index of japanese items -...
TRANSCRIPT
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atsude no 厚手の atsui/futoiatsui 厚い atsui/futoiatsumaru 集まる atsumaruatsumeru 集める atsumeruattakai あったかい atatakaiau 会う auayamachi 過ち machigaiayamari 誤り machigaiayamaru 謝る ayamaru
baa バー nomiyabaikyaku suru 売却する urubaishuu suru 買収する kaubaiten 売店 misebaizoo suru 倍増する fuerubakudai na ばくだいな ookiiban 晩 yoruban (suffix) 番 suujibangoo 番号 suujibateru ばてる tsukarerubatteki suru 抜てきする erabubenkyoo suru 勉強する benkyoo surubetsu no/na 別の／な chigaubikkuri suru びっくりする odorokubimi na 美味な oishiibokujoo 牧場 hatakeboodai na 膨大な ookiibooshi suru 防止する fusegubooya 坊や otoko no kobossuru 没する shinubotchan 坊ちゃん musukobuatsui 分厚い atsui/futoi
abunai 危ない abunaiagaru 上がる agaru, tomaruageru 揚げる ageru ageru 上げる ageru/kureruaka あか gomiakari 明かり hikariakeru 開ける akeruakeru 明ける owaruaku 開く akuaku 空く kara noamari あまり amariane 姉 ane/imootoaneki 姉貴 ane/imootoani 兄 ani/otootoaniki 兄貴 ani/otootoanjiru 案じる shinpai suruanmari あんまり amariannai suru 案内する shiraseruansatsu suru 暗殺する korosuanzen na 安全な anzen naapaato アパート iearatameru 改める kaeru¹aru ある aru/iru, motte iru, okiruaruku 歩く arukuasobi ni iku 遊びに行く hoomon suruasobi ni kuru 遊びに来る hoomon suruataeru 与える ageru/kureruatama ni kuru 頭にくる okoruataru 当たる utsuatataka na 暖か／温かな atatakaiatatakai 暖かい／温かい atatakaiateru 当てる utsu
Index of Japanese items
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
404
chuujun 中旬 nakabachuuka-soba 中華そば menchuuoo 中央 chuushinchuushi suru 中止する torikesuchuushin 中心 chuushin
daibu だいぶ kanaridaiji na 大事な juuyoo nadaijoobu na 大丈夫な anzen na, iidaikibo na 大規模な ookiidaikirai na 大嫌いな kirai nadaimei 題名 namaedaisuki na 大好きな suki nadaisuu 台数 kazudakko suru だっこする motsudakkyaku suru 脱却する nigerudaku 抱く motsudandan 段々 dandandanji 男児 otoko no kodanna だんな ottodannasan だんなさん ottodansei 男性 otoko no hitodanshi 男子 otoko no hito, otoko no kodasshutsu suru 脱出する nigerudasu 出す okurudeau 出会う audekai でかい ookiidekakeru 出掛ける derudekiagaru でき上がる dekirudekiru できる dekirudekkai でっかい ookiidekuwasu 出くわす audenki 電気 hikaridensha 電車 denshadentoo 電灯 hikaridepaato デパート misederu 出る derudoa ドア doadokasu どかす ugokasudokeru どける ugokasudoku どく ugokudonkoo 鈍行 densha
bubun 部分 bubunbuhin 部品 bubunbui 部位 bubunbuji na 無事な anzen nabuki 武器 bukibukka 物価 nedanbunan na 無難な anzen naburashi ブラシ hakebussoo na 物騒な abunaibutsu ぶつ utsubutsukaru ぶつかる utsubutsukeru ぶつける utsu
chakuyoo suru 着用する kiru²chichi 父 otoosanchichioya 父親 otoosanchigai 違い chigaichigau 違う chigauchihoo 地方 chihoochiiki 地域 chihoochiisa na 小さな chiisaichiisai 小さい chiisaichijimaru 縮まる chijimuchijimu 縮む chijimuchikagoro 近ごろ saikinchikaku 近く chikakuchikayoru 近寄る chikazukuchikazuku 近づく chikazukuchiketto チケット kippuchiku 地区 chihoochikyuu 地球 sekaichinsha suru 陳謝する ayamaruchitai 地帯 chihoochitcha na ちっちゃな chiisaichitchai ちっちゃい chiisaichittomo ちっとも zenzenchoodai suru ちょうだいする morauchoojo 長女 musumechoonan 長男 musukochosha 著者 sakkachotto ちょっと sukoshichuui suru 注意する ki o tsukeru
Index of Japanese items
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
405
gaado ガード hashi¹gaibu 外部 sotogaishutsu suru 外出する derugakushuu suru 学習する benkyoo surugakuzen to suru がく然とする odorokugaragara no がらがらの kara nogekido suru 激怒する okorugekigen suru 激減する herugendo 限度 seigengenkai 限界 seigengenshoo suru 減少する herugenzai 現在 imageraku suru 下落する sagarugimon 疑問 shitsumongobodoosama ご母堂様 okaasangohan ご飯 kome, shokujigoku ごく hijoo nigokyoodai ご兄弟 kyoodaigomi ごみ gomigoran ni naru ごらんになる mirugoreijoo ご令嬢 musumegoryooshin ご両親 oyagoshisoku ご子息 musukogoshujin ご主人 ottogoshujinsama ご主人様 ottogosonpusama ご尊父様 otoosangozaimasu ございます aru/iru, motte irugyooseki 業績 seiseki
habuku 省く habukuhada 肌 kawahadasamui 肌寒い samui/tsumetaihaeru 生える nobiruhagareru はがれる toreruhageru はげる toreruhaha 母 okaasanhahaoya 母親 okaasanhaiboku suru 敗北する makeruhaigo 背後 ushirohaiken suru 拝見する miruhaisoo suru 配送する todokeruhaitatsu suru 配達する todokeru
dooro 道路 michi
enjo suru 援助する tetsudauenjoo suru 炎上する moeruerabu 選ぶ erabueru 得る eruesa えさ tabemonoessee エッセー／エッセイ ronbun
fan ファン senpuukifuchaku suru 付着する tsuku²fuchi 縁 hashi²fudan ふだん futsuufude 筆 hakefueru 増える fuerufujin 婦人 onna no hitofujin 夫人 tsumafukai na 不快な iya nafukeru 老ける toshi o torufukin 付近 chikakufukin ふきん nunofukki suru 復帰する kaeru²fukkoo suru 復興する naorufukkyuu suru 復旧する naorufuku 服 fukufukusoo 服装 fukufunshitsu suru 紛失する nakusufurai ni suru フライにする agerufureru 触れる sawarufuru 降る ochirufurui 古い furuifusegu 防ぐ fusegufushigi na 不思議な hen nafutoi 太い atsui/futoifutoru 太る atsui/futoifutsuu 普通 densha, futsuufuttoo saseru 沸騰させる wakasufuusa suru 封鎖する shimerufuushuu 風習 shuukanfuyasu 増やす fuyasufuyukai na 不愉快な iya na
Index of Japanese items
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
406
henka 変化 henkahenka suru 変化する kawaruhenkaku 変革 henkahenkan suru 変換する kaesuhenkin suru 返金する kaesuhenkoo 変更 henkahenkoo suru 変更する kaeru¹henkyaku suru 返却する kaesuhenpin suru 返品する kaesuhensai suru 返済する kaesuhensen 変遷 henkahenshin 返信 kotaehenshin suru 返信する kotaeruhentoo 返答 kotaehen’yoo suru 変容する kawaruherasu 減らす herasuheri へり hashi²heru 減る heruheta na 下手な heta nahetakuso na 下手くそな heta nahetoheto no へとへとの tsukareruhi 日 hi¹, hi², hiruhieru 冷える hieru/hiyasuhifu 皮膚 kawahijiki ひじき kaisoohijoo ni 非常に hijoo nihikari 光 hikarihikidemono 引き出物 okurimonohikkosu 引っ越す ugokuhinata ひなた hi²hinichi 日にち hi¹hinpan ni 頻繁に yokuhirabettai 平べったい hirataihiraku 開く akeruhiraku 開く akuhiratai 平たい hirataihiroi 広い ookiihiroo suru 疲労する tsukareruhiru 昼 hiruhiruma 昼間 hiruhissha 筆者 sakkahito 人 hito
hajikko はじっこ hashi², sakihajimari 始まり hajimehajime 初め／始め hajime, saishohajimete 初めて saishohake はけ hakehaken suru 派遣する okuruhakkiri suru はっきりする wakaru¹hakobu 運ぶ hakobuhaku はく／履く kiru²hameru はめる kiru²hanasu 話す hanasuhanbai suru 販売する uruhangen suru 半減する heruhanikamu はにかむ hazukashiihanmei suru 判明する wakaru¹hansoo suru 搬送する hakobuhara ga tatsu 腹が立つ okoruhara o tateru 腹を立てる okoruharappa 原っぱ hatakeharau 払う harauhasamu 挟む ireruhashi 橋 hashi¹hashi 端 hashi², sakihassei suru 発生する okiruhatake 畑 hatakehattatsu suru 発達する hattatsu suruhatten suru 発展する hattatsu suruhayaku 早く／速く hayakuhazukashigaru 恥ずかしがる hazukashiihazukashii 恥ずかしい hazukashiihazureru 外れる toreruhazusu 外す toruhei 塀 kabeheiki 兵器 bukiheisa suru 閉鎖する shimeruheitan na 平たんな hirataihen na 変な hen nahenboo suru 変ぼうする kawaruhendoo 変動 henkahendoo suru 変動する kawaruhenji 返事 kotaehenji suru 返事する kotaeru
Index of Japanese items
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
407
imasara 今更 imaimaya 今や imaimooto 妹 ane/imootoimootosan 妹さん ane/imootoine 稲 komeinochi 命 inochiintai suru 引退する yameruippai いっぱい takusanippai no いっぱいの ippai noippen suru 一変する kawaruirai suru 依頼する tanomuirassharu いらっしゃる aru/iru, iku, kuru, motte iruireru 入れる ireru, okuiroiro na いろいろ／色々な iroiro naironna いろんな／色んな iroiro nairu いる aru/iru, motte iruirui 衣類 fukuiryoo 衣料 fukuiryoohin 衣料品 fukuishoo 衣装 fukuisoide 急いで hayakuissai 一切 zenzenisshoo 一生 inochiisshuu suru 一周する mawaruitadaku 頂く morauitadaku いただく taberuitai 遺体 karadaitai 痛い tsuraiitameru いためる ageruitasu いたす suruitsumo いつも futsuu, itsumoiya na 嫌な iya naiya na 嫌な kirai naiyagaru 嫌がる kirai naiyoiyo いよいよ yattoizakaya 居酒屋 nomiyaizen 依然 madaizentoshite 依然として mada
jakkan 若干 sukoshijidoo 児童 kodomo²
hitobito 人々 hitohitogara 人柄 seikakuhitotachi 人たち hitohiyasu 冷やす hieru/hiyasuhizashi 日ざし hi²hizuke 日付 hi¹hodookyoo 歩道橋 hashi¹hoka no ほかの chigauhon 本 honhonjitsu 本日 kyoohonki no 本気の majime nahonsuu 本数 kazuhoogaku 方角 hookoohoogyo suru 崩御する shinuhoohoo 方法 hoohoohookoo 方向 hookoohoomen 方面 hookoohoomon suru 訪問する hoomon suruhoomuru 葬る umeruhooshiki 方式 hoohoohosoi 細い hosoi/usuihosonagai 細長い hosoi/usuihoyuu shite iru 保有している motte iruhyakkaten 百貨店 misehyookin na ひょうきんな okashii
ichibu 一部 bubunidoo suru 移動する ugokasu, ugokuie 家 ieieru いえる naoruifuku 衣服 fukuii いい iiikaru 怒る okoruikaseru 行かせる okuruikinari いきなり kyuu niikiru 生きる ikiruikkoo ni 一向に zenzeniku 行く ikuiku 逝く shinuikuraka 幾らか sukoshiima 今 ima, sakkiimada ni いまだに mada
Index of Japanese items
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
408
jun’i 順位 junbanjunjo 順序 junbanjuukyo 住居 iejuutaku 住宅 iejuuyoo na 重要な juuyoo najuyo suru 授与する ageru/kureru
ka (suffix) 日 hi¹kabe 壁 kabekabu 下部 sokokaburu かぶる kiru²kabuseru かぶせる ooukadai 課題 mondaikaeru 帰る deru, iku, kaeru²kaeru 変える／替える kaeru¹kaesu 返す kaesukaette kuru 帰ってくる kurukagu かぐ nioi/nioukaifuku suru 回復する naorukaihi suru 回避する sakerukaihoo suru 開放する akerukaimotomeru 買い求める kaukaishuu suru 回収する atsumerukaisoku 快速 denshakaisoo 海藻 kaisookaiten suru 回転する mawarukaiten suru 開店する akeru, akukaitoo 解答 kotaekaitoo 回答 kotaekaitoo suru 回答する kotaerukaitsuu suru 開通する akukakaeru 抱える motsukakaku 価格 nedankakehashi 懸け橋 hashi¹kakeru 掛ける kakeru, kiru², ooukakine 垣根 kabekakkoo 格好 katachikaku 書く kakukakubetsu no/na 格別の／な tokubetsu na/nokakueki-teisha 各駅停車 denshakakugo suru 覚悟する kitai suru
jijo 次女 musumejikan 時間 jikanjiki 時期 jikanjiki じき sugujiki ni じきに sugujikka 実家 iejikkoo suru 実行する surujikoku 時刻 jikanjinan 次男 musukojinbutsu 人物 hitojinin suru 辞任する yamerujinka 人家 iejinkaku 人格 seikakujinmei 人命 inochijinrui 人類 hitojinsei 人生 inochijinsoku ni 迅速に hayakujishoku suru 辞職する yamerujisseki 実績 seisekijisshi suru 実施する surujitai 事態 jootaijitaku 自宅 iejiten 時点 jikanjitsujoo 実情 jootaijittai 実態 jootaijoji 女児 onna no kojojo ni 徐々に dandanjokyo suru 除去する torujooji 常時 itsumojookyoo 状況 jootaijoosei 情勢 jootaijoosha suru 乗車する norujooshaken 乗車券 kippujooshoo suru 上昇する agarujootai 状態 jootaijoozu na 上手な joozu najosei 女性 onna no hitojoshi 女子 onna no hito, onna no kojumyoo 寿命 inochijun 順 junbanjunban 順番 junbanjunbi 準備 junbi
Index of Japanese items
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
409
kawatte iru 変わっている hen nakazu 数 kazu, suujikazuooku 数多く takusankeigen suru 軽減する herasukeikai suru 警戒する ki o tsukerukeikaku 計画 keikakukeiyu suru 経由する toorukekkoo けっこう kanarikekkoo na けっこうな iiken 券 kippukenchiku suru 建築する taterukenen suru 懸念する shinpai surukensetsu suru 建設する taterukesshin suru 決心する kimeru kesshite 決して zenzenketa (suffix) けた suujiketsudan suru 決断する kimeru ketsui suru 決意する kimeru kettei suru 決定する kimaru, kimeruki ga suru 気がする kimochiki ni iru 気に入る suki naki o tsukeru 気をつける ki o tsukerukiboo 希望 kibookibun 気分 kimochikifu suru 寄付する ageru/kurerukihonteki na 基本的な kihonteki nakiji 記事 ronbunkiji 生地 nunokikaku 企画 keikakukikan suru 帰還する kaeru²kiken na 危険な abunaikikoku suru 帰国する kaeru²kikoo 気候 tenkikiku 聞く kikukikyoo suru 帰郷する kaeru²kimaru 決まる kimarukimeru 決める kimeru kimochi 気持ち kimochikimyoo na 奇妙な hen nakinjo 近所 chikakukinkoo 近郊 chikakukinrin 近隣 chikaku
kakutei suru 確定する kimarukakutoku suru 獲得する erukamisan かみさん tsumakanai 家内 tsumakanarazu 必ず kanarazukanari かなり kanarikandoo suru 感動する kandoo surukangaeru 考える omou/kangaerukangeki suru 感激する kandoo surukangen suru 還元する kaesukanji 感じ kimochikanjin na 肝心な juuyoo nakanjoo 感情 kimochikankisen 換気扇 senpuukikansatsu suru 観察する mirukansei suru 完成する dekirukanshuu 慣習 shuukankansoo suru 乾燥する kawakukantan na 簡単な yasashiikaoku 家屋 iekaori 香り nioi/nioukara no 空の kara nokarada 体 karadakarakara no からからの kawakukarappo no 空っぽの kara nokaratto suru からっとする kawakukareru 枯れる shinukaru 刈る kiru¹kasakasa suru かさかさする kawakukasan suru 加算する tasukata かた hitokata (suffix) 方 hoohookatachi 形 katachikatagata かたがた hitokataru 語る hanasukatsu 勝つ katsukatsugu 担ぐ katsugukau 買う kaukawa 皮 kawakawaku 乾く kawakukawaru 変わる kawarukawatta 変わった hen na
Index of Japanese items
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410
konponteki na 根本的な kihonteki nakoobu 後部 ushirokoochiku suru 構築する taterukoodai na 広大な ookiikooden 香典 okurimonokoofuku na 幸福な ureshiikoogeki suru 攻撃する osoukoohoo 後方 ushirokooka suru 降下する orirukookan suru 交換する kaeru¹kookuuken 航空券 kippukoonyuu suru 購入する kaukooreisha 高齢者 toshiyorikooseki 功績 seisekikooshi 講師 senseikootoo suru 高騰する agarukoro ころ jikankorobu 転ぶ ochirukorosu 殺す korosukossetsu suru 骨折する kowasukotae 答え kotaekotaeru 答える kotaerukotogotoku ことごとく minnakotonaru 異なる chigaukotowaru 断る kotowarukowagaru 怖がる kowaikowai 怖い kowaikowareru 壊れる kowarerukowasu 壊す kowasukudaru 下る orirukudasaru 下さる ageru/kurerukuimono 食い物 tabemonokuitomeru 食い止める tomerukurashi 暮らし inochikurasu 暮らす ikirukure 暮れ owarikureru くれる ageru/kurerukuru 来る kurukurushii 苦しい tsuraikusami 臭み nioi/nioukuse 癖 shuukankutabireru くたびれる tsukareru
kinyuu suru 記入する kakukion 気温 ondokippu 切符 kippukirai na 嫌いな kirai nakirau 嫌う kirai nakireru 切れる kowarerukiru 切る kiru¹kiru 着る kiru²kisai suru 記載する kakukisei suru 帰省する kaeru²kisetsu 季節 kisetsukisha 汽車 denshakisoteki na 基礎的な kihonteki nakitai 期待 kibookitai suru 期待する kitai surukitaku suru 帰宅する kaeru²kiwamete 極めて hijoo nikizoo suru 寄贈する ageru/kurerukizuku 築く tateruko 子 kodomo¹, kodomo²kobamu 拒む kotowarukobiritsuku こびりつく tsuku²kodomo 子供 kodomo¹, kodomo²kodomosan 子供さん kodomo¹, kodomo²kogara na 小柄な chiisaikogasu 焦がす moyasukogeru 焦げる moerukokeru こける ochirukokkei na こっけいな okashiikomaka na 細かな chiisaikomakai 細かい chiisaikome 米 komekonaida こないだ sakkikonbini コンビニ misekonbu 昆布 kaisookongo 今後 shooraikonnichi 今日 kyookono aida この間 sakkikono mae この前 sakkikono tokoro このところ saikinkonogoro このごろ saikinkonomu 好む suki na
Index of Japanese items
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-14706-5 - Using Japanese SynonymsA. E. BackhouseIndexMore information
411
mamonaku 間もなく sugumanabu 学ぶ benkyoo suru, oboerumaneku 招く yobuman’in no 満員の ippai nomannaka 真ん中 chuushinmanpai no 満杯の ippai nomanseki no 満席の ippai nomanshitsu no 満室の ippai nomanshon マンション iemarude まるで zenzenmashi na ましな iimasu 増す fueru, fuyasumatsu 待つ matsumattaku 全く zenzenmawaru 回る mawarumayonaka 真夜中 yorumazu まず saisho, tabunmazui まずい heta nameishoo 名称 namaemen めん menmenrui めん類 menmeshi 飯 kome, shokujimeshiagaru 召し上がる taberumesu 雌 onna no hitomi n itsukeru 身につける oboerumichi 道 michimieru 見える kuru, mirumigoto na 見事な subarashiimikakeru 見掛ける mirumimai ni iku 見舞に行く hoomon surumimai ni kuru 見舞に来る hoomon surumimamoru 見守る mirumina 皆 minnaminasama 皆様 minnaminasan 皆さん minnaminka 民家 ieminna みんな minnamirai 未来 shooraimiru 見る mirumise 店 misemisu ミス machigaimitsumeru 見詰める miru
kutakuta no くたくたの tsukarerukuttsuku くっつく tsuku²kuu 食う taberukuwaeru 加える tasukyanseru suru キャンセル する torikesukyodai na 巨大な ookiikyohi suru 拒否する kotowarukyojuu suru 居住する ikirukyoo 今日 kyookyoodai 兄弟 kyoodaikyooin 教員 senseikyookan 教官 senseikyooki 凶器 bukikyooshi 教師 senseikyooyu 教諭 senseikyozetsu suru 拒絶する kotowarukyuu ni 急に kyuu nikyuujitsu 休日 yasumikyuujo suru 救助する tasukerukyuuka 休暇 yasumikyuukoo 急行 denshakyuushutsu suru 救出する tasukerukyuusoku ni 急速に hayaku
machi 町 machimachigai 間違い machigaimachimachi na/no まちまち な／の iroiro namachiukeru 待ち受ける matsumada まだ madamadamada まだまだ madamae 前 maemagaru 曲がる mawarumairu 参る iku, kurumaisetsu suru 埋設する umerumaisoo suru 埋葬する umerumaisuu 枚数 kazumajime na まじめな majime namakasu 負かす katsumakeru 負ける makerumakki 末期 owarimama ママ okaasan
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nakunaru 亡くなる shinunakusu なくす nakusunakusu 亡くす nakusunamae 名前 namaenanbaa ナンバー suujinanimokamo 何もかも minnanaoru 治る naorunaosu 直す naosu¹, naosu²naraberu 並べる okunarau 習う benkyoo surunasaru なさる surunasu なす surunedan 値段 nedannenpai no 年配の furuinetsu 熱 ondonettoo 熱湯 mizunichi (suffix) 日 hi¹nigate na 苦手な heta nanigeru 逃げる nigerunihonsoba 日本そば mennikayou 似通う nirunikkoo 日光 hi²nikushin 肉親 shinsekiningen 人間 hitoninzu 人数 kazuninzuu 人数 kazunioi におい nioi/niouniou におう nioi/niouniramu にらむ miruniru 似る nirunisshoo 日照 hi²nitchuu 日中 hiruniwaka ni にわかに kyuu ninoberu 述べる yuunobiru 伸びる／延びる nobirunoboru 登る／上る agarunogareru 逃れる nigerunokkaru 乗っかる norunokkeru 載っける okunomiya 飲み屋 nomiyanori のり kaisoonoroi のろい yukkuri
miuchi 身内 shinsekimizu 水 mizumochiiru 用いる tsukaumodoru 戻る kaeru²modosu 戻す kaesumoeru 燃える moerumohaya もはや imamondai 問題 mondai, shitsumonmono 者 hitomonoshizuka na 物静かな shizuka namonosugoku ものすごく hijoo nimoo もう imamooshiageru 申し上げる yuumooshikomu 申し込む mooshikomumoosu 申す yuumootoo 毛頭 zenzenmorau もらう moraumotaseru 持たせる ageru/kurerumotsu 持つ motsumotte iru 持っている motte irumoyasu 燃やす moyasumukae ni iku 迎えに行く aumukae ni kuru 迎えに来る aumukeru むける torerumuki 向き hookoomukuchi na 無口な shizuka namusubu 結ぶ musubumusuko 息子 musukomusukosan 息子さん musukomusume 娘 musume, onna no komusumesan 娘さん musumemyooji 名字 namae
na 名 namaenagameru 眺める mirunaguru 殴る utsunaibu 内部 nakanaitei suru 内定する kimarunaka 中 nakanakaba 半ば nakabanakagoro 中ごろ nakabanakanaka なかなか kanari
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okonau 行う suruokoru 起こる okiruokoru 怒る okoruokosama お子様 kodomo¹, kodomo²okosan お子さん kodomo¹, kodomo²okoshi ni naru お越しになる kuruoku 奥 nakaoku 置く okuokugai 屋外 sotookurimono 贈り物 okurimonookuru 送る okuruokuru 贈る ageru/kureruokusama 奥様 tsumaokusan 奥さん tsumaome ni kakaru お目に掛かる auomeshi ni naru お召しになる kiru²omiyage お土産 okurimonoomoikomu 思い込む omou/kangaeruomoitsuku 思いつく omou/kangaeruomomuku 赴く ikuomoshiroi 面白い okashiiomote 表 mae, sotoomotome ni naru お求めになる kauomou 思う omou/kangaeruonamae お名前 namaeonbu suru おんぶする katsuguondo 温度 ondooneechan お姉ちゃん ane/imootooneesama お姉様 ane/imootooneesan お姉さん ane/imooto, onna no koonegai suru お願いする tanomuoniichan お兄ちゃん ani/otootooniisama お兄様 ani/otootooniisan お兄さん ani/otooto, otoko no koonna 女 onna no hitoonna no hito 女の人 onna no hitoonna no ko 女の子 onna no koonna-kyoodai 女兄弟 ane/imootoonshi 恩師 senseioobo suru 応募する mooshikomuoodan suru 横断する wataru
noru 乗る norunoseru 載せる okunozoku のぞく mirunozomi 望み kiboonugu 脱ぐ torunukasu 抜かす habukunukedasu 抜け出す nigerunukeru 抜ける toorununo 布 nunonureru ぬれる nurerunurui ぬるい samui/tsumetainyoobo 女房 tsumanyooboo 女房 tsumanyuujooken 入場券 kippunyuushu suru 入手する eru
obaasan おばあさん toshiyoriobieru おびえる kowaioboeru 覚える oboeruobuu おぶう katsuguochiau 落ち合う auochiru 落ちる ochiru, sagaru, toreruochuugen お中元 okurimonoodoroku 驚く odorokuofukuro おふくろ okaasanogoru おごる kauoide ni naru おいでになる kuruoiru オイル toshi o toruoishii おいしい oishiioiwai お祝い okurimonoojama suru おじゃまする hoomon suruojiisan おじいさん toshiyoriojoosama お嬢様 musumeojoosan お嬢さん musume, onna no kookaasama お母様 okaasanokaasan お母さん okaasanokane o dasu お金を出す harauokashii おかしい hen naokashii おかしい okashiiokiru 起きる okiruokkanai おっかない kowaiokkochiru おっこちる ochiru
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otooto 弟 ani/otootootootosan 弟さん ani/otootootoshi o mesu お年を召す toshi o toruotoshidama お年玉 okurimonootosu 落す nakusuotozureru 訪れる hoomon suru, kuruotto 夫 ottoowari 終わり owariowaru 終わる owaruoya 親 oyaoyagosan 親御さん oyaoyaji おやじ otoosanoyu お湯 mizu
pabu パブ nomiyapapa パパ otoosanpasapasa suru ぱさぱさろする kawakupokapoka ぽかぽか atatakaipurezento プレゼント okurimono
raamen ラーメン menraisu ライス komeraito ライト hikarirakka suru 落下する ochiruraku na 楽な yasashiireijoo 令嬢 musumereikyaku suru 冷却する hieru/hiyasurenchuu 連中 hitorenkyuu 連休 yasumirepooto レポート ronbunressha 列車 densharikai suru 理解する wakaru²rikkyoo 陸橋 hashi¹rippa na りっぱな subarashiirippuku suru 立腹する okoruriyoo suru 利用する tsukauroji 路地 michironbun 論文 ronbunroojin 老人 toshiyorirooka suru 老化する toshi o torurookyuuka suru 老朽化する toshi o toruruiji suru 類似する niru
oogara na/no 大柄な／の ookiiooi 多い takusanooi ni 大いに hijoo niooki na 大きな ookiiookii 大きい ookiiookiku naru 大きくなる nobiruooku 多く takusanoopun suru オープンする akuootoo 応答 kotaeootoo suru 応答する kotaeruoou 覆う oouoozei 大勢 takusanorareru おられる aru/iruoreru 折れる kowareruoriru 降りる oriruoritatamu 折り畳む oruoru おる aru/iru, motte iruoru 折る kowasuoru 折る oruosameru 納める harauoseibo お歳暮 okurimonooshieru 教える shiraseruoshimai おしまい owariosoi 遅い yukkuriosoraku 恐らく tabunosoreru 恐れる kowaiosoroshii 恐ろしい kowaiosou 襲う osouosowaru 教わる oboeruossharu おっしゃる yuuosu 雄 otoko no hitoosumai da お住まいだ ikiruosumai ni naru お住まいになる ikiruotaku お宅 ieoto おと otootoko 男 otoko no hitootoko no hito 男の人 otoko no hitootoko no ko 男の子 otoko no kootoko-kyoodai 男兄弟 ani/otootootonashii おとなしい shizuka naotoosama お父様 otoosanotoosan お父さん otoosan
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satsugai suru 殺害する korosusawaru 触る sawarusegare せがれ musukosei 姓 namaeseichoo suru 成長する nobiruseigen 制限 seigenseika 成果 seisekiseikaku 性格 seikakuseikatsu 生活 inochiseikatsu suru 生活する ikiruseikyo suru 逝去する shinuseimei 生命 inochiseinen 青年 otoko no koseiriken 整理券 kippuseiritsu suru 成立する dekiruseisaku suru 製作／制作する tsukuruseisan suru 生産する tsukuruseiseki 成績 seisekiseisoku suru 生息する ikiruseiyaku 制約 seigenseizoo suru 製造する tsukurusekai 世界 sekaiseken 世間 sekaisekkin suru 接近する chikazukusemai 狭い chiisaisemaru 迫る chikazukusemeru 攻める osousenbetsu せんべつ okurimonosenjitsu 先日 sakkisenkai suru 旋回する mawarusenmonten 専門店 misesenpuuki 扇風機 senpuukisensei 先生 senseisenshutsu suru 選出する erabusensu 扇子 senpuukisentaku suru 選択する erabusentan 先端 sakisentei suru 選定する erabuseou 背負う katsugusesshoku suru 接触する sawarusessuru 接する sawarusetsudan suru 切断する kiru¹
ryakusu 略す habukuryoo 量 kazuryookoo na 良好な iiryooshin 両親 oya
sa 差 chigaisagaru 下がる sagarusahodo さほど amarisai 差異 chigaisaijitsu 祭日 yasumisaikin 最近 saikinsaisho 最初 hajime, saishosaishuu suru 採集する atsumerusakeru 避ける sakerusaki 先 sakisakihodo 先ほど sakkisakippo 先っぽ sakisakka 作家 sakkasakki さっき sakkisakkon 昨今 saikinsakkyuu ni 早急に hayakusaku さく kabesakubun 作文 ronbunsakugen suru 削減する herasusakusei suru 作成する tsukurusakusha 作者 sakkasamasu 冷ます hieru/hiyasusamazama na さまざま／様々な iroiro nasameru 冷める hieru/hiyasusamui 寒い samui/tsumetaisanpo suru 散歩する arukusansaku suru 散策する arukusappari さっぱり zenzensaru 去る derusashiageru 差し上げる ageru/kurerusashikomu 差し込む irerusasou 誘う yobusassa to さっさと hayakusassoku 早速 sugusasu 挿す irerusatogaeri suru 里帰りする kaeru²
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shiraseru 知らせる shiraserushirusu 記す kakushiryoo 飼料 tabemonoshishoo 師匠 senseishisoku 子息 musukoshita 下 sokoshitai 死体 karadashitaku 支度 junbishitsugi 質疑 shitsumonshitsumon 質問 shitsumonshitsumon suru 質問する kikushiyoo suru 使用する tsukaushizuka na 静かな shizuka nashoji shite iru 所持している motte irushoki 初期 hajimeshoku suru 食する taberushokuhin 食品 tabemonoshokuji 食事 shokujishokumotsu 食物 tabemonoshokuryoo 食料／食糧 tabemonoshokuryoohin 食料品 tabemonoshokusu 食す taberushomotsu 書物 honshoogai 生涯 inochishoojiru 生じる okirushoojo 少女 onna no koshookyaku suru 焼却する moyasushoomei 照明 hikarishoomen 正面 maeshoonen 少年 otoko no koshooni 小児 kodomo²shoorai 将来 shooraishooraisei 将来性 shooraishoori suru 勝利する katsushooryaku suru 省略する habukushooshoo 少々 sukoshishootai suru 招待する yobushooten 商店 miseshoseki 書籍 honshotchuu しょっちゅう itsumoshou しょう katsugushoyuu shite iru 所有して いる motte iru
setsumon 設問 shitsumonshaberu しゃべる hanasushadoo 車道 michishazai suru 謝罪する ayamarushi 市 machishiawase na 幸せな ureshiishibaru 縛る musubushibashiba しばしば yokushiboo saseru 死亡させる korosushiboo suru 死亡する shinushidai ni 次第に dandanshien suru 支援すす tetsudaushigai 市街 machishigai 死がい karadashihan 師範 senseishihan suru 市販する urushiharau 支払う haraushiireru 仕入れる kaushiizun シーズン kisetsushikeru しける nurerushiki 四季 kisetsushiku 敷く okushikyo suru 死去する shinushimai 姉妹 ane/imootoshimaru 閉まる shimarushimei 氏名 namaeshimeru 締める kiru²shimeru 湿る nurerushimeru 閉める shimerushinaseru 死なせる korosushinkansen 新幹線 denshashinken na 真剣な majime nashinkoku na 深刻な majime nashinpai suru 心配する shinpai surushinrui 親類 shinsekishinsei suru 申請する mooshikomushinseki 親せき shinsekishinshi 紳士 otoko no hitoshintai 身体 karadashinu 死ぬ shinushin’ya 深夜 yorushinzoku 親族 shinseki
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subarashii 素晴らしい subarashiisubete すべて minnasude ni すでに imasue 末 owarisugata 姿 katachisugoi すごい hijoo nisugoku すごく hijoo nisugu すぐ sugusugu ni すぐに sugusugusama すぐさま sugusuiden 水田 hatakesuidoo 水道 mizusuion 水温 ondosuki na 好きな suki nasukoshi 少し sukoshisuku すく kara nosuku 好く suki nasukuu 救う tasukerusumai 住まい iesumiyaka ni 速やかに hayakusumu 済む owarusumu 住む ikirusunakku スナック nomiyasuru する kimeru, kiru², surusuteki na すてきな subarashiisuuchi 数値 suujisuuji 数字 suujisuupaa スーパー misesuzushii 涼しい samui/tsumetai
ta 田 hataketa no 他の chigautabemono 食べ物 tabemonotaberu 食べる taberutabitabi たびたび yokutabun 多分 tabuntachidomaru 立ち止まる tomarutachioojoo suru 立ち往生 する tomarutadachi ni 直ちに sugutadaima ただいま imatadoritsuku たどり着く tsuku¹tahata 田畑 hatake
shudan 手段 hoohooshuhoo 手法 hoohooshujin 主人 ottoshuju no 種々の iroiro nashukka suru 出荷する okurushukujitsu 祝日 yasumishukushoo suru 縮小する chijimushuppatsu suru 出発する derushutoku suru 取得する erushutsugan suru 出願する mooshikomushuuen 終焉 owarishuufuku suru 修復する naosu¹shuugeki suru 襲撃する osoushuugoo suru 集合する atsumarushuukan 習慣 shuukanshuuketsu suru 終結する owarushuuri suru 修理する naosu¹shuuryoo suru 終了する owarushuusei 習性 shuukanshuusei suru 修正する naosu²shuushuku suru 収縮する chijimushuushuu suru 収集する atsumerushuuzen suru 修繕する naosu¹soba そば chikaku, mensodatsu 育つ nobirusokkuri na/no そっくりな／の nirusoko 底 sokosonna ni そんなに amarisoo そう amarisooi 相違 chigaisookin suru 送金する okurusookyuu ni 早急に hayakusoomen そうめん mensoonyuu suru 挿入する irerusoo-on 騒音 otosooshitsu suru 喪失する nakususootoo 相当 kanarisoozooshii 騒々しい urusaisorehodo それほど amarisoshi suru 阻止する tomerusoto 外 sotosotogawa 外側 soto
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teishi suru 停止する tomaru, tomeruteishu 亭主 ottotekkyo suru 撤去する torutekkyoo 鉄橋 hashi¹temiyage 手土産 okurimonotenjiru 転じる kawarutenkai suru 展開する hattatsu surutenkai suru 転回する mawarutenkan 転換 henkatenkan suru 転換する kaeru¹tenki 天気 tenkitenkoo 天候 tenkitenpo 店舗 misetenpura ni suru 天ぷらにする agerutenraku suru 転落する ochirutensaku suru 添削する naosu²tentoo suru 転倒する ochiruterekusai 照れくさい hazukashiitereru 照れる hazukashiitetsudau 手伝う tetsudauto 戸 doatobira 扉 doatodokeru 届ける todokerutodoku 届く tsuku¹toi 問い shitsumontoiawase 問い合わせ shitsumontoiawaseru 問い合わせる kikutoikake 問いかけ shitsumontoikakeru 問いかける kikutojiru 閉じる shimaru, shimerutokai 都会 machitoki 時 jikantokidoki 時々 tokidokitokiori 時折 tokidokitokkyuu 特急 denshatokubetsu na/no 特別な／の tokubetsu na/notokui na 得意な joozu natokushu na 特殊な tokubetsu na/notomaru 止まる tomarutomeru 止める tomerutoochaku suru 到着 tsuku¹
taihen 大変 hijoo nitaihen na 大変な tsuraitaiki suru 待機する matsutaion 体温 ondotaira na 平らな hirataitaisetsu na 大切な juuyoo nataishite たいして amaritaishoku suru 退職する yamerutaitei 大抵 futsuutaiyoo 太陽 hi²takai suru 他界する shinutaku たく moyasutaku 炊く wakasutakumi na 巧みな joozu natakusan たくさん takusantama ni たまに tokidokitanbo 田んぼ hataketankoobon 単行本 hontannoo na たんのうな joozu natanomu 頼む tanomutaoreru 倒れる ochirutashoo 多少 sukoshitassha na 達者な joozu natasu 足す tasutasukeru 助ける tasukeru, tetsudautata 多々 takusantataku たたく utsutatamu 畳む orutatekaeru 建て替える harautateru 建てる taterutatsu たつ derutazuneru 訪ねる hoomon surutazuneru 尋ねる kikute ni ireru 手に入れる erutedasuke suru 手助けする tetsudauteigen suru 低減する herasuteika suru 低下する sagaruteiki 定期 kipputeikiken 定期券 kipputeikyuubi 定休日 yasumiteisei suru 訂正する naosu²teisha suru 停車する tomaru
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tsukuru 作る／造る tsukurutsuma 妻 tsumatsumetai 冷たい samui/tsumetaitsunagu つなぐ musubutsune ni 常に itsumotsurai つらい tsuraitsurusu つるす kakerutsutanai つたない heta natsuuchi suru 通知する shiraserutsuuhoo suru 通報する shiraserutsuujiru 通じる wakaru²tsuujoo 通常 futsuutsuuka suru 通過する toorutsuukoku suru 通告する shiraserutsuutatsu suru 通達する shiraseru
uchi うち ieuchigawa 内側 nakauchiwa うちわ senpuukiudon うどん menugokasu 動かす ugokasuugoku 動く ugokuukagau 伺う hoomon suru, kikuukeru 受ける morauuketoru 受け取る morauumai うまい joozu na, oishiiumeru 埋める umeruunpan suru 運搬する hakobuura 裏 ushirouragawa 裏側 ushirourate 裏手 ushiroureshii うれしい ureshiiuru 売る uruurusai うるさい urusaiushinau 失う nakusuushiro 後ろ ushirousui 薄い hosoi/usuiutsu 打つ utsuutsuru 移る ugokuutsusu 移す ugokasuuzumeru うずめる umeru
toojoo suru 搭乗する norutoorai suru 到来する kurutoori 通り michitooru 通る toorutoosho 当初 hajime, saishotootei 到底 zenzentootoo とうとう yattotoreru 取れる torerutoriharau 取り払う torutorihazusu 取り外す torutorikaeru 取り替える kaeru¹torikesu 取り消す torikesutorinozoku 取り除く torutoriyameru 取りやめる torikesutoru 取る eru, torutoshi 都市 machitoshi o toru 年を取る toshi o torutoshi o totte iru 年を取っている furuitoshiue no 年上の furuitoshiyori 年寄り toshiyoritosho 図書 hontotemo とても hijoo ni, zenzentotsujo 突如 kyuu nitotsuzen 突然 kyuu nitottemo とっても hijoo nitou 問う kikutozasu 閉ざす shimerutsuburu つぶる shimerutsudou 集う atsumarutsugeru 告げる shiraserutsui ni ついに yattotsuika suru 追加する tasutsuiraku suru 墜落する ochirutsukareru 疲れる tsukarerutsukau 使う tsukautsukekuwaeru 付け加える tasutsukeru 着ける kiru²tsukeru つける kiru²tsukiatari 突き当たり sakitsukkomu 突っ込む irerutsuku 着く tsuku¹tsuku つく tsuku²
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yononaka 世の中 sekaiyoobi 曜日 hi¹yoofuku 洋服 fukuyooi 用意 junbiyooi na 容易な yasashiiyooji 幼児 kodomo²yoojin suru 用心する ki o tsukeruyooki 陽気 tenkiyoosei suru 要請する tanomuyoosu 様子 jootaiyooyaku ようやく yattoyorokobu 喜ぶ ureshiiyoroshii よろしい iiyoru 夜 yoruyosoku suru 予測する kitai suruyosoo suru 予想する kitai suruyotei 予定 keikakuyu 湯 mizuyuderu ゆでる wakasuyukkuri ゆっくり yukkuriyuku 逝く shinuyume 夢 kibooyurui 緩い yukkuriyusoo suru 輸送する hakobuyuu 言う yuuyuu suru 有する motte iruyuugata 夕方 yoruyuukoku 夕刻 yoruyuushoo suru 優勝する katsuyuusoo suru 郵送する okuruyuzuru 譲る uru
zatsuon 雑音 otozehi ぜひ kanarazuzenbu 前部 maezenbu 全部 minnazen’in 全員 minnazenpoo 前方 maezenshoo suru 全焼する moeruzentai 全体 minnazenzen 全然 zenzenzesei suru 是正する naosu²
wabiru わびる ayamaruwafuku 和服 fukuwakame わかめ kaisoowakaru 分かる wakaru¹, wakaru²wakasu 沸かす wakasuwareru 割れる kowareruwari to 割と kanariwaru 割る kowasuwataru 渡る wataruwatasu 渡す ageru/kureru
yabun 夜分 yoruyabureru 敗れる makeruyaburu 破る katsu, kowasuyagai 野外 sotoyakamashii やかましい urusaiyakan 夜間 yoruyakedo suru やけどする moeru, moyasuyakeru 焼ける moeruyaku 焼く ageru, moyasuyameru やめる tomeru, torikesuyameru 辞める yameruyamu やむ tomaruyarikata やり方 hoohooyaru やる ageru/kureru, suruyasashii 易しい yasashiiyaseru やせる hosoi/usuiyasumi 休み yasumiyatsu やつ hitoyatsura やつら hitoyatte kuru やってくる kuruyatto やっと yattoyaya やや sukoshiyoboo suru 予防する fuseguyobu 呼ぶ yobuyogore 汚れ gomiyoi よい iiyokeru よける sakeruyoki suru 予期する kitai suruyokogiru 横切る wataruyoku よく yokuyonaka 夜中 yoru
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zettai 絶対 kanarazuzettai ni 絶対に kanarazuzonjiru 存じる omou/kangaeruzoodai suru 増大する fueruzooka saseru 増加させる fuyasu
zooka suru 増加する fueruzookin ぞうきん nunozuibun 随分 kanarizuihitsu 随筆 ronbunzukan 図鑑 hon
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advantage take advantage of tsukauadvise shiraseruaffair state of affairs jootaiaffected become affected kandoo suruafraid feel afraid kowaiafternoon late afternoon yoruafterwards shortly afterwards suguage (n) deteriorate due to age toshi o toruage (v) toshi o toruaged become aged toshi o toruago not long ago saikin not so long ago sakkiahead area ahead maeaid (n) give as aid tetsudauaid (v) tetsudauairline ticket kippualarming abunaialert be on the alert ki o tsukeruall minna at all times itsumo
a bit sukoshia certain amount sukoshia certain number sukoshia few sukoshia little sukoshia lot kanari, yoku quite a lot kanaria moment ago sakkia short while ago sakkia small amount sukoshiabandon tomeruabsolutely kanarazuabsolutely (not) zenzenacceptable iiachievement(s) seisekiaching tsuraiacquire eru, oboeruacross cut across wataru go across wataruaction wrong action machigaiactual conditions jootaiactual situation jootaiadd tasuadd together tasuadditional chigauadhere tsuku²admirable subarashiiadmission ticket kippuadvanced become more advanced hattatsu suru
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appearance jootaiapply mooshikomuapply for mooshikomuapproach (v) chikazukuarduous tsuraiarea chihoo, hoomen neighbouring area chikakuarea ahead maearea around chikakuarea behind ushiroarea below sokoarea by chikakuarea in front maearea nearby chikakuarea opposite maearea straight in front maearea underneath sokoarea very close to chikakuarise okiruarms bukiaroma nioi/niouaround area around chikaku go around mawaruaround the middle nakabaarrangement planned arrangement keikakuarrive kuru, tsuku¹artful joozu naarticle ronbunartist’s brush hakeas a matter of urgency hayakuas a rule futsuuashamed feel ashamed hazukashiiask kiku, tanomuask a question kikuaspect normally hidden ushiroaspiration kibooassassinate korosuassemble atsumaruassign ageru/kureru
in all circumstances itsumoall right iiall the time itsumoalleviate herasualleyway michialmost certainly tabunalong come along kuru go along toorualready imaalter kaeru¹alteration henkaalways itsumo, kanarazuamazed be amazed odorokuambient circumstances jootaiamend naosu²amount kazu a certain amount sukoshi a small amount sukoshiamputate kiru¹amusing okashiiangry become angry okoru feel angry okoru get angry okoruannoyed feel annoyed okoruanswer (n) kotaeanswer (v) kotaeruanticipate kitai suruanticipation kiboo await with anticipation kitai suru wait in anticipation for matsuanxious be anxious about shinpai suruany more (not) any more imaapartment ieapartment block ieapartment house ieapologize ayamaru
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go back iku, kaeru² go back home kaeru² put back modosuback (n) ushiro carry on one’s back katsugubackground ushirobad at heta nabadly done heta nabar (n) nomiyabark (n) kawabarricade (n) kabebarrier kabebashful behave bashfully hazukashii feel bashful hazukashiibasic kihonteki nabastard(s) hitobe (in a place) aru/irube amazed odorokube anxious about shinpai surube brought up nobirube burned down moerube burned out moerube concerned about shinpai surube defeated makerube different chigaube found ikirube given moraube killed shinube of the opinion omou/kangaerube old furuibe on one’s guard ki o tsukerube on the alert ki o tsukerube shocked odorokube similar nirube startled odorokube sure to (do sth) kanarazube surprised odorokube taken aback odorokube taught oboerube understood wakaru²be very fond of suki na
assignment written assignment ronbunassist tetsudauassist in tetsudauassistant teacher senseiat all (not) at all zenzen (none) at all zenzenat all times itsumoat first saishoat last yattoat ordinary times futsuuat present imaat short notice kyuu niat the first opportunity suguattack (v) osouattendance gift okurimonoattention pay due attention ki o tsukeruattire fukuauthor sakkaaverse feel averse kirai naavert sakeruavoid sakeruawait matsuawait with anticipation kitai suruaward (v) ageru/kureruaway break away nigeru do away with toru get away nigeru keep away from sakeru pass away shinu run away nigeru slip away nigeruawkward feel awkward hazukashii
back (adv) come back kaeru², kuru give back kaesu
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become more advanced hattatsu surubecome more intense fuerubecome moved kandoo surubecome narrower chijimubecome officially decided kimarubecome old-looking toshi o torubecome over owarubecome overcome kandoo surubecome ready dekirubecome relatively empty kara nobecome scorched moerubecome shorter chijimubecome singed moerubecome slightly wet nurerubecome smaller chijimubecome stranded tomarubecome stronger fuerubecome terrified kowaibecome thinner hosoi/usuibecome tired tsukarerubecome transformed kawaru become uncrowded kara nobecome unoccupied kara nobecome vacant kara nobecome very close chikazukubecome wet nurerubeginning hajimebehave bashfully hazukashiibehave self-consciously hazukashiibehave shyly hazukashiibehind area behind ushirobeing come into being dekirubelieve omou/kangaerubelow area below sokobenefit use to one’s benefit tsukaubetter ii change for the better kaeru¹ get better naoru
be very surprised odorokube victorious katsube visible mirubeat (v) katsu, utsubecome affected kandoo surubecome aged toshi o torubecome angry okorubecome burned moerubecome champion katsubecome clear wakaru¹become close chikazukubecome close to chikazukubecome cold hieru/hiyasubecome completed dekiru, owarubecome completely destroyed by fire moerubecome crisp kawakubecome cured naorubecome damp nurerubecome decided kimarubecome definitely decided kimarubecome definitely settled kimarubecome detached torerubecome dry kawakubecome empty kara nobecome excessively dry kawakubecome exhausted tsukarerubecome fatigued tsukarerubecome fatter atsui/futoibecome finished dekirubecome fond of suki nabecome formed dekirubecome furious okorubecome glad ureshiibecome greatly increased fuerubecome greatly reduced herubecome happy ureshiibecome healed naorubecome knackered tsukarerubecome known wakaru¹become made dekirubecome metamorphosed kawaru
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build (v) taterubuild up taterubullet train denshabump (v) utsubump into utsu get bumped into utsubunch (n) hitoburn (v) moeru, moyasu be burned down moeru be burned out moeru become burned moeru get burned moeruburn oneself moerubury umerubuy (v) kaubuy in kaubuy up kauby area by chikaku
call off torikesucan see mirucancel torikesucarcass karadacare (n) take care ki o tsukerucarry hakobucarry on one’s back katsugucarry on/over one’s shoulder(s) katsugucarry out surucase in every case minnacause the death of korosucause to reach todokerucease tomaru, tomerucelebratory gift okurimonocentre chuushincertainly almost certainly tabunchampion become champion katsuchanges(s) henka
big ookii get bigger nobiru very big ookiibill (n) foot the bill haraubizarre hen nablanket (v) ooublock (v) fusegu, shimeru, tomerublue (n) out of the blue kyuu niboard (v) norubody karadabody heat ondoboil (v) wakasuboiled rice komeboiling water mizubone suffer a broken bone kowasubook(s) honbooked fully booked ippai noborder (n) hashi²bottom sokoboy otoko no kobranch (n) misebreak (v) kiru¹, kowareru, kowasu suffer a broken bone kowasubreak away nigerubreak free nigerubreak off kowareru, kowasubreak out nigerubreak through kowasubridge hashi¹ railway bridge hashi¹broad and shallow hirataibrother(s) ani/otooto, kyoodai elder brother ani/otooto younger brother ani/otootobrought up be brought up nobirubrush (n) hakebuckwheat noodles men
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cloth nunoclothes fuku Japanese-style clothes fukuclothing fukucold (adj) samui/tsumetai become cold hieru/hiyasu go cold hieru/hiyasucold water mizucollapse (v) ochirucollect atsumerucollide with utsucome kurucome along kurucome back kaeru², kurucome down oriru, sagarucome first katsucome into being dekirucome into contact (with) sawarucome into effect dekirucome off torerucome out torerucome to a standstill tomarucome to an end owarucome to light wakaru¹come to meet aucome to visit hoomon surucome together atsumarucome undone torerucome up to chikazukucomfortable yasashiicomical okashiicommission (v) tanomucommuter pass kippucomplete (v) become completed dekiru, owarucomponent bubuncompose tsukurucomposition ronbunconcern (n) watch with concern miruconcerned be concerned about shinpai suru
change (v) kaeru¹, kawaruchange completely kawaru change for the better kaeru¹character katachi, seikakuchat (v) hanasuchatter (v) hanasucheck (v) kiku, tomeruchild kodomo¹, kodomo²chill (v) hieru/hiyasuchilly samui/tsumetaichoice make a choice erabuchoose erabucircle (v) mawarucircular make a circular tour of mawarucircumstances ambient circumstances jootai in all circumstances itsumo in normal circumstances futsuu under no circumstances zenzencity machiclear (adj) become clear wakaru¹clear (v) tomaru, toruclever joozu naclimate tenkiclimb agaruclose (adj) area very close to chikaku become close chikazuku become close to chikazuku become very close chikazuku move close to chikazukuclose (v) shimaru, shimeru regular closing day yasumiclose blood relative shinsekiclose down shimeruclose kin shinsekiclose off shimeruclosely look closely at miru
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become cured naorucurious hen nacustom traditional custom shuukancut (v) herasu, kiru¹cut across watarucut down kiru¹cut off kiru¹cut up kiru¹cut-off point seigen
dad/Dad otoosandaddy/Daddy otoosandaily life inochidamp (adj) become damp nurerudangerous abunaidate (n) hi¹daughter musume eldest daughter musume second daughter musumeday hi¹ number of days hi¹ regular closing day yasumi several days hi¹ the other day sakki these days saikinday off yasumidaytime hirudeath cause the death of korosudecide become decided kimaru become definitely decided kimaru become officially decided kimarudecide not to go ahead with torikesudecide on erabu, kimerudecision make a decision kimerudecline (v) kotowaru, sagarudecrease (v) herudecrease by half heru
conclusion owaricondition katachiconditions jootai actual conditions jootai weather conditions tenkicondolence gift okurimonoconduct (v) suruconnect musubuconsider omou/kangaeruconsiderable to a considerable degree kanariconsiderably kanariconstantly itsumoconstrain musubuconstraint seigenconstricted tsuraiconstruct (v) tateru, tsukurucontact (n) come into contact (with) sawarucontinually itsumocontract (v) chijimucontribution seisekiconvenience store misecool (adj) samui/tsumetaicool (v) hieru/hiyasucool down hieru/hiyasucorpse karadacorrect (v) kaeru¹, naosu²costume fukucountry return to one’s country kaeru²course hookoocover (v) ooucover entirely ooucrash (v) ochirucrisp (adj) become crisp kawakucrispness lose crispness kawakucross (v) watarucrucial juuyoo nacure (v)
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disagreeable iya nadiscontinue tomeru, torikesudish (n) noodle dishes mendishcloth nunodislike (n) show dislike of kirai nadislike (v) kirai na strongly dislike kirai nadispatch (v) okurudispatch and deliver todokerudissertation ronbundistasteful iya nadistinctive of a distinctive kind tokubetsu na/nodistrict chihoodivergence chigaido (v) suru way of doing (things) hoohoodo a U-turn mawarudo away with torudocile shizuka nadodge sakerudomicile iedonate ageru/kurerudoor doadouble (v) fuerudoubt (n) shitsumondown come down oriru, sagaru cool down hieru/hiyasu cut down kiru¹ go down oriru, sagaru put down korosu, shiku, oku tie down musubudownwards go downwards orirudraw near chikazukudraw up tsukurudream (n) kiboodress (n) fuku Japanese-style dress fuku
decrease sharply herudeep inside nakadeep-fry agerudefeat (v) katsu be defeated makerudefinitely kanarazudefinitely (not) zenzendegree to a considerable degree kanari to a fairly large degree kanari to a surprising degree kanari to some degree sukoshidelay (n) without delay hayakudeliver todokeru dispatch and deliver todokerudepart derudepartment store misedescend orirudesignate erabudestroy become compeletely destroyed by fire moerudetach toru become detached torerudeteriorate due to age toshi o torudetermine kimerudevelop (v) hattatsu suru, nobirudie shinu let die korosudiffer chigaudifference chigaidifferent chigau be different chigau of many different kinds iroiro nadifficult tsuraidifficulty mondai reach after much difficulty tsuku¹digits suujidirection hookoodirt gomi
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virtually empty kara noencyclopedia pictorial encyclopedia honend (n) owari, saki come to an end owaru in the end yattoend (v) owaruend up (being/ doing) yattoengage osou, tanomuenormous ookiienter in writing kaku, mooshikomuentry put in an entry mooshikomuenvelop oouenvirons chikakuerror machigaiescalate fueruescape (v) nigeruessay ronbunestablish taterueven now madaevening yoru early evening yoruevery in every case minna on every occasion itsumoevery single person minnaevery so often tokidokieveryday in the course of everyday routine futsuueveryone minnaeverything minnaexception without exception kanarazuexceptional tokubetsu na/noexclude habukuexecute suruexhaust fan senpuukiexhausted tsukareru become exhausted tsukareruexist motte iruexit (v) deru
drinking place nomiyadrop (v) ochiru, sagarudry (adj) become dry kawaku become excessively dry kawaku extremely dry kawakudry (v) kawakudryness lose dryness kawakudwell ikiru
early evening yoruearly part hajimeearly stage hajimeearn eruearnest majime naearth sekaieasy yasashiieat taberuedge (n) hashi²effect come into effect dekiruelder brother ani/otootoelder sister ane/imootoelderly (n) toshiyorieldest daughter musumeeldest son musukoelect erabuelectric fan senpuukielectric light hikarielectric room fan senpuukielectric train denshaeliminate toruelongated hosoi/usuiembarrassed feel embarrassed hazukashiiembrace (v) motsuemotions kimochiemploy tsukauempty (adj) kara no become empty kara no become relatively empty kara no
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feel embarrassed hazukashiifeel frightened kowaifeel really mad okorufeel self-conscious hazukashiifeel shy hazukashiifeel terrified kowaifeel unwilling kirai nafeeling(s) kimochi have a feeling kimochifemale onna no hito, onna no kofemale sibling(s) ane/imootofence (n) kabefever ondofield(s) hatake rice field hatakefigure (n) hito, suujifill in kakufinal part owarifinal period owarifinally yattofind (v) be found ikirufind to one’s liking suki nafine (adj) chiisai, iifine weather tenkifinish (v) become finished dekirufire (n) become completely destroyed by fire moerufirst at the first opportunity sugu come first katsu for the first time saishofirst of all saishofirst part hajimefit over the top ooufix (v) kimeru, naosu¹, naosu²fixedly look fixedly at miruflake off toreruflame
expand hattatsu suruexpect kitai suruexpeditiously hayakuexploit (v) tsukauexpress (n) densha super express denshaextent to some extent sukoshiextremely hijoo niextremely dry kawaku
facilitate tetsudaufail (n) without fail kanarazufall (v) ochiru, sagarufall in ochirufall over ochirufamily name namaefan (n) senpuuki electric fan senpuuki electric room fan senpuuki exhaust fan senpuuki folding fan senpuuki ventilating fan senpuukifast (adv) hayakufat (adj) atsui/futoi become fatter atsui/futoifather/Father otoosanfatigued become fatigued tsukarerufavourable iifear (n) show fear kowaifear (v) kowaifeed (n) tabemonofeel afraid kowaifeel angry okorufeel annoyed okorufeel ashamed hazukashiifeel averse kirai nafeel awkward hazukashiifeel bashful hazukashii
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furious become furious okorufuture (n) shooraifuture potential shooraifuture prospects of success shoorai
gain (v) eru, fuyasugap chigaigather (v) atsumaru, atsumerugenerally futsuugentleman otoko no hitoget eru, morauget angry okoruget away nigeruget better naoruget bigger nobiruget bumped into utsuget burned moeruget hit utsuget hold of eruget in noruget older toshi o toruget on noru, tsuku²get out deruget out of the way of sakeruget scalded moeruget to tsuku¹get together atsumaruget worked up okorugetting ready junbigift okurimonogigantic ookiigirl onna no kogive ageru/kureru be given moraugive as aid tetsudaugive back kaesugive up tomerugive up the idea of tomerugiven name namaeglad ureshii become glad ureshii
go up in flames moeruflat (adj) hirataiflee nigerufloorcloth nunofluctuation henkafodder tabemonofold (v) orufold up orufolding fan senpuukifond be very fond of suki na become fond of suki nafood(s) tabemonofood supplies tabemonofoot the bill haraufootbridge hashi¹for the first time saishofor the most part futsuuform (n) katachiform (v) become formed dekiruformer teacher senseifounder otoosanfour seasons kisetsufracture (v) kowasufragrance nioi/nioufree (adj) break free nigerufrequently yokufrightened feel frightened kowaifront mae area in front mae area straight in front maefront section maefruits seisekifry agerufull ippai nofull name namaefully booked ippai nofully occupied ippai nofunny okashii
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habit shuukanhabitually futsuuhalf decrease by half heruhalt (v) tomeruhand (n) lend a hand in tetsudauhand over ageru/kureruhandpick erabuhang kakeruhang up kakeruhappen okiruhappy ureshii become happy ureshiihard tsurai stick hard tsuku²have motte iruhave a feeling kimochihave on one’s person motte iruhave with one motte iruheal become healed naoruheat (n) body heat ondohedge kabehelp (v) tetsudauhelp with tetsudauhidden aspect normally hidden ushiro side normally hidden ushirohide (n) kawahijiki kaisoohit (v) utsu get hit utsuhit upon omou/kangaeruhold (n) get hold of eruhold (v) motsu, motte iru, suruholiday yasumi national holiday yasumihome (adv)
glare at mirugo ikugo across watarugo ahead decide not to go ahead with torikesugo along toorugo around mawarugo back iku, kaeru²go back home kaeru²go cold hieru/hiyasugo down oriru, sagarugo downwards orirugo home iku, kaeru²go off derugo out derugo through toorugo to meet augo to visit hoomon surugo up agarugo up in flames moerugo up to chikazukugo via toorugoing-away gift okurimonogood ii, joozu na outstandingly good subarashiigood at joozu nagood(-tasting) oishiigrades seisekigradually dandangrave (adj) majime nagreatly hijoo nigrime gomigroceries tabemonogrow nobiru, tsukurugrow longer nobirugrow old toshi o torugrow up nobiruguard be on one’s guard ki o tsukeruguide (n) illustrated reference guide honguy(s) otoko no hito, hito
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increase twofold fueruindividual (n) hitoinform shiraseruinitially saishoinquire kikuinquiry shitsumon make inquiries kikuinsert (v) ireruinside nakainstantly suguinstructor senseiintense become more intense fueruinterest (n) watch with interest miruinterior nakainterrogative (n) shitsumoninvite yobuissue requiring attention mondaiizakaya nomiya
Japanese-style clothes fukuJapanese-style dress fukujuncture jikanjust lately saikinjust like nirujust now ima, sakki
keep away from sakerukelp kaisookey (adj) juuyoo nakill korosu be killed shinukin shinseki close kin shinsekikind (n) of a distinctive kind tokubetsu na/no of a special kind tokubetsu na/no of many different kinds tokubetsu na/nokiosk miseknackered tsukareru become knackered tsukareru
go back home kaeru² go home iku, kaeru² return home kaeru²home (n) ie parental home ie return to one’s parental home kaeru²hope (n) kiboohope for (v) kitai suruhot water mizuhouse (n) ie move house ugokuhousing iehug (v) motsuhuge ookiihuman being hitohuman race hitohumankind hitohurriedly hayakuhurting tsuraihusband otto
idea give up the idea of tomeruidiosyncracy shuukanillumination(s) hikariillustrated reference guide honimmediately suguimportant juuyoo naimpressive subarashiiimprove naoruin get in noru put in ireruin all circumstances itsumoin every case minnain normal circumstances futsuuin quick time hayakuin the course of everyday routine futsuuin the end yattoincinerate moyasuincrease (v) fueru, fuyasu, nobiru become greatly increased fueru
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come to light wakaru¹ electric light hikarilight fitting hikarilighting hikarilike (adj) just like nirulike (v) suki nalike very much suki nalikelihood the likelihood is that tabunliking find to one’s liking suki na take a liking to suki nalimit(s) seigenlimitations seigenline (n) place in a line oku put in a line okulitter (n) gomilittle (adj) chiisailittle by little dandanlive (v) ikirulivelihood inochiliving (n) make a living ikiruliving place ielong (adj) grow longer nobiru not long ago saikin not so long ago sakkilong and narrow hosoi/usuilong and thin hosoi/usuilonger (no) longer imalook at mirulook closely at mirulook fixedly at mirulose makeru, nakusulose crispness nurerulose dryness nurerulose weight hosoi/usuiloss
knock on utsuknot (v) musubuknow become known wakaru¹ let know shiraseru
ladies’ onna no hitolady onna no hito old lady toshiyori young lady onna no koland (n) patch of land hatakelarge to a fairly large degree kanarilarge-scale ookiilate afternoon yorulate at night yorulately saikinlaver kaisoolay (v) okulay out okulay underground umerulearn oboeruleast (not) in the least zenzenleave (v) deru, yameruleave out habukulecturer senseilend a hand in tetsudaulesson take lessons in benkyoo surulet die korosulet know shiraserulevel (adj) hiratailife inochi daily life inochi way of life inochilife cycle inochilifespan inochilifestyle inochilifetime inochilight(s) hikari
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come to meet au go to meet aumeet up with aumend naosu¹men’s otoko no hitometamorphosed become metamorphosed kawarumethod hoohoometropolis machimid-(thirties etc) nakabamiddle chuushin, nakaba around the middle nakabamiddle of the night yorumiddle ten-day period nakabamid-year gift okurimonomind (n) make up one’s mind kimerumistake (n) machigaimixed iroiro namoment a moment ago sakkimood kimochimost important juuyoo namother/Mother okaasanmove (v) ugokasu, ugokumove close to chikazukumove house ugokumoved become moved kandoo surumovement henkamow kiru¹much takusan (not) much amari (not) so much amari very much hijoo nimum/Mum okaasanmummy/Mummy okaasanmurder (v) korosumystifying hen na
name (n) namae family name namae
suffer the loss of nakusuloud urusailovely subarashiilower herasulukewarm samui/tsumetai
mad feel really mad okorumagnificent subarashiimail (n) send by mail okurumajor (adj) ookiimake (v) oru, tsukuru become made dekirumake a choice erabumake a circular tour of mawarumake a decision kimerumake a living ikirumake a stop tomarumake a turn mawarumake inquiries kikumake up one’s mind kimerumake use of tsukaumale otoko no hito, otoko no komale sibling(s) ani/otootoman otoko no hito old man otoosan, toshiyori young man otoko no komanufacture tsukurumany takusan (not) so many amarimarks seisekimarvellous subarashiimaster (n) senseimaster (v) oboerumasterly subarashiimaterial nunomature (v) nobirumeal shokujimeans hoohoomeasure (n) hoohoomeet atsumaru, au
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(not) in the least zenzennot long ago saikin(not) much amari(not) possibly zenzen(not) so amarinot so long ago sakki(not) so many amari(not) so much amari(not) very amari(not) yet madanotice at short notice kyuu ninotify shiraserunow ima even now mada just now ima, sakkinumber(s) kazu, suuji a certain number sukoshi registration number suujinumber of days hi¹number of people kazunumbered ticket kippunumeral suujinumerous takusan
observe miruobstacle kabeobtain eruobverse maeoccasion on every occasion itsumooccasionally very occasionally tokidokioccupied fully occupied ippai nooccur okiruodd hen naodour nioi/niouof a distinctive kind tokubetsu na/noof a special kind tokubetsu na/noof late saikinof many different kinds iroiro na
full name namae given name namaenarrow hosoi/usui become narrower chijimu long and narrow hosoi/usuinarrow street michinasty iya nanational holiday yasuminative (adj) return to one’s native place kaeru²near draw near chikazukunearby area nearby chikakuneighbourhood chikakuneighbouring area chikakunever kanarazu, zenzenNew Year gift okurimononice very nice subarashiinight yoru late at night yoru middle of the night yorunight-time yoruno under no circumstances zenzen(no) longer imano longer young furuinoise otonoisy urusai(none) at all zenzennoodle dishes mennoodles men buckwheat noodles men wheat noodles mennormal in normal circumstances futsuu return to normal operation naorunormally futsuunot a problem ii(not) any more ima(not) at all zenzen
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orbit (v) mawaruorder (n) junbanordinary at ordinary times futsuuordinarily futsuuorientation hookooother chigau the other day sakkiother people hitoother side ushiroout soto break out nigeru carry out suru come out toreru get out deru get out of the way of sakeru go out deru lay out oku leave out habuku put out oku slip out nigeru take out toru tired out tsukareru wash out toreru worn out tsukareruout of the blue kyuu nioutdoors sotooutlet miseoutset hajimeoutside sotooutstandingly good subarashiiover (adj) become over owaruover (adv) fall over ochiru fit over the top oou hand over ageru/kureru place over oou place over the top oou take over kau topple over ochiruovercome (adj)
off call off torikesu come off toreru cut off kiru¹ flake off toreru go off deru peel off toreru seal off shimeru sell off uru take off toru wear off toreruoften yoku every so often tokidokiokay (adj) anzen na, iiold furui be old furui become old-looking toshi o toru get older toshi o toru grow old toshi o toru sound old toshi o toruold lady toshiyoriold man otoosan, toshiyoriold people toshiyoriold person toshiyoriold woman toshiyoriomit habukuon get on noru, tsuku² put on kiru² touch on sawaruon every occasion itsumoopen (v) aku, akeruopen air sotoopen out akuoperation return to normal operation naoruopinion be of the opinion omou/kangaeruopportunity at the first opportunity suguopposite area opposite mae
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other people hitoperform suruperiod jikan final period owari middle ten-day period nakabaperish shinuperson hito every single person minna old person toshiyori young person kodomo²personal qualities seikakupersonality seikakupick (v) erabupick up oboerupictorial encyclopedia honpicture (n) true picture jootaiplace (n) junban, mise drinking place nomiya living place ie return to one’s native place kaeru² take place okiruplace in a line okuplace in a row okuplace loosely over oouplace on top of okuplace over the top oouplacid shizuka naplan(s) keikakuplanned arrangement keikakuplatform ticket kippuplease (adv) kanarazuplentiful takusanpoint (n) cut-off point seigenpoint in time jikanpoor heta napoor at heta naposition (n) junbanpossess motte irupossibly (not) possibly zenzen
become overcome kandoo suruoverpass hashi¹ pedestrian overpass hashi¹ railway overpass hashi¹own (v) motte iru
paddy rice paddy hatakepainful tsuraipan-fry agerupaper (n) ronbun term paper ronbunparched kawakuparent(s) oyaparental home ie return to one’s parental home kaeru²part (n) bubun early part hajime final part owari first part hajime for the most part futsuupass (n) commuter pass kippupass away shinupass through toorupasture hatakepat (v) utsupatch of land hatakepath michipay (v) haraupay a visit hoomon surupay due attention ki o tsukerupay for as a treat kaupeculiar hen napedestrian overpass hashi¹peek at mirupeek into mirupeel (n) kawapeel off torerupeople hito, sekai number of people kazu old people toshiyori
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put down korosu, shiku, okuput in ireruput in a formal request for mooshikomuput in a line/row okuput in a request for mooshikomuput in an entry mooshikomuput into practice suruput on kiru²put on general sale uruput on top of okuput on weight atsui/futoiput out okupuzzling hen na
quality personal qualities seikakuquantity kazuquery (n) shitsumonquestion (n) shitsumon ask a question kiku put a question kikuquestioning shitsumonquick in quick time hayakuquickly hayakuquiet (adj) shizuka naquite kanariquite a lot kanari
raid (v) osourailway bridge hashi¹railway overpass hashi¹ranking junbanrapidly hayakurather kanarireach (v) cause to reach todokerureach after much time/difficulty tsuku¹ready (adj) become ready dekiru getting ready junbireally kanarazu
post (v) okuru potential future potential shooraipractice shuukan put into practice suru traditional social practice shuukanprecautions take due precautions ki o tsukeruprecious juuyoo napredict kitai surupredisposition shuukanpreparation(s) junbiprepare tsukuruprepare oneself for kitai surupresent (adj) the present time ima the present writer sakkapresent (n) okurimonopresent (v) ageru/kurerupretty (adv) kanariprevent fuseguprice(s) nedanprobably tabunproblem mondai not a problem iiproduce (v) tsukuruproficient joozu naprogressively dandanproject (n) keikakuproject (v) kitai surupromptly hayakupropensity shuukanprospects future prospects of success shooraiprovisions tabemonoprudent anzen napub nomiyapunch (v) utsupurchase (v) kauput ireruput a question kikuput back modosu
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rescue (v) tasukeruresearcher senseiresemble niruresemble each other nirureside ikiruresidence ieresign yameruresolve (v) kimerurespond kotaeruresponse kotaerestaurant mise specialist restaurant miserestore naosu¹restriction seigenresults seisekiretire yameruretrace one’s steps kaeru²return (v) kaeru², kaesureturn home kaeru²return to one’s country kaeru²return to one’s native place kaeru²return to normal operation naorureturn to one’s parental home kaeru²rice kome boiled rice komerice field hatakerice paddy hatakeride (v) norurim hashi²rind (n) kawarise (v) agaruroad(s) michiroadway michirotate mawaruround (adv) turn round mawaruroutine (n) in the course of everyday routine futsuurow (n) place in a row oku put in a row okurubbish gomi
rear (n) ushirorear section ushiroreceipt take receipt of moraureceive moraurecently saikin, sakkirecord (n) seiseki track record seisekirecord in writing kakurecount (v) hanasurecover naorurectify naosu²reduce herasu become greatly reduced herurefer to sawarureference illustrated reference guide honreform (n) henkarefund (v) kaesurefuse (n) gomirefuse (v) kotowaruregion(s) chihooregistration number suujiregular closing day yasumireject (v) kotowarurejoice ureshiirelate hanasurelative (n) shinseki close blood relative shinsekirelieve tasukeruremains karadaremit (v) okururemove torurendezvous (v) aurepair (v) naosu¹repay kaesureply (n) kotaereply (v) kotaerurequest (n) put in a request for mooshikomurequest (v) tanomurescind torikesu
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sever kiru¹several days hi¹several times yokushallow broad and shallow hirataishape (n) katachisharply decrease sharply heruship (v) okurushocked be shocked odorokushop (n) mise specialist shop miseshort a short while ago sakki at short notice kyuu ni become shorter chijimushortly afterwards sugushoulder (n) carry on/over one’s shoulder(s) katsugushow dislike of kirai nashow fear kowaishow unwillingness kirai nashrink chijimushy (adj) behave shyly hazukashii feel shy hazukashiisibling(s) kyoodai female sibling(s) ane/imooto male sibling(s) ani/otootoside (n) other side ushiroside normally hidden ushirosight (n) katachisignificant ookiisilent shizuka nasimilar be similar niru very similar nirusimple yasashiisinge moyasu become singed moeru
run away nigerurun into au
safe (adj) anzen na, iisale put on general sale urusave tasukerusay yuuscald (v) moyasu get scalded moeruschedule keikakuscorch moyasu become scorched moeruseal off shimeruseason (n) kisetsuseason ticket kippuseaweed kaisoosecond daughter musumesecond son musukosection front section mae rear section ushirosecure (v) erusee au, miru can see mirusee around miruselect (v) erabuself-conscious behave self-consciously hazukashii feel self-conscious hazukashiisell urusell off urusend okurusend by mail okurusend off okurusensation kimochiseparate (adj) chigausequence junbanserious majime naserious-minded majime nasettle become definitely settled kimaru
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specialist shop misespeedily hayakuspend tsukausplit (v) kowareru, kowasustage (n) early stage hajimestain (n) gomistand (n) misestand by matsustandstill come to a standstill tomarustare at mirustart (n) hajimestart (v) akerustartled be startled odorokustate (n) jootai true state jootaistate (v) yuustate formally in writing kakustate of affairs jootaistatistic suujisteam train denshastep (n) retrace one’s steps kaeru²stick (v) ireru, tsuku²stick hard tsuku²stick together tsuku²still (adv) madastir-fry (v) agerustop (n) make a stop tomarustop (v) tomaru, tomerustopping train denshastore (n) mise convenience store mise department store misestraight away sugustranded become stranded tomarustrange hen nastreet michi
sister(s) ane/imooto, kyoodai elder sister ane/imooto younger sister ane/imootosituation jootai actual situation jootaiskilful joozu naskin (n) kawaskip (v) habukuslender hosoi/usuislightly sukoshislip (n) machigaislip away nigeruslip out nigeruslow (adj) yukkurislowly yukkurismack (v) utsusmall chiisai a small amount sukoshi become smaller chijimusmell (n) nioi/niou strong smell nioi/niousmell (v) nioi/niousnap (v) kowareruso (not) so amarisolution kotaesometimes tokidokison musuko eldest son musume second son musukosoon sugusore tsuraisound (n) otosound old toshi o toruspacious ookiispare (v) tasukerusparse hosoi/usuispeak hanasuspeaker senseispecial tokubetsu na/no of a special kind tokubetsu na/nospecialist restaurant mise
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take a walk arukutake advantage of tsukautake care ki o tsukerutake due precautions ki o tsukerutake lessons in benkyoo surutake off torutake out torutake over kautake place okirutake receipt of morautaken aback be taken aback odorokutalk (v) hanasutalk about hanasutap (v) utsutask (n) unresolved task mondaitea towel nunoteach be taught oboeruteacher senseitechnique hoohootell shiraseru, yuutell about hanasutemperature ondo water temperature ondoten-day period middle ten-day period nakabaterm paper ronbunterminate owaruterribly hijoo niterrified become terrified kowai feel terrified kowaitether musubuthe earth sekaithe elderly toshiyorithe likelihood is that tabunthe other day sakkithe present time imathe present writer sakkathe whole minna
narrow street michistrike (v) osou, utsustroll (n) take a stroll arukustrong become stronger fuerustrong in joozu nastrong smell nioi/nioustrongly dislike kirai nastudy (v) benkyoo surusubsist ikirusuddenly kyuu nisuffer a broken bone kowasusuffer the loss of nakususun hi²sunakku nomiyasunlight hi²sunshine hi²super express denshasupermarket misesupplies food supplies tabemonosupply (n) water supply mizusupport (v) tetsudausure be sure to (do sth) kanarazusurname namaesurprised be surprised odoroku be very surprised odorokusurprising to a surprising degree kanarisuspend kakeruswell (v) fueruswitch (n) henkaswitch (v) kaeru¹, kawarusystem hoohoo
taciturn shizuka natake a liking to suki natake a stroll aruku
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to some degree sukoshito some extent sukoshitoday kyootogether come together atsumaru get together atsumaru stick together tsuku²top (n) place on top of oku place over the top oou put on top of okutopple over ochirutotally zenzentouch (v) sawarutouch on sawarutour (n) make a circular tour of mawarutowel tea towel nunotown machitrack record seisekitractable shizuka natraditional custom shuukantraditional social practice shuukantrain (n) densha Bullet Train densha electric train densha steam train densha stopping train denshatransform (v) become transformed kawarutransport (v) hakobutravel across watarutreat (n) pay for as a treat kautreat (v) kautremendously hijoo nitrue picture jootaitrue state jootaitrying tsuraiturn (n) junban do a U-turn mawaru
these days saikinthesis ronbunthick atsui/futoithick wheat noodles menthin (adj) hosoi/usui become thinner hosoi/usui long and thin hosoi/usui wear thin toreruthin wheat noodles menthink omou/kangaeruthink about omou/kangaeruthink of omou/kangaeruthink up omou/kangaeruthrough go through tooru pass through tooruticket kipputie (v) musubutie down musubutie tightly musubutie up musubutightly tie tightly musubutime (n) jikan all the time itsumo at all times itsumo at ordinary times futsuu for the first time saisho in quick time hayaku point in time jikan reach after much time yoku several times tsuku¹ the present time imatime of year kisetsutip (n) sakitired become tired tsukarerutired out tsukarerutitle namaeto a considerable degree kanarito a fairly large degree kanarito a surprising degree kanari
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meet up with au pick up oboeru think up omou/kangaeru tie up musubuupsetting iya naurgency as a matter of urgency hayakuuse (n) make use of tsukauuse (v) tsukauuse to one’s benefit tsukauusually futsuuU-turn do a U-turn mawaru
vacant become vacant kara novaried iroiro navarious iroiro navary chigau, kawaruvarying iroiro navast ookiiventilating fan senpuukivery hijoo ni (not) very amarivery big ookiivery much hijoo nivery nice subarashiivery occasionally tokidokivery similar niruveto (v) kotowaruvia go via tooruvicinity chikakuvictorious be victorious katsuvirtually empty kara novisible be visible miruvisit (n) pay a visit hoomon suruvisit (v) hoomon suru
make a turn mawaruturn (v) mawaruturn round mawarutwofold increase twofold fueru
uncomfortable tsuraiuncrowded become uncrowded kara nounder no circumstances zenzenunderground lay underground umeruunderneath area underneath sokounderstand wakaru² be understood wakaru²undone come undone toreruunfold hattatsu suruunharmed anzen naunhurriedly yukkuriunhurt iiunoccupied become unoccupied kara nounpleasant iya naunresolved task mondaiunskilful heta naunusual hen naunwilling feel unwilling kirai naunwillingness show unwillingness kirai naup come up to chikazuku cut up kiru¹ draw up tsukuru end up (being/doing) yatto fold up oru give up tomeru give up the idea of tomeru go up agaru go up to chikazuku
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lose weight hosoi/usui put on weight atsui/futoiwet (adj) become slightly wet nureru become wet nureruwheat wheat noodles menwhile a short while ago sakkiwhole the whole minnawife tsumawin (v) eru, katsuwish (n) kiboowither shinuwithout delay hayakuwithout exception kanarazuwithout fail kanarazuwoman onna no hito old woman toshiyori young woman onna no kowomen’s onna no hitoworked up get worked up okoruworld sekaiworn out tsukareruworry (v) shinpai suruworry about shinpai suruwrite kakuwrite down kakuwriter sakka the present writer sakkawriting enter in writing kaku, mooshikomu record in writing kaku state formally in writing kakuwriting-brush hakewritten assignment ronbunwrong action machigai
year time of year kisetsu
come to visit hoomon suru go to visit hoomon suruvisiting gift okurimonovital juuyoo na
wait (v) matsuwait for matsuwait in anticipation for matsuwakame kaisoowalk (n) take a walk arukuwalk (v) arukuwall kabewarm (adj) atatakaiwarm water mizuwarm-hearted atatakaiwash out toreruwatch (v) miruwatch over miruwatch with concern miruwatch with interest miruwater (n) mizu boiling water mizu cold water mizu hot water mizu warm water mizuwater supply mizuwater temperature ondoway hoohoo, michi get out of the way of sakeruway of doing (things) hoohooway of life inochiweak in heta naweapon bukiweaponry bukiwear (v) wear off toreruwear thin toreruweather (n) tenki fine weather tenkiweather conditions tenkiweight
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young person kodomo²young woman onna no koyounger brother ani/otootoyounger sister ane/imooto
zone chihoo
year-end gift okurimonoyet (not) yet madayoung no longer young furuiyoung lady onna no koyoung man otoko no ko
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