indefinite integration€¦ · indefinite integration 01. basic rules and formulae 02. integration...

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LOCUS LOCUS LOCUS LOCUS LOCUS 1 Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial Fractions 05. Integration By Parts 06. Miscellaneous Expressions / Substitutions CONCEPT NO CONCEPT NO CONCEPT NO CONCEPT NO CONCEPT NOTES TES TES TES TES

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Page 1: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 1

IndefiniteIntegration

01. Basic Rules and Formulae

02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements

03. Integration By Substitution

04. Expansion Using Partial Fractions

05. Integration By Parts

06. Miscellaneous Expressions / Substitutions

CONCEPT NOCONCEPT NOCONCEPT NOCONCEPT NOCONCEPT NOTESTESTESTESTES

Page 2: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 2

Indefinite IntegrationIntegration Basics

Integration Basics

(a)

g x f x

f x dx g x C

(b)

f x dx f x C

d f x dx f xdx

(c) f x g x dx f x dx g x dx

(d) k f x dx k f x dx

(e) f x dx g x C

f ax b dx g ax b Ca

g x f x g x f x

df ax b g ax ba dx

g ax b aag ax b

f ax b

Section - 1 BASIC RULES AND FORMULAE

Page 3: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 3

BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAE

01.n

n xx dx C nn

11. xdx x C

02. dx x Cx 12. xdx x C

03. x xe dx e C 13. xdx x x C

04.x

x aa dx Ca

14. xdx x x C

05. xdx x C 15.xdx Caa x

06. xdx x C 16.xdx Caa x

x Ca

07. xdx x C 17.xdx C

a x a a

08. xdx x C 18.xdx C

a x a a

x Ca a

09. x xdx x C 19.xdx C

a ax x a

10. x xdx x C 20.xdx C

a ax x a

x Ca a

dx x C

Page 4: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 4

d x d xdx a a a dx a

xa aaa

a x a

x axdx C

x a a a

dxa bx c

e

bx cdx Ca a ba bx c

bx c Cab a

(1) SIMPLE REARRANGEMENTS :

(2) SUBSTITUTIONS :

(3) EXPANSION USING : PARTIAL FRACTIONS

(4) INTEGRATION BY PARTS : any

(5) REDUCTION FORMULAE :n

Page 5: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 5

x x dxx

Solution: x

x xx x dx dxx x

x xdx

x

x dx

x x C

dxx a x b

Solution: P Q P QP Q

a bdx dx

x a x b a b x a x b

x b x adx

a b x a x b

x b x a x b x adx

a b x a x b

Section - 2 INTEGRATION BY SIMPLE REARRANGEMENTS

Example – 1

Example – 2

Page 6: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 6

x a x b dxa b

x a x b Ca b

x aC

a b x b

P QP Q

x dxx

Solution:

x x

xx dx dxx x

x x xdx

x x

x x dxx x

x x dxx x

x xdx

x x

x dxx x

x x x Cx

Example – 3

Page 7: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 7

x dxx a x b

Solution

x x a x bx dx dxx a x bx a x b

x x a x x b dxa b

x a a x a x b b x b dxa b

x a x b a x a b x b dxa b

x a x b a x a b x bC

a b

x x a x x a anx k

x dxx x

Solution:

x xdx dxx xx xx x

x x x dxx x

x x dxx

x x dx

x dx

x C

Example – 4

Example – 5

Page 8: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 8

x x x dx

Solution: x x x

x x x

x xx x

x x x x x x

x x x dx x x x dx

x x x C

x adx

x b

Solution: x b

x a x b a b

x b a bx adx dx

x b x b

x b a b x b a bdx

x b

a b a b x b dx

x a b a b x b C

ax b dxcx d

Solution:

cx d

Example – 6

Example – 7

Example – 8

Page 9: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 9

bax b a xa

a bccxc a

a bccx d dc a

a adcx d bc c

a adcx d bax b c cdx dxcx d cx d

adba c dxc cx d

ax adb cx d Cc c c

ax bc ad cx d Cc c

x dxx

Solution:

x x xdx dxx x

x x x dxx

x x dx

x x dx

x x C

Example – 9

Page 10: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 10

(a) x dx (b) x dx

(c) x x x dx (d) x x dx

Solution: (a) x x

x x x

x x x

x dx x x C

(b) x

x x

x

x x

xx

x x

x x xx dx C

Example – 10

Page 11: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 11

(c) x x x x x x

x x x

x x x x

x x x x

x x x x

x x x xx x x dx C

(d) x x x x

x x

x

x x

x x

x x dx x x C

x dxx x

Section - 3 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

Example – 11

Page 12: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 12

Solution:

f x dx x y

x dx dy f x dx f x dx

y

x xxI dx dxx x x x

x I x

x y x dx dy Iy

x y

x dx dy

yI dy

y y

ydy

y

dyy

y y C

yx y x

I x x C

x dxx

Solution:

(a) x dx x xdx x ydyxdx y

y dyy

Example – 12

Page 13: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 13

yx y x y

x y

dyxdx

x x xI dx dxx x

ydy

y

y y y dyy

y y y y dy

Cy y y y

y y y Cy

x x xC

x

(b) x

x

dx d

xI dx dx

d

d

Page 14: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 14

y I

y

d dy

I d y dy

y C

C

x C xx

dxx x

Solution: I dxx x

dxx

x

x

dx d

I d

d

d

C

C

Example – 13

Page 15: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 15

xx

x

x

x

x

xI x Cx x

x dxxx

Solution:

x

xdx d

xI dx dxx

d

d

d

d

d

C

C

x x Cx

Example – 14

Page 16: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 16

dxx x

Solution: xxxxdx d

xI dx dxx x x x

d

d

C

x C

x dxa b x

Solution:x xI dx

a x b xI

a x b x ya x x b x x dx dy

dyx xdxb a

dyIb a y

y Cb a

a x b x Cb a

Example – 15

Example – 16

Page 17: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 17

dxx x a

Solution:x a

I dxx x a

dxx x a x a

xx x x

I dxx a x a

dxx a x a

x dxa x a

a x a ta x dx dt

dtIa t

t Ca

a x a Ca

(a) dxa x (b) dx

a x (c) dxx x a

(d) dxx a (e) dx

x a (f) dxx a

Example – 17

Example – 18

Page 18: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 18

Solution:

Basic integration formulae

a x x a x aa x x a x ax a x a x a

(a) I dxa x

x adx a d

a x a a

aaI dad

Cx Ca

(b) I dxa x

x adx a d

a x a a

aaI da

da

Ca

x Ca a

Page 19: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 19

(c) I dxx x a

x adx a dx a a a

aaI d

a a

da

Ca

x Ca a

(d) I dxx a

x adx a d

x a aaI d

a

da

Ca

x a Ca x a x a

x a Ca x a

x a Ca x a

I dxx a

dxa x a x a

x a x a Ca

x a Ca x a

Page 20: Indefinite Integration€¦ · Indefinite Integration 01. Basic Rules and Formulae 02. Integration By Simple Rearrangements 03. Integration By Substitution 04. Expansion Using Partial

LOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUSLOCUS 20

(e) I dxx a

x a

dx a d

x a a a

a

aI da

d

C

C

x a x Ca a

x x a a C

x x a C

(f) I dxx a

x adx a d

x a a a

aaI d

a

d

C

C

x x a C