index about contributors

7/28/2019 Index about Contributors

1/10

I ndex

AAbe r r a t ion

in in t e r f e r om e te r sc h r o m a t i c , 1 2 2 , 1 2 4 - 1 2 5 , 1 4 7coma, 122, 124g r a v i ty i n d u c e d , 1 3 8 - 1 4 0

in l e ns f o r a tom sa s t igm a t i c , 180c h r om a t i c , 180dif fus ive , 181spher ica l , 180

a c S t ar k sh if t, 2 8 1 , 2 8 6 , 3 6 8 , 3 7 7 - 3 7 8 , 3 8 1 - 3 8 8A d i a b a t i c

a pp r ox im a t ion , 175e l im ina t ion , 259 , 377r a p id pa s sa ge , 289t r a n s f e r , 3 8 1 - 3 8 9 . See also Da r k s t a t e

a c S ta r k s h i ft s i n, 3 8 1 - 3 8 2cr i te r ion , 384ef f ic iency, 383i n a t o m i n t e rf e r o m e t er , 3 8 5 - 3 8 9i n te n s i ty s e n s i t iv i t y o f , 3 8 1 - 3 8 2t h eo r y of , 3 8 2 - 3 8 5

A h a r o n o v - B o h m e f f ec t , 2 8 8 , 3 4 0sca la r e f fec t , 340, 343

A h a r o n o v - C a s h e r e f f e c t , 7 3 , 2 8 6 , 3 4 3Al i a s ing . See S e l f - i m a g eA n a n d a n f o r ce , 7 5Ant i f r i nge s . See F r inge s , r e ve r se dA n o m a l o u s t r a n s m i s s i o n , 1 1 4Ar c h i t e c tu r e o f i n t e r f e r om e te r s . See

I n t e r f e r om e te r , a r c h i t e c tu r e o fA r g o n . See also A t o m i c b e a m

le ve l s c he m e , 87t r a ns i t i on c oup l ing s t r e ng ths , 88

A t o m g r a ti n g . See G r a t i n g , f o r m e d b y m a t t e rw a v e

Atom in t e r f e r om e te r . See I n t e r f e r om e te r , a tomA t o m l as er , 2 0 5 - 2 1 3 , 2 8 9

a na log y to t h r e sho ld l e s s l a se r , 211

B o s e e n h a n c e m e n t f a c t o r, 2 1 1c o m p a r i s o n w i t h B o s e - E i n s t e i n c o n d e n s a t i o n ,

21 3ga in , 207m o d e c o m p e t i ti o n , 2 1 1p h o t o n r e a b s o r p t i o n , 2 1 3th r e sho ld be ha v io r , 211t h r e s h o ld p u m p r a te , 2 1 2

A t o m l i th o g r a p h y . See L i t h o g r a p h y , a t o mA t o m - p h o t o n p a i r sc o r r e l a t i on . See C o r r e l a ti o n , a t o m - p h o t o nEP R e xpe r im e n t s w i th , 201disc re te space for , 200ident i f ica t ion , 199

Atom r e sona to r . See C a v i ty , f o r m a t t e r wa ve sA t o m w a v e p a c k et

c u r r e n t , 264gr oup ve loc i ty , 266

A t o m a s e r . See A t o m l a se rA t o m i c b e a m

br ightness of , 124, 141, 144de f l e c t ion due to pho ton r e c o i l , 37 , 57l as e r c o o l ed , 3 2 2 - 3 2 6o f A r, 8 8 - 9 0

de te c t ion , 90op t i c a l pum ping , 7 , 56sou r c e

c ohe r e n t , 289for Ar , 89for K, 144, 145for Na , 143, 144f o r N e , 1 5 3ove n , 140 , 141 , 145supe r son ic , 5us ing l a se r c oo l ing a n d t r a pp ing , 148 , 156us ing ve loc i ty s e l e c t ion , 141

sp in po la r i z a t ion , 7ve loc i ty sp r e a d , 31

A t o m i c c l o c k , 3 5 4A t o m i c m a s s m e a s u r e m e n t . See R e c o i l , sh i f t,

m e a s u r e m e n t o f4 6 9


2/10

4 7 0 I n d e x

BB e a m , a t o m i c . S ee A t o m i c b e a mB e a m c o m b i n e r. S ee a l s o In t e r fe rome t e r , a t om;

G ra t i ng , d i f f r a c ti on , fo r a t om sus i ng l i gh t , 10 , 11 ,101 ,304us i ng me c ha n i c a l g ra t i ng , 94 , 95 ,257

Be a m, mol e c u l a r . S e e M o l e c u l a r b e a mBe a m sp l i tt e r fo r ma t t e r w a ve s

di ff rac t ive , 257genera l ized, 257us i ng l i gh t

de pe nde n c e on pho t on s t a ti s ti c s o f l igh t ,1 0 6 - 1 0 7i n R a m a n - N a t h a p p r o x i m a t i o n , 3 0 9

of f - re sona nc e , 102on- re sona nc e , 114princ iple , 297, 301p u l s ed v e rs i o n , 3 0 5 - 3 0 7runn i ng w a ve f i e l d , 262 , 296 , 301 ,304s t an d i n g w a v e f ie ld , 1 0 0 - 1 0 3 , 1 9 5 , 2 9 6 ,

3 0 7 , 4 0 7 , 4 0 8t he o re t ic a l de sc r ip t i on , 30 4 - 310t ype s , 296us i ng da rk re sona nc e , 296us i ng Ra m a n t r a ns i ti on , 296

using mechanica l gra t ing, 10 , 11 , 94 , 257,408 . S ee a l s o In t e r fe rom e t e r , a tom ;Gra t ing, d i f f rac t ion

B e r r y ' s p h a s e. S ee P ha se , ge ome t r i c a lB l a c k b o d y r a d i at io n , 3 3 5 , 3 5 6Bloch s ta tes , 207B o r d 6 i n t e rf e r o m e t e r . S e e I n t e r f e r o m e t e r ,

B o r d 6Bose -E i ns t e i n c onde nsa t i on , 289B r a g g . See a l so A t o m l a se r

a ng l e , 258c o n d i ti o n , 2 5 8 , 3 0 8di ffrac t ion

f i rs t order , 2 60se c ond o rde r , 260

s c a tt e ri n g o f m a t t e r w a v e s, 1 1 2 - 1 1 7 , 413,46 2

t i me -de pe nde n t , 116

CCa l c i um, 318 , 351 . S ee a l s o A t o m i c b e a m ;

F re q ue nc y , s t a nda rdd i p o l e m o m e n t , 3 38

po l a r i z a b i l it y , 3 34use in in te rfe romete r , 318

Ca sc a de t r a ns it i on . S ee Thre e - l e ve l sys t e mCa v i t yf o r m a t t e r w a v e s , 2 0 6 , 2 0 8 - 2 1 0

loss , 209m o d e s, 2 0 8 - 2 1 0qua l i ty fac tor , 209

C o h e r e n c efunc t i on , t r a nsve rse

def in i t ion , 191m e a s u r e m e n t o f, 1 9 2

length , 3 l , 32 , 302of ma t t e r w a ve s , 53loss due to sca t te r ing, 55 , 60 , 107, 194

re c ove ry t h r , ough se l e c ti ve obse rva t i on , 61s p in , 2 4 0 , 2 4 3 , 2 4 5 , 2 4 7 , 2 4 8 , 2 4 9 , 2 5 1. S e e

al so In t e r fe rome t e r , S t e rn G e r l a c hc r it e ri a fo r m a i n t e n a n c e o f , 2 4 6 - 2 4 8 , 2 5 1de f i n i t i on , 243 ,249for a rbi t ra ry spin , 249, 250l os s o f , 244 , 245 ,248 , 251t i me de pe nde nc e o f , 245

Col l e l a , O ve rha use r , a nd W e rne r (CO W ) t ypee xpe r i me n t s . S ee Ine r t ia l sens ing us ingi n t e r fe rome t e r s

C o l l i m a t o r , 1 2 2 - 1 2 8t h rough -pu t l i mi t a t i on s e t by , 123

Compl e me n t a r i t y , 218 , 219 , 222 , 232 , 253 ,3 4 9 - 3 5 1

a n d W e l ch er W eg i n fo rma t i on , 222 , 232use d t o e xp l a i n c ohe re nc e l o s s , 53 , 56 , 222 ,

232Con t ra s t in m a t t e r w a ve i n t e r fe rom e t e r . S e e

In t e r fe rome t e r , a t om, c on t ra s t i nCon t ra s t i n te r fe rome t ry . S ee In t e r fe rome t ry ,

c on t ra s tCor i o l i s a c c e l e ra ti on . S ee Ine r t ia l sens ing us ing

i n t e r fe rome t e r sCor re l a t i on

a t o m - p h o t o n , 1 9 0fi rs t -order , 219func t i on

f o r s i n g l e- p h o t o n c o u n t in g , 2 2 0 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 2f o r t w o - p h o t o n c o u n t i n g , 2 2 4

of s i gna l s a t d i f f e re n t de t e c to r s , 223 , 224 ,2 2 6 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 8se c ond-o rde r , 218t w o - a t o m , 1 6 4

intens i ty of , 164spe c t rum o f , 165


3/10

I n d e x 4 7 1

C o w ley and M o o d ie . S ee Fou r ier ser ies , use inTalbo t e f fec t

C u r v ed sp ace - time . S e e Dirac equat ion

Dar k s t a t e , 3 8 4 - 3 8 9 . S ee a l s o Adiabat ic ,t ransfer

De lay ed ch o ice , 2 2 2de Brogl ie

wav e . S ee M at te r wav ewav e len g th , 1 2 5 , 1 3 8 - 1 3 9 , 2 9 4 , 3 0 0

as funct ion o f mass and v e loc i ty , 125scal ing of f r inge pa t te rn in Talbo t e f fec tw i t h, 1 2 5 , 1 3 3 - 1 3 5

de Si t te r p recession , 286Dif feren t ia l fo rce in ter ferometry . S ee

I n t e r f e r o me t r yDif f rac t ion of mat ter waves

Bragg . S ee Bragg , d i f f rac tionby beam split ter . S ee Beam sp l i t te r fo r mat ter

w a v e sd y n amica l t h eo r y o f, 1 1 3 ,2 6 2Fr au n h o f e r , 1 2 2 - 1 2 8 ,4 0 7 , 4 1 4 , 4 1 6 , 4 6 2

order , e f fec t o f over lapping , 12 4-1 26Fresnel , 122 , 124 , 408 , 413 , 415

by a f inite grating, 131Kircho f f in tegra l fo r , 12 2 , 127 , 129 ,

1 4 8 - 1 5 0 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 9parabol ic approxim at ion , 127 , 139 , 419

wi th a sp a t i a l ly - v a r y in g p o ten t i a l ,1 3 8 - 1 3 9

pattern, 13, 41, 1 97. S ee a l s o In ter ference ,pa t te rn

conditional, 198p r o d u ced b y o v e r l ap o f F r au n h o f e r o r d e r s ,

1 2 6 - 1 2 9visibil i ty , 194

using l ight. S e e B eam sp l i tt e r f o r ma t t e rwaves, using l igh t

using mechanica l g ra t ing . S ee B eam sp l i tt e rf o r ma t t e r wav es , u s in g mech an ica lgra t ing

Dif f rac t ion gra t ing . S ee Grat ing , d i f f rac tionDipole forceinduced, 177D i p o l e m o m e n t

e lec t r ic , measurement o f in weak t ransi t ion ,337

optical , 304

Di r ac equ a t io n , 2 8 1 - 2 8 4 . S ee a l s o Iner t ia lsensing using in ter ferometers

coupled equat ions, 283curved space- t ime in , 283e ig h t co mp o n en t i so sp in o r i n , 2 8 3genera l ized connect ion in , 283sp inor ia l connect ion in , 283tetrad f ield in, 283te t rad or vierbein in, 283th eo r y o f g rav i ty in , 2 8 4 - 2 8 5

D o p p l e rdephasing- rephasing process , 415 , 416 , 424 ,

426 , 437p h ase , 4 1 1 , 4 1 5 ,4 2 6 , 4 4 0shif t , 306, 364, 372

seco n d - o r d e r , 3 0 6 , 3 2 6 - 3 2 7transverse , 268use in se lec t ing co ld a tom s, 141u se o f i n H e i sen b e r g mic r o sco p e

d eco h e r en ce ex p e r imen t , 1 45Dressed s ta te , 176

mixing , 234 , 237 , 239Dy n am ic v e lo c ity co mp r ess io n , 1 48

E in s t e in - Po d o l sk y - R o sen ( EPR )exper iment , wi th a tom-photon pa i r s , 201

Elec t r ic d ipo le coupl ing . S e e In terac t ion ,e lec t r ic d ipo le

Elec t r ic d ipo le in terac t ion . S e e In terac t ion ,e lec t r ic d ipo le

E lec t ri c d ip o le mo m en t . S e e D i p o l e m o m e n t ,e lec t r ic

Elec t r ic po lar izab i l i ty . S ee Polar izab i l i ty ,electr ic

E n e r g y - m o m e n t u mbalance , 268diagrams, 260tensor , a tomic , 285

Entangled s ta tes , 53 , 61 ,190 , 222 , 226involv ing mul t ip le par t ic les , 202Gr een b e r g e r - H o r n e - Ze i l in g e r st a te , 2 0 4

Equivalence pr inc ip le , 286and par i ty , 290Eraser , 222 , 224 , 226 , 227co u n t s o f , 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 ,2 2 4d e tec to r fo r , 2 2 3 ,2 2 4p h o to n , 2 2 3 , 2 2 4pulse , 222


4/10

4 7 2 Index

Era se r (continued)q u a n t u m , 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 7

de l a ye d c ho i c e w i t h . See D e l a y e d c h o i ceu s in g t h r e e- l ev e l a to m s , 2 2 2 - 2 2 4u s in g m i c r o m a s e r c av i ti e s, 2 2 6 - 2 2 8

F e yn ma n pa t h in t e g ra l. See Path in tegra lF i ne s t ruc t u re c ons t a n t , 395-398F o c a l pl a n e, 4 1 6 , 4 2 7 , 4 3 7 , 4 4 0

de p t h o f foc us a t , 429F o c u s i n g o f a t o m s . See L e n s , f o r a t o m s ,foc us i ng byF our i e r

i ma ge . See S e l f - i m a g eser ies expans ion, use in Ta lbot e ffec t

f o r w a v e a m p l i tu d e b y C o w l e y a n dM oo d i e , 13 1 , 135

for wave in tens i ty , 135t ra ns fo rm, 135

F ra nc k-Condon fa c t o r , 210F ra unho fe r d i f f r a c ti on . See Diffrac t ion,

F r a u n h o f e rF re q ue nc y

m e a s u r e m e n t , 3 5 4s t a n d a r d , 3 5 1 - 3 5 8

using Ca , 351using Mg, 351

Fresne l d i f f rac t ion. See D i f f ra c t ion , F re sne lF re sne l -K i rc hof f i n t e g ra l. See Diffrac t ion,

F re sne l , K i rc hof f i n t e g ra l fo rF r i nge s

i n te r f er e n c e, 1 2 2 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 5 ,138, 141 - 145 , 147 . See also Diffrac t ion,pa t te rn; In te rfe rence , pa t te rn;In t e r fe rome t e r ; P ha se , sh i f t

cont ras t , 233i n s e p a r a te d b e a m i n t e r fe r o m e t e r ,

1 2 2 - 1 2 3l o s s o f , 2 1 9 , 2 2 0 , 2 2 2 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 8 , 2 3 1 ,

2 3 2pa r t i a l , 226 , 233 ,234q u a n t u m vs. c l as s ic a l, 1 0 8 - 1 1 2 ,

4 1 3 - 4 1 7R a m s e y t y p e , 2 3 0 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 2 , 2 3 3 , 2 3 4 , 2 3 9 ,3 0 2, 3 2 1 , 3 2 6 - 3 3 1

re t r ieva l of , 222, 224, 228re ve rse d (a n ti f r inge s ) , 224 , 227 ,22 8

GG e n e ra l i z e d Ta l bo t e f fe c t . See Ta l bo te ffec tG e n e ra l i z e d Ta l bo t -La u (G TL) i n t e r ferome t e r .

See In t e r fe rome t e r , Ta l bo t -La uG e n e ra l i z e d Ta l bo t -La u e f fe c t . See La u e f fe c tG e o me t r i c a l sha dow . See Gra t ing, d i f f rac t ion,

f o r a t o m s , m e c h a n i c a lG e ome t r i c a l pha se . See P ha se , ge ome t r i c a lG ori , 131 - 132G r a d i o m e t e r, g r a v i ty , 1 3 7 , 1 3 9 , 3 9 3 - 3 9 4G ra t i ng

di ffrac t ionb i na ry , 130 , 131 ,135 , 136 , 137d u t y c y c le o f, 2 2 , 4 2 2 , 4 4 3for a tom s, 11 - 12 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 12 1, 122,

1 2 3 - 1 2 5 , 1 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 0 , 1 3 3 ,1 3 5 - 1 3 7 , 1 3 9 , 1 4 0 , 1 4 1 , 1 4 3 , 1 4 5.See also Be a m sp l i tt e r fo r ma t t e rw a ve s ; In t e r fe rome t e r , a t om

p r o b e o f h o m o g e n e i t y o f, 1 4Ronc h i , 130 . See also Gra t ing, d i f f rac t ion,

b i na ryusing l ight , 10, 121w i t h c ompl e x t r a nsmi s s i on func t i on , 122 ,

1 3 1 - 1 3 3f o r m e d b y m a t t e r w a v e , 4 0 8 , 4 1 2

a mp l i tude o f , 408 , 416 , 417c o m p r e s s io n o f , 4 2 9 , 4 5 1i mpr i n t e d by me c ha n i c a l g ra t i ng ,

4 1 6of r e duc e d p e r i od (h i ghe r o rde r g ra t ing ) ,

4 1 5 , 4 1 6 , 4 1 7 , 4 2 1 , 4 2 2 , 4 2 4 , 4 2 5 ,4 2 7 , 4 2 8 , 4 2 9 , 4 3 4, 4 3 7 , 4 4 3 , 4 4 5 ,4 4 8 . See also Gra t ing, d i f f rac t ion

s y m m e t r y p r o p e r t y o f , 4 1 9 , 4 4 1u s i ng a t h e r m a l b e a m , 4 5 3 - 4 6 3

G ra v i me t e r . See Ine r t ia l sens ing us ingi n t e r fe rome t e r s

G ra v i t a t i ona l w a ve , 286G ra v i t y . See Ine r t i al s e ns i ng us i ng

i n t e r fe rome t e r sG r e e n ' s func t i on , 148 - 150G re e nbe rge r -Horne -Z e i l i nge r (G HZ ) s t a t e . See

Ent a ng l e d s t a t eG y r o s c o p e . See Ine r t ia l sens ing us ingi n t e r fe rome t e r s , o f ro t a t i on r i ng , u s i ngma t t e r w a ve s . See M a t t e r w a ve s , u s i ng r i ngg y r o s c o p e


5/10

I n d e x 4 7 3

H

H an b u r y - B r o wn T wiss ex p e r imen t , 1 6 4H e i sen b e r g mic r o sco p e , 5 3d e c o h e re n c e in , 1 4 4 - 1 4 7

H o lo g r ap h y , a to mbinary, 161Four ier , 162

Index o f refrac t ion . S ee M at te r wav e , i n d ex o fref rac t ion forInd is t inguishab i l i ty , o f pa ths , 2 19

an d in t e r fe r en ce , 2 1 7 - 2 2 8Iner t ia l sensing using in ter ferometers , 65 , 75 ,

93 , 98 , 1 10 , 346 , 347 . S ee a l s o Sag n acef fec t

C o l l e l a , Ov e r h au se r , an d Wer n e r ( C OW) ty p eex p e r imen t , 2 8 5 ,2 8 6

of acce lera t ion , 24 , 66d u e to g rav ity , 9 3, 9 4 , 2 6 7, 2 7 3 ,2 8 5 ,3 6 4 ,

3 7 9 - 3 8 0 , 3 8 9 - 3 9 2o f g r a t in g mo t io n , 2 4o f r o ta t io n , 24 , 6 6 , 9 3 , 94 , 2 8 6 , 3 7 9 - 3 8 0 ,

3 9 4 - 3 9 5In terac t ion

e lec t ri c d ip o le , 2 6 0 , 2 8 2 , 2 8 3 ,3 6 6magnet ic d ipo le , 282 , 283reg ion , 26

In ter ferencepat te rn . See a l so Diff rac t ion , pa t te rn ; Fr inges,

in ter ferencein R am sey in t e r fe r o me te r 2 2 9, 2 3 5 ,2 3 6 ,

239in Yo u n g ' s ex p e r imen t , 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 , 2 2 4 , 2 2 5 ,

2 2 6re t r ieval o f , 226system -detec tor cor re la t ions, 222 , 224 , 226u s i ng s h a d o w e f fe c t, 4 2 4 - 4 3 6u s in g T al b o t e f fe c t, 4 1 7 - 4 2 4 , 4 5 5 - 4 5 7u s in g T a lb o t - Lau e f fec t , 4 3 7 - 4 5 3 ,

4 5 7 - 4 6 1vis ib i l i ty o f , 194 , 222 , 228wi th two - l ev e l a to ms , 2 2 1With th ree- level a toms , 2 22

qu an tu m, l im i ts to , 52 , 5 9 , 1 2 5 - 1 2 6In ter ference f i l te r fo r a toms, 147In ter ference f r inges . S e e Fr inges, in ter ference

In ter fer ing ampl i tude , 19I n te r f e r o me te r

a tomas s ta te se lec t ive de tec tor , 60B o r d 6 ty p e , 2 77 , 2 8 7, 2 9 6 - 2 9 7 , 2 9 8 , 2 99 ,

3 0 0 - 3 0 4 , 3 1 0 , 3 1 1 , 3 1 2 - 3 3 1 , 3 3 9 ,3 5 1 , 3 8 6 - 3 89

contrast in , 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 29, 32, 37,5 3 , 5 6 , 6 0 , 3 1 5 - 3 1 7

gene ra l ized Talbo t-La u type , 121 - 126 ,1 3 5, 1 3 6 - 1 3 7 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 3 , 1 4 7 - 1 4 8

g r av i t a t io n a l e f f ec ts in , 1 3 8 - 1 4 0 , 1 4 8 , 1 59in terna l s ta te label ing , 100 , 258 . S ee a l s o

I n t e r fe r o me te r , a to m, B o r d 6 ty p eMIT, 18M o i r6 ty p e , 9 0 - 9 9 . S ee a l s o S h a d o w

effec t ; Moir6 ef fec tm u l ti p le p u ls e s in , 3 7 9 - 3 8 1 , 3 8 7 - 3 8 9sensi t iv i ty to ex terna l f ie lds , 2 74sep a r a t ed b eam en v e lo p e ( SB E) , 2 6 , 3 9,

1 2 2 - 1 2 4s h a d o w - e f fe c t t y p e , 4 2 4 - 4 3 6T a lb o t t y pe , 1 3 6 , 1 4 3 - 1 4 4 , 4 1 7 - 4 2 4T a l b o t- L a u t y p e , 4 3 7 - 4 5 3th r o u g h - p u t o f, 1 2 3 , 1 2 4 , 1 4 1 ,1 4 3u s in g mic r o f ab r i ca t ed sl it s, 1 8 - 30 , 9 0 - 9 9 ,

2 8 7 , 4 0 7 , 4 0 8 , 4 1 4 - 4 1 6 , 4 1 8 ,4 2 2 ,4 2 4, 4 3 7 , 4 5 2 , 4 6 1 , 4 6 3

u s in g sep a r a t ed li g h t f ie ld s , 1 0 0 - 1 0 8 , 2 9 3 ,2 9 5 , 3 0 0 . S ee a l s o In ter ferometer ,a to m, B o r d 6 ty p e

u s i ng s t a n d in g - w a v e fi el ds , 1 0 0 - 1 0 8 , 4 0 7Yo u n g ' s d o u b le s li t, 1 5 8 ,4 0 7 , 4 1 0Yo u n g ' s N- s l i t , 1 2 6 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 3 , 1 4 7

M ach - Z eh n d e r , 1 8 , 2 9 9m o l e c u l e , 2 8 , 2 7 8neutron , 257 , 287opt ica l , 29R a m s e y t y p e

genera l se tup , 297two - zo n e , 2 7 6 , 2 7 8 , 2 8 6w i t h o n e m i c r o m a s e r c av i ty , 2 3 4 - 2 4 0w i t h tw o m i c r o m a s e r c av i ti e s, 2 2 8 - 2 3 4

semi - c l a ss i ca l t h eo r y o f , 2 0S t e rn - G e rl a ch , 2 4 0 - 2 5 3 , 2 5 9 , 2 9 0

co n t r o l o f mag n e t i c f ie ld , 2 4 1 ,2 4 3classica l l im i t , 251c r i t e ri a f o r, 2 4 6 - 2 4 8d i sp e r s io n o f p h ases , 2 4 1 ,2 4 2H e i sen b e r g equ a t io n o f mo t io n , 2 4 4 , 2 4 9


6/10

4 7 4 Index

In t e r fe rome t e r (continued)h i ghe r -o rde r e f fe c t s , 248-251L a r m o r a n g le , 2 4 0 , 2 4 3 , 2 4 5l o n g it u d in a l , 2 5 2 - 2 5 3p a r ti a l b e a m , 2 4 5 , 2 4 6 , 2 4 7 , 2 4 8 . See also

Cohe re nc e , sp i nma c rosc op i c s e pa ra t i on , 246m i c r o s c o p i c r e c o m b i n a t i o n , 2 4 7 - 2 4 8sc he me o f , 240

whi te f r inge , 19In t e r fe rome t ry

cont ras t , 33 , 71appl ica t ions , 35e xpe r i me n t a l de mons t ra t i on , 34di ffe rent ia l force , 74

future appl ica t ions , 71mat te r wave , 2 , 9 , 18

J a y n e s -C u m m i n g s m o d e l , 2 3 1 , 2 3 6 , 2 37

KK a pi t z a -D i ra c s c a t te r i ng . See Sca t te r ingK i rc hof f i n t eg ra l . See D i f f ra c t ion , F re sne l

L a m b - D i c k e l i m i t , 20 8L a s e r

a t o m . See A t o m l a se rcool ing, 156, 396. See also A t o m i c b e a m ,sourc e , u s i ng l a se r c oo l i ng a nd t r a pp i ng

pha se o f . See Phase , sh i f t , of l a se r f ie ldL a r m o r a n g le . See In t e r fe rome t e r , S t e rn -G e r l a c hLau e ffec t, 124 , 125. See also Talbot -Lau e ffec t ;

Interferometer, general ized Talbot-Laue xpe r i m e n t u s i ng , 130 , 135

L e n s ,e l i mi na t i on o f in G TL i n t e rfe rome t e r , 122 ,

1 3 6 - 1 3 7f o r a t o m sa c hrom a t i c , 182 , 183 , 185

appl ica t ions , 188f o c u s in g b y , 1 7 7 , 1 7 9 . See A be r ra t i on , i n

l e ns fo r a tom s

thick , 179thin, 178

use in Lau e ffec t , 136use in Ta lbot e ffec t , 130use in Ta lbot in te rfe romete r , 122, 136

Le nse -T h i r r i ng e f fe c t , 286Li gh t sh i f t. See ac S ta rk shi f tL i gh t c rys t a ls . See Opt ica l l a t t icesL i t hogra phy , a t om, 188 ,414 , 429 , 463

sources for , 181

MM a c h-Z e hnde r i n t e r fe rome t e r . See

I n t er f e ro m e t e r , M a c h - Z e h n d e rM a gne s i um, 318 , 351

po l a r i z a b i l it y , 33 4use in in te rfe romete r , 318. See also A t o m i c

be a m ; F re q ue nc y , s ta nda rdM a t t e r w a ve

b i re f r i nge nc e a nd d i c h ro i sm fo r , 290i nde x o f r e f ra c ti on fo r , 31 , 42 , 71 ,27 6

a t t e nua t ion a s soc i a t e d w i t h , 43fo r mo l e c u l e s , 50i n a n a t omi c c l oud , 289phase shi f t , 43m e a s u r e m e n t , 45ro l e o f c o l l i s ion pa r t ne r, 49se ns i t iv i t y t o sha pe o f l ong ra nge po t e n t i a l ,

47theore t ica l ana lys i s , 47

inte rfe rence . See In t e r fe rom e t e r , a t omi n t e r fe rome t e r , 294 , 349

h i s t o ry o f , 294thermal source for , 312. See alsoIn t e r fe rome t e r , a t om

po l a r i z e d , op t i c a l l y a c ti ve mo l e c u l e sc i rc u l a r d i c h ro i sm o f , 290ro t a ry pow e r o f , 290

red sh i f t e ffec ts , 283r i ng gy rosc ope us i ng , 289

M i c r o m a s e r , 2 1 8 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 ,230 , 232 , 234 , 235 ,236 , 237

a s pa r t o f Ra m se y i n t e r fe rome t e r , 219 , 228 ,229 , 230as Welcher Weg d e te c to r , 2 2 5 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 7 , ' 2 2 8 ,2 3 1 , 2 3 2

a t om-f i e l d i n t e ra c t ion i n , 230de ns i t y o f mode s i n , 229 , 230


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Ra m se y f r i nge s fo r ,w i th o n e c a v it y , 2 3 4 , 2 3 5 , 2 3 6 , 2 3 7 , 2 3 9wi th two cavi t ie s , 230, 231M i c rosc ope . S ee H e i s e n b er g m i c r o s c o p e

M i c row a ve spe c t rosc opy , 297M o de se l e c t ion . S ee Ca vi t y , fo r m a t t e r w a ve sM o d e m a t ch i n g . S ee Ca vi t y , fo r m a t t e r w a ve sM o d e v o lu m e . S ee Ca vi t y , fo r ma t t e r w a ve sM o i r 6 ef f ec t, 9 1 , 1 2 2 , 1 3 0 , 1 3 7 , 1 4 1 - 1 4 2 . S e e

a l so In t e r fe rom e t e r , a tom , mo i r6 type ;S ha dow e f fe c t

M o m e n t u mbasis . S e e Q ua n t um , t r e a tm e n t o f c e n t e r -o f -

m a s s m o t i o nd i s t ri bu t ion , a f t e r spon t a ne ous e m i s s i on , 1 92 .See a l so Coh e re nc e , o f ma t t e r w a ve s ,loss due to sca t te r ing

condi t iona l , 201M u l t ip l e pu l se s . S ee In t e r fe rom e t e r , a tom ,

m ul t i p l e pu l se s i n

N e o n . See a l so A t o m i c b e a ml e ve l s c he me , 153 , 154 , 163l i fe t ime of leve ls in , 155

O pt i c a l d i po l e mome n t . S ee D i p o le m o m e n tO pt i c a l f r e q ue nc y me a su re me n t . S ee F re q ue nc y ,

m e a s u r e m e n tO pt i c a l f r e q ue nc y s t a nda rd . S ee F re q ue nc y ,s tandard

Opt ica l l a t t i ce , 11 2, 206Ortho gon a l i ty , of f ina l (de tec tor) s ta tes , 226,

2 2 7 , 2 2 8v e r su s p o s i t io n - m o m e n t u m u n c e r ta i n ty

re la t ion, 228

P a ra x i a l a pp rox i ma t i on , 175 . See a l soD i f f ra c ti on , F re sne l , pa ra bo l i ca p p r o x i m a t i o n

P a t h - i n t e g r a l , 1 3 8 - 1 4 0 , 1 4 9 - 1 5 0 ,310

P en d e l l r s u n g , 264 , 306P ha seD opp l e r . S e e D oppl e r , pha sege om e t r i c a l, 72 , 339 . S ee a l s o A h a r o n o v -

B o h m e f fe c t; A h a r o n o v - C a s h e r e f f ec tg ra t ing ; B e a m sp l i tt e r fo r m a t t e r w a ve s ,us i ng l i gh t , o f f - r e sona nc e

objec t , 196of la se r f ie ld , 302s h i f t , 2 7 4 , 2 8 5 , 3 7 0 , 3 7 4 , 3 7 7 - 3 7 8 , 3 8 0 ,

3 9 0 - 3 9 2 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 0 . S ee a l s o F r i nge s ,in te rfe rence

averaging, 32be s t a c h i e va b l e r e so l u t i on , 92d i spe r s i ve , 222 , 228 , 241 ,242 , 339due to acce le ra t ion/ rota t ion. S ee Ine r t ia l

s e ns i ng us i ng i n t e r fe rom e t e r s ; S a gna ceffec t

due t o a pp l i e d po t e n t i a l, 27 , 30 , 311 ,3 3 1 - 3 3 8

due t o a t om -ga s s c a t t e ri ng , 42due t o a t om -pho t on sc a t t er i ng , 55d y n a m i c a l, 3 0 2f rom p a r t ia l w a ve e xpa ns i on , 49func t i on o f pa t h s e pa ra t ion , 56m i n i ma l de t e c t a b l e , 289nond i spe r s i ve , 339r e ad o u t of , 3 9 9 - 4 0 0unc on t ro l l e d . S ee Phase , sh i f t , d i spers iveve l oc i t y de pe nde nc e , 31 , 32 , 39 , 66 ,

73versus enve lope shi f t , 111

P ho t on-a t om sc a t te r i ng i n s i de i n t e rfe rome t e r .S ee S c a t t e r i ng , pho t on -a t omP ho t on re c o i l sh i f t. S ee Re c o i l , sh i f tPola r izab i l i ty , e lec t r ic

o f a t om s , 331 - 335o f N a , 3 9

e xpe r i m e n t a l pa ra me t e r s fo r , 40of N a 2 , 71pha se sh i f t in i n t e r fe rome t e r p rodu c e d by . S ee

Phase , sh i f t , due to potent ia lP onde romot i ve po t e n t i a l , 177P o t e n t i a l me a su re me n t . S ee Phase , sh i f t , due topo t e n t i a lP ropa ga t e r , f r e e , 270P u l se d i n t e r fe rome t e r . S ee In t e r fe rome t e r , a tom ,

B o r d 6 t y p e


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4 7 6 Index

QQ u a n t u mchannel ing , 113

co m p u t in g , 1 3 3 , 1 4 8dots . See opt ica l la t t iceeraser . See Er ase rt r ea tmen t o f cen te r o f mass m o t io n , 5 1,

371 - 3 72, 40 8vs classica l f r inges . See Fr inges, in ter ference

Qua l i ty fac tor. See C av i ty , fo r ma t t e r w av es

R a b if o rm u l a , 3 6 6 - 3 7 0f requency , 1 75 , 176 , 304 , 366 , 368 , 370 ,

3 7 5 - 3 7 9e f f ec t iv e tw o - p h o to n , 3 8 4

osci l la t ions, 264ex c i t in g a to m wi th a s in g le p h o to n , 5 6observat ion using momentum t ransfer , 15

R a m a n p u ls e se q u e n ce , 3 7 5 - 3 7 9R am an t r an s i t io n . See T h r ee - l ev e l sy s t em,

fo ldedR a m a n - N a t h r e g im e . See Scat ter ingR am sey f r in g es . See Fr in g es , R amsey ty p eR am sey - B o r d 6 in t er f e ro me te r . See

In ter ferometer , a tom, Bord6 typeR am sey in t er f e ro me te r . See In ter ferometer ,

R a m s e y t y p eR eco i l

e f fe c t, 4 1 1, 4 1 2 , 4 1 7 , 4 3 7 , 4 6 2sh if t , 268 , 285 ,302

m e a s u re m e n t o f, 2 7 9, 3 9 5 - 3 9 8 , 4 0 3o p t imiza t io n o f , 2 7 9

s p li tt in g , 30 3 , 3 2 1 , 3 2 6 - 3 3 3o f L a m b d i p, 4 1 2o f R am sey f r in g es , 4 1 2suppression of , 329

Recoi l ing s l i t , gedanken exper iment , 198Rela t iv is t ic e f fec ts in e lec t romagnet ic

in terac t ions, 73R o ta t in g f r ame t r an s fo r ma t io n , 3 6 7R o ta t in g wav e ap p r o x ima t io n , 1 7 4 , 3 6 7R y d b e r g a t o m

in mic r o mase r R am sey in t e r fe r o me te r , 2 2 8 ,23 0

in Yo u n g ' s d o u b le s l i t ex p e rimen t , 2 2 5in t e rac t io n wi th m ic r o mase r cav i ty , 2 3 0

S m a t r ix . See Scat ter ing , matr ixS a g n a c e f fe c t, 6 6 , 1 1 0 , 1 4 2 - 1 4 3 , 2 8 3 , 2 8 6 , 2 8 7 ,288 . See also Iner t ia l sensing usingin t e r fe r o me te r s , o f r o t a t io n

m e a s u r e m e n t o f , 75 , 9 4, 1 1 0 , 3 4 6 - 3 4 9using a tom in ter ferometer , 68 , 110using Cs in ter ferometer , 75using moir6 in ter ferometer , 94reproducib i l i ty in , 68

v e lo c i ty d ep en d en ce , 6 6S c a l a r A h a r o n o v - B o h m e f fe c t. See A h a r o n o v -

B o h m e f fe c tScat te r ingf o r war d am p l i tu d e f o r, 4 3

d e r iv a t io n o f , 4 7 - 4 8r a t io o f r ea l t o imag in a r y p a r t s , 4 3

glory osc i l la t ion s in , 49ine last ic vs elast ic , 267Kap i t sa - Di r ac , 3 0 9 , 4 1 2matr ix , 270

in two - b ea m ap p r o x ima t io n , 2 71p h o to n - a to m , in s id e in te r f e r o me te r

co h e r en ce lo ss , 5 4contrast recovery , 62contras t rev iva ls , 57d i r ec t io n o f sca t t e r ed p h o to n , 6 1ef fec ts , 55 , 57u s in g two in t e rf e r o me te r s , 6 3 . See also

C o h er en ce , o f ma t t e r wav es , l o ss d u eto sca t te r ing ; Fr inges, in ter ference

R aman - Na th r eg ime , 1 7 9Seco n d o r d e r D o p p le r sh i ft . See Doppler , sh i f tS e l f -i m a g e , 1 2 2 , 1 3 0 - 1 3 3 . See also Fr in g es ,

in ter ference; Talbo t e f fec tf i l t e r ed , 1 3 2 - 1 3 3 , 1 3 5F o u r ie r , 1 2 2 , 1 3 1 - 1 3 3Fr esn e l , 1 2 2 , 1 3 1 ,1 3 3m u l t i p le a l ia s i n g o f , 1 2 2 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 3 - 1 3 5

Sep a r a t ed b eam en v e lo p e ( SB E) in t e r f e ro me te r .See In ter ferometer , a tom

Sep ara ted l igh t f ie lds . See In ter ferometer , a tomS h a d o w e ff e ct , 4 0 9 , 4 1 5 , 4 2 4 , 4 3 7 , 4 4 1 , 4 4 3 ,

4 5 0 , 4 5 2 . See also Gr a t in g , fo r m ed b ymat ter wave; Gra t ing , d i f f rac t ion , fo ra to ms; I n t e r f e ro m e te r , a to m, sh ad o w ty p e

co m p ar i so n w i th T a lb o t -Lau e f fec t , 4 3 7 , 4 4 0 ,4 4 1 , 4 5 2

d i f f e ren ce f r o m ma t t e r - wav e in t e r f e r en ce , 4 1 0g eo m e t r i ca l i n t e r p r e ta t io n , 4 2 4


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Index 4 7 7

o f b a c k g r o u n d - f r e e g r a ti n g s , 4 3 5of l o s s o f pa t t e r n , 435

us ing inc ohe r e n t l i gh t , 425S igna l t o no i se op t im iz a t ion , 22 , 67S our c e . See A t o m i c b e a mS p i n c o h e r e n c e . See C o h e r e n c eS p i n - r o t a t i o n c o u p l i n g , 2 8 3 , 2 8 6S p o n t a n e o u s e m i s s i o n

coef f ic ient , of a la se r , 210ins ide a n in t e r f e r om e te r . See C o h e r e n c e , o f

m a t t e r w a ve s , l o s s due to s c a t t e r ings ingle , 190

S t a r k e f f e c t , 3 3 2 - 3 3 7S t e r n - G e r l a c ha ppa r a tu s , 241 - 243

ef fec t , opt ica l , 175in t e r f e r om e te r . See I n t e r f e r o m e t e rs c h e m e , 2 4 2

S tuc ke lbe r g a ng le , 176S ur f a c e p r obe s , 188

Talbot d is tance , 14 , 52 , 411. See also Talbot-R a y l e i g h w a v e l e n g t hf o r c o l li m a t e d b e a m , 4 1 9f o r d ive r ge n t be a m , 437 , 441 , 451

Talbot e f fec t . See also S e l f - im a ge ;I n t e r f e r om e te r , T a lbo t type ; Gr a t ing , a tom ,o f r e d u c e d p e r i o d

for ma t te r waves , 15 , 122, 124, 126,1 3 0 - 1 3 2 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 3 , 4 1 4 , 4 1 7

a pp l i c a t ion to l i t hog r a phy , 15c om pa r i son w i th T a lbo t - La u e f f e c t , 136 ,

451c o n s e q u e n c e o f a t o m i c r e c o i l, 4 1 2 , 4 1 7e x p e r i m e n t , 1 3 0 - 1 3 1f r inges , 124, 141g e n e r a l i z e d , 1 3 0 - 1 3 5num be r t he o r y in T a lbo t e ff e c t , 133 , 147reso nan ce in , 125 - 126, 131 - 132,

1 3 3 - 1 3 5 , 1 3 7, 1 4 1 , 1 4 3 - 1 4 4 , 14 7te m por a l , 137u s i n g t h e r m a l b e a m , 4 5 3 , 4 5 5

opt ica l , 14 , 411, 419T a lb o t p h a se , 4 1 1 , 4 1 4 , 4 1 8 , 4 4 1 , 4 5 2

a v e r a g in g o v e r i n th e r m a l b e a m , 4 5 4T a lbo t - La u e f f e ct . See also Lau e f fec t ;

I n t e r f e r om e te r , a tom , ge ne r a l i z e d T a lbo t -L a u t y p e

a t o m i ca s ge ne r a l i z a t ion o f sha dow e f f e c t , 416caused b y mat te r -w ave in te r fe rence only , 452i n a t h e r m a l b e a m , 4 5 3 , 4 6 0 , 4 6 1

op t i c a l , 414 , 416T a l b o t - R a y l e i g h w a v e l e n g t h . See W a v e l e n g t hT e l l t a le pho ton , 225T h o m a s p r e c e s s i o n , 2 8 4 , 2 8 5T hr e e - l e ve l sy s t e m

c a sc a de , 260 , 261f o lde d , 260 , 261

T h r o u g h - p u t o f i n t e r fe r o m e t e r. SeeI n t e r f e r om e te r , a tom

T i m e d o m a i n i n t e rf e r en c e . See I n t e r f e r om e te r ,a t o m , B o r d 6T opo log ic a l pha se . See P h a s e , g e o m e t r i c a lT r a p

m a gne t i c , 157m a gne to - op t i c a l t r a p ( MOT ) , 148 , 323op t i c a l , 368

T r a ppe d a tom s , 319 , 324T wo- le ve l a pp r ox im a t ion , 174

U n c e r t a i n t y , p o s i t i o n - m o m e n t u m , 2 2 2 , 2 2 8 , 2 4 2pha se d i spe r s ion in , 242

Vis ib i l i ty o f a tom in t e r f e r e nc e pa t t e r n . SeeI n t e r f e r e nc e

V a c u u m s y s t e m , 4d i f f e r e n t i a l pum ping , 5v ib r a t ion i so l a t i on , 5

Ve loc i ty m u l t ip l e x ing , 37 , 71Vib r a t ion

c a use o f c on t r a s t r e duc t ion , 24i so la ti on , 3 9 6 - 3 9 7 , 4 0 0 - 4 0 4obse r ve d in i n t e r f e r om e te r , 26r e duc t ion , 25

Vir tua l s l i t s , 202

WW a v e l e n g t h

d e B r o g l i e , 1 25 , 1 3 8 - 1 3 9as func t ion of spec ies mass and ve loc i ty , 125


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4 7 8 Index

W a ve l e ng t h (continued)sc a l ing o f f r i nge p a t t e rn i n Ta l bo t e f fe ct

w i t h , 1 2 5 , 1 3 3 -1 3 5T a lb o t -R a y l ei g h , 1 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 5 . Seealso Ta l bo t d i s t a nc e

Welcher Weg, 53 , 56de t e c t o r , 222 , 225 ,226 , 227 , 232 . See also

Welcher Weg, i n fo rma t i oni n fo rma t i on , 193 , 218 , 220 , 222-226 , 228 ,

2 3 1 , 2 3 2 - 23 4a nd c omp l e me n t a r i t y , 222 , 232a nd l o s s o f i n t e r fe renc e , 220 , 222 , 224 ,

2 2 8 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 2e xpe r i me n t , 350i n d i f f r a c ti on , 10 6- 10 8in in te rfe romete r , 105p a r ti a l, 2 3 3 , 2 3 4r o le o f m o m e n t u m r e co i l, 2 2 6w i th t h r e e - le v e l a t o m s , 2 1 9 - 2 2 2w i th m i c r o m a s e r c a v it ie s , 2 2 5 - 2 2 8 ,

231 - 234

W h i c h w a y i n f o r m a t io n . See Welcher WegW i gne r d i s t r ibu t i on fun c t ion

f re e e vo l u t i on , 439j umps o f on mi c ro fa b r i c a t e d s t ruc t u re s ,4 38

W i g n e r - W e i s s k o p f a p p r o x i m a t i o nfo r l i gh t s c a tt e r ing f rom t ra ppe d a t om s ,

221

Y ou ng ' s doub l e - s l i t e xpe r i m e n t , 218 , 219 , 221 ,224, 225, 231. See also In t e r fe rome t e r ,a t o m

by sc a t t e r i ng l i gh t f rom t w o a t om s i n a tr a p ,2 1 9 - 2 2 4

w i t h m i c r o m a s e r Welcher Weg de tec tor ,2 2 4 - 2 2 8

Y ou ng ' s N -s l i t i n te r fe rome t e r . SeeIn t e r fe rome t e r , a t om

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