Independent Special Education Advocates and

IEP Facilitation: Challenges and Opportunities

Presenters

Candace CortiellaDirector, The Advocacy Institute

Jamie RuppmannASSIST Consulting

Diane Willcutts

DLK Consulting

AGENDA

• Roles and Responsibilities

• Factors in parent-school conflict

• Policy that Promotes Facilitation

• Tales from the Road

• Q+As

Roles and Responsibilities

• Advocates vs. Attorneys– Aren’t licensed to practice law– Possess understanding of special education laws– Experience working with families

• Advocates as Facilitators– Not affiliated with school district– Not affiliated with family – No stake in outcome

Factors in parent-school conflict

• Trust

• Parent perception vs. school perception of child (deficit perspective)

• Imbalance of knowledge

• Constraint of financial resources

Factors in parent-school conflict

• Service delivery• Valuation• Reciprocal power• Communication; number of meeting

participants

What Policies Support the Practice of Facilitated IEPs?

“Managing” Parent-Professional Relationships

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

• Prior to 1997 – policy was that parents or school folks could bring anyone of their choice to the IEP meeting.

• In fact, early parent leaders urged parents “never go alone”

• Parent Training and Resource Centers

IDEA 1997 Amendments

• 1997 Purposes - #1 “Strengthen the role of parents”

• Modified IEP attendance - “knowledge or special expertise regarding the child”

• BUT the determination that the individual possesses “knowledge or special expertise” shall be made by the parent or public agency

IDEA 2004

Congressional Report Language specifies that one of the ways amendments improve education is by “Encouraging early informal resolution of problems”

“The committee is discouraged to hear that many parents, teachers, and school officials find that some current IDEA provisions encourage an adversarial, rather than a cooperative, atmosphere, in regards to special education.

In response, the committee has made changes to promote better cooperation and understanding between parents and schools, leading to better educational programs and related services for children with disabilities”.

Resolving Differences and Disputes

• Requesting an IEE• IEP meeting• Informal strategies including facilitation

which is not mentioned in IDEA• Mediation • Resolution

Helen Featherstone: “A Difference in the Family”

“Professionals play a big part in the lives of disabled people and their families. It often looks to parents as though outsiders hold the child’s future in their hands.”

“For their part, professional often feel less powerful than they appear to clients”

“A child’s problem and his parents’ pain touch doctors and teachers deeply. They are vulnerable, too”.

Tales From the Road

Tales From the Road

Why not use school staff to facilitate IEP meetings? Parent perception of bias Continues power imbalance between family

and school team members

Tales From the Road

• Perception of bias– “I can’t trust the school.”– 95% of families reported that they do not trust

the school to make decisions based on their child’s needs.

– 77% of families perceive that school staff are not able to openly state their opinions in meetings

– 72% of families reported that their concerns are not considered

Tales From the Road

Imbalance of power “I don’t know how to make myself heard.” 100% of families perceive that they are not

treated as equal members of the IEP team 100% of families perceive that they are not

sufficiently knowledgeable about the special education process

100% of families report that IEP meetings are overwhelming

Why use special education advocates to facilitate IEP meetings?

Parents perceive that advocates are neutral. Education advocates possess foundational

skills necessary for effective facilitation. Parents perceive that advocates are neutral

Tales from the Road

Education advocates possess foundational skills necessary for effective facilitation. Knowledge of special education law and area

resources Skilled in keeping meetings productive. Provides parent training and coaching to enable

parent to participate as an equal member of the team. Acts as resource to family and school team. Assists with clarifying important areas of agreement

and disagreement.

Tales from the Road

Effective facilitation Does not coerce participants to reach artificial

agreement Treats conflict as “normal” Keeps the group focused on the student Enables families to be equal participants in

IEP meetings Improves outcomes for student.

“Parents and teachers still have a lot to learn about

helping one another and must now become more realistic

about what can reasonably be expected from their

cooperation” (W. B. Cutler III, 2000)