increasing the second year students’ vocabulary …repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/10360/1/nur...
TRANSCRIPT
INCREASING THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY
MASTERY BY LEARNING WORD CLASSIFICATION
AT MTs MADANI PAO-PAO GOWA
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) in English Education Department of
Tarbiyah and Teaching Science Faculty of
Alauddin State Islamic University
By
NUR HAMZAH
Reg. No. 20401107156
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TARBIYAH AND TEACHING SCIENCE FACULTY
ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR
2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
By reciting Bismillahi Rahmani Rahim, the researcher would like to express his
praise and thankfulness to Allah SWT for blessing, love, mercy, guidance and most
of all, to finish this thesis. Shalawat and Salam are addressed to beloved chosen
messenger Muhammad SAW.
Many problems and difficulties had been encountered in finishing this thesis.
Those would not have been solved without help, motivation, support, critic, and
advice from many people. It would be an honor to express his greatest appreciation
and deepest thanks to all of them as follows:
1. To his beloved parents Machmud and Basse, for their love, sacrifices, affections,
advices and prays during his study. And also to his brother and sister.
2. Prof. Dr. H. Abd Qadir Gassing, HT, MS, The Rector of State Islamic
University of Alauddin Makassar for his advice during his study at the university.
3. Dr. H. Salehuddin, M.Ag, The Dean and all of the staff of Tarbiyah and
Teaching Science Faculty of the State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar.
4. Dra. Hj. Djuwairiah Ahmad, M.Pd, M.TESOL, and Dra. Kamsinah, M.Pd.I
as the Head and the Secretary of English Department of Tarbiyah and Teaching
Science Faculty and all of her staff.
5. The researcher thanks for the guidance, advice and correction to this writing,
deeply thanks are expressed for those people; Prof. Dr. Hamdan, M.A, Ph.D as
a first consultant and Drs. M. Rusdi, M.Ag as the second consultant.
6. The researcher also would like to thank to his best friends and his beloved friends
in PBI 9 and PBI 10 academic years 2007 that always helped to solve the
problems and gave spirit and mental support to him.
7. The researcher’s especially indebted goes to his best lectures, Andi Musyafir
Rusyaidi as the researcher’s inspirations to learn about social life, and to the
English Teacher of MTs Madani Pao-Pao, Rugayyah S.Pd who had given him
opportunity to conduct this research in MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa.
8. Special gratitude to his beloved Mantawaty, Nurhamim, Indra, Fauziah,
Damar, from their love and support, you would never forgotten and would be
pleasant memories till the end.
9. The Headmaster, the teacher and all the students of MTs Pao-Pao Gowa specially
the second year students for their participation during the research.
10. All people who helps and those whom the researcher cannot mention one by one.
Finally, the researcher realize that this thesis still have not been prefect yet and
still need more some suggestion and critics, thus more improvements for this thesis
are strongly needed.
May the almighty Allah SWT always best to us with blessing, Amin.
Wabillahi Taufiq Wal Hidayah
Wassalam.
Makassar, Juni 2011
The writer
Nur Hamzah
NIM. 20401107156
viii
viii
LIST OF CONTENTS
TITTLE PAGE .................................................................................................... i
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ............................................................ ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ............................................... iii
PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI .................................................................................. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. v
LIST OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ viii
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. x
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background .............................................................................................. 1
B. Problem Statement .................................................................................. 3
C. Objective of the Research ....................................................................... 3
D. Significance of the Research ................................................................... 3
E. Scope of the Research ............................................................................. 3
F. Operational Definition of Terms.............................................................4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Related Findings ...................................................................... 4
B. Some Pertinent Ideas .............................................................................. 5
1. The Concept of vocabulary ................................................................ 5
a. Definition of Vocabulary ................................................................. 6
b. Kinds of Vocabulary ........................................................................ 7
c. Function of vocabulary......................................................................9
d. The Principle of Teaching and Learning Vocabulary .................. 9
2. Knowing Word .................................................................................... 13
3. The Concept of Word Classification ................................................. 15
a. The Classification of Words ............................................................ 15
b. The Identification Part of Speech ................................................... 16
C. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 18
D. Hypothesis ................................................................................................ 19
CHAPTER III THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design ....................................................................................... 20
ix
B. Population and Sample ........................................................................... 20
C. Research Variables .................................................................................. 21
D. Instrument of the Research .................................................................... 21
E. Procedure of Collecting data .................................................................. 22
F. Techniques of data Analysis ................................................................... 23
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings .................................................................................................... 26
B. Discussion ................................................................................................. 35
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 36
B. Suggestion ................................................................................................ 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
x
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 the rate percentage of score experimental group in pre-test .................. 26
Table 2 the rate percentage of score experimental group in post-test ................ 27
Table 3 the rate percentage of score controlled group in pre-test ....................... 28
Table 4 the rate percentage of score controlled group in post-test...................... 29
Table 5 the mean score of experimental group and controlled group ................ 32
Table 6 distribution the value of t-test and t-table ............................................... 34
xi
ABSTRACT
Name : Nur Hamzah
Reg. Number : 20401107156
Title : Increasing the Second Year Students’ Vocabulary
Mastery by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani
Pao-Pao Gowa
Consultant 1 : Prof. Hamdan, M.A, Ph.D
Consultant 2 : Drs. M. Rusdi, M.Ag
xi
This research aims at knowing the increasing the second year students’
vocabulary by learning word classification at MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa.
The problem statement of the research was; to what extent does the learning
of word classifications increase the students’ vocabulary at MTs Madani Pao-Pao
Gowa?
The method used in this research was true-experimental design which was
applied with two groups namely experimental group and controlled group by using
pre-test and post design. The population of this research was the second year students
of MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa in 2011-2012 academic years. The sample of this
research consisted of 27 students taken by applying purposive sampling technique.
The researcher took class A as control class and class B as experimental class where
each class consisted of 27 students. The research variables were Word Classifications
as independent variable and the students’ vocabulary as dependent variable.
The research finding was learning word classification able to increase the
students’ vocabulary. The mean score of students pre-test in experiment group was
4.92 and the students’ score in post-test was 8.96. The mean score of students pre-test
in control group was 6.11 and the students score in post-test was 6.72. From t-test, the
researcher found that the value of t–test 5.78 was higher than t-table 2.00 at the level
of significance 0,05 with degree of freedom (df) = 54. Based on the fact, the
researcher concluded that learning word classification was effective to increase the
second year students’ vocabulary.
A-1
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Vocabulary is very important in all language teaching. Moreover,
vocabulary is a part or language itself. One who is poor on the vocabulary of a
language is impossible to master the language. With regarding to the
importance of vocabulary, many linguists try to find out how to build up
students‟ vocabulary mastery easily, as Allan (1977:149) states that
“vocabulary is an important factor in all language teachings, students must be
continually be learning words as they learn structure and as they practice the
sound system”.
There are many strategies presented to build up the students‟
vocabulary. One of them is to memorize a certain number of words regularly,
but the students still disappointed because most of the words memorize in the
first week will be forgotten in the following week. The researcher tries to find
one technique to make the students master the vocabulary item, classify and
understand the differentiation in kinds of words that are recommended. In this
case word classification is one of them.
The students‟ lack of vocabulary may come from both the students as
the learners and the teacher as the instructor. There are some causes of
students lack of vocabulary, they are; the students‟ laziness in memorizing a
number of words required, the student lack of motivation in learning
vocabulary, the student competence in learning vocabulary.
A-2
2
Allen (1981:6) points out eight factors which may cause the students‟ lack of
vocabulary that come from the teacher, namely:
1. The teacher doesn‟t know which English word the students need or must
learn.
2. The teacher cannot decide whether or not those words are important to
the students.
3. The teacher does not know which aids are available in teaching
vocabulary.
4. The teacher cannot plan the short time to teach many needed words.
5. The teacher doesn‟t know how to encourage the students to take
responsibility for their own vocabulary learning.
6. The teacher cannot device some good ways to know much vocabulary
the students have actually learned.
7. The teacher does not know how to identify which words are easier than
others to learn.
8. The teacher doesn‟t know what she/he should do if a few members of
the class already know words that they often need to learn.
Related to the statement above, it is clear that learning vocabulary is very
important and it is a fundamental requirement that influences the students‟
achievement in learning English.
Based on the issue above, the researcher would like to apply one strategy the
good mastery of vocabulary, and conduct a researcher under the title “Increasing The
Second Year Students’ Vocabulary Mastery by Learning Word Classifications at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa”
A-3
3
B. Problem Statement
Regarded to the background above, the researcher formulates the main
research question as follow: To what extent does the learning of word
classifications increase the students’ vocabulary mastery at MTs Madani
Pao-Pao Gowa?
C. Objective of The Research
From the question above, the objective of the research is to find out
whether or not the use of learning word classifications increase students‟
vocabulary. Especially: noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.
D. Significance of The Research
The result of the research will give useful information for the teaching
process in increasing students‟ vocabulary by learning word classifications.
Besides, this research also provides preliminary data for other reseachers who
want to explore related areas of vocabulary. In practise, the findings can be
applied as a technique in teaching vocabulary to students who have problems
in this area.
E. Scope of The Research
The scope of this research is the researcher focused on enriching the
increase of the students‟ vocabulary by learning word classifications. Then
with activity, the researcher gives vocabulary materils based on some themes
that would be given to the students. The researcher decided to choose noun,
verb, adjective, and adverb.
A-4
4
F. Operational Definition of Terms
a. Vocabulary
Webster in stated that vocabulary is:
a. A list of word and sometimes phrases, usually arranged in alphabetical
order and defined dictionary, glossary or lexicon.
b. All the word of language.
c. All the word uses by particular person, class, profession, etc. sometimes,
all the words recognize and understood by a particular person, although not
necessary used by him (in full, passive vocabulary ).
b. The Classification Of Words
The classification of words applied here is not the traditional
classification which, based mainly on meaning, classifies all English words
commonly into eight parts of speech: Noun, verb, adjective, adverb,
preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It is based on the new
classification which classifies all English words into two main divisions,
namely, class words and function words.
A-5
5
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with some previous research findings, some
pertinent idea, vocabulary and the concept of learning word classification.
A. Previous Related Research Findings
The researcher present some findings, which are related and relevant to
the research as follows:
1. Merdarwati (1997) suggest that in teaching English, the students must be
given more activities in learning vocabulary, in order that they have time to
receive and prprocess of the word.
2. Nur Najmi (2004) stated that, one way to learn vocabulary is know the
derivational process of word, because derivation has two kinds those are
prefixes and suffixes. Therefore, by learning derivation affixes the students
are going to know kind of vocabulary, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and
adverbs.
Based on the research above, the researcher can conclude that teacher
can helps students to master vocabulary by learning word classification, and
giving students chance to produce new words by using derivation.
A-6
6
B. Some pertinent Ideas
1. The Concept of Vocabulary
Talking about language, vocabulary apperas as one of the
central attention because in the implementation of learning, it is a
fundamental requirement to communicate ideas, emition, and desires.
However, we must distinguist betweeen word and vocabulary. It is true that
vocabulary is equivalent to words but terminologically they are different.
Words is any letter sequences which convey the meaning or particular
person, list or correlation of words of a language. The words must be
shorted into different part of speech or some similar group, which separate
the of type of words with large reserve vocabulary from those with
smallreserve.
a. Definition of Vocabulary
There are many definitions of vocabulary. Some of them are quoted in
the following : Hornby in Nurahmah Novianti Ibnu (2007: 6) defines
vocabulary as follows:
a. Vocabulary is the total number of words that make up a language.
b. Vocabulary is the body of words known to a person or used in
particular book, subject, etc.
c. Vocabulary is the list of words with their meaning, especially on
which accompanies a textbook in a foreign language.
Ur stated that vocabulary can defined, roughly, as the words we teach is
the foreign language. However, a new item of vocabulary may be more than a
single word which is made up of two or three words but express a single idea.
A-7
7
There are also multiword idioms where the meaning of the phrase cannot be
defined from an analysis of the component word.
Webster in Nurahmah Novianti Ibnu (2007: 7) stated that vocabulary is:
a. A list of word and sometimes phrases, usually arranged in alphabetical
order and defined dictionary, glossary or lexicon.
b. All the word of language.
c. All the word uses by particular person, class, profession, etc.
sometimes, all the words recognize and understood by a particular person,
although not necessary used by him (in full, passive vocabulary ).
Charles in Nurahmah Novianti Ibnu (2007: 8) described the
importance of the vocabulary in language learning process. He says that
learning and language particularly always means primarily learning the
“ word „‟ of the language.
Allen in Nurahmah Novianti Ibnu (2007: 8) states that vocabulary
is very important in a language when we learn in language, including
English it always mean that we learn the world of the language.
b. Kinds of Vocabulary
Vocabulary is necessary to give students something to hang on to when
learning in kind of subject. Vocabulary also has many classifications as
suggested by some experts, namely : Harmer (1991: 157) divides into two
types, they are:
a. Active Vocabulary
A-8
8
Is refers to vocabulary that has been learned by the students and can
be used in speaking and writing. They are expected to be able to use it.
b. Passive Vocabulary
Is refers to words which students will recognize when they met them,
but they will probably not be able to produce.
In the same sense, the linguistic legget, et.al (1982: 148-149) points
out that everyone has two types of vocabulary. They are passive or
recognition vocabulary and active vocabulary.
Active vocabulary is a vocabulary that consists of working words that
are used in daily writing and speaking. While, a passive vocabulary is a
vocabulary that is recognized in the context or reading materials but are
not really used by anyone.
Good (2004: 6) divides vocabulary into four kinds, they are:
a. Oral Vocabulary
The oral vocabulary is refers to word that a person employs
them in expressing ideas orally and actively. It is consisting of word
actively used in speech used that comes readily to tongue of the one‟s
conversation.
b. Writing Vocabulary
The writing vocabulary is refers to words commonly used in
writing, it is stock of words that come readily to one‟s finger
vocabulary it commonly in writing.
A-9
9
c. Listening Vocabulary
The listening vocabulary is refers to a person can understand
when they are heard.
d. Reading Vocabulary
The reading vocabulary is refers to someone can recognize
them when he finds them in written form.
c. Function of Vocabulary
vocabulary as stated in the definitions is a stock of language, it
has a great function language. People use vocabulary words to
contact language.
Vocabulary is like the bone of or body, without bone our body
will not as able to be as perfect as possible. Without words
(vocabulary), we can not construct ideas written or orally. No body
can express his/her feeling to others. As a teacher, we will be confuse
to explain the lesson to the students. Of course, the vocabulary is a
supposed as the very crucial part of language because without
vocabulary the language can not be principle develop.
d. The Principle of Teaching and Learning Vocabulary
Wellace (1989:2-3) indicates the main principles of learning and
teaching vocabulary as follows:
a. Aims
Teaching should know the aims of the words taught.
A-10
10
b. Quantity
The number of words which students should possess and learn must
be clear.
c. Need
In most cases, the choice of vocabulary taught to student, the teacher
uses course books or syllabus. In any cases, the teacher in choosing the
vocabulary those are going to be taught, will relate to the aim of course and
the adjective s of individual lessons. It is also possible for the teachers, in a
sense, to put the responsibility of choosing the vocabulary to be thought to
the students. In other words, the students are put in the situation where that
have to communicate the words they need, as they need them, using the
words as information.
d. Frequent Expose and Repetition
In teaching and learning vocabulary words, there has to be a certain
amount of repetition until there is evidence that the students have learnt the
target words. The simplest way of checking that the learning has been done
is by seeing whether the students can recognize the target words and
identify their meaning. If the words have to be a part of the students‟
productive vocabulary, they must be given an opportunity to use them, as
often as necessary for them to recall the words at all, with the correct
spelling and pronunciation and identify the meanings.
A-11
11
e. Meaningful Presentation
In presenting the vocabulary lesson, the students must have a clear
specific understanding of what words denotes or refers to. This requires
that the words presented in such a way their denotation and references are
perfect and unambiguous.
f. Situation Presentation
The words presented are appropriate to the student situation. With
favorable condition enough time, consuming and convenient method,
students will automatically succeed in learning vocabulary.
g. Presenting in Context
Words very seldom occur in isolation, so is important for the
students to know the usual collocation that words occur in. so, the from the
very beginning the words must appear in its natural environment as it were
among the words naturally collocates with. Collocation is words which are
commonly associated.
h. Learning Vocabulary in The Mother Tongue and In The Target
Language.
A-12
12
Wallace comment on nine steps to learn or to achieve vocabulary in
the mother tongue and in the target language as follows :
1. There is a felt need.
2. The mother tongue learner mostly controls his own of learning.
3. The mother tongue is exposed to an enormous quantity of his own
language and has tremendous scope of repetition of what he learns.
4. The language is nearly always encountered in appropriate situation and
in the appropriate context.
5. Since of words are learned as they arise out of a felt in a particular
situation, the usually have a clear denotation.
i. Inference (Guessing) Procedures in Vocabulary Learning
Inference is also one of strategies in learning vocabulary in which
the learners are heard on a practice by using a definite knowledge to have a
clear understanding the words they learn. The students infer the meaning of
words by listening or reading them used in certain context and certain
situation. Usually, it is clear in situation what particular thing someone is
referring t; in certain written context o bit more detective work may be
called for. A new vocabulary should not co-occur with difficult structure
and a certain amount of vagueness in guessing the meaning of word must
be accepted (Richard, C. Jack and Long Michael. 1987:313). They further
A-13
13
stated that the teacher should not expect students to come up with exact
meanings while guessing in this manner.
2. Knowing Word
Language students, in particular English need to know the lexis of the
language. They need to learn what words mean and how they are used. Harmer
(1991: 156) clearly describes what the students need to know or he called it
“knowing a word” as follow:
a. Meaning
The first thing to realize about vocabulary items is that they frequently
have more than are meaning. When we come across a word, any try to
decipher its meaning we will have look at the context in which it is used. Or
it can be said students need to understand the importance of meaning in
context.
In addition, words sometimes have meaning in relation to other words.
The relationship between words may be in the forms of:
1. Synonyms, word with the some meanings as other. e.g. bad and evil.
2. Antonyms, word with opposite meanings, e.g. good and bad.
So, it can be concluded that the students need to know about
meaning in context and sense relations.
A-14
14
b. Word Used.
What a words main can be changed, stretched or limited by how it is
used. It is frequently stretched through the use of metaphor, the use of word
or phrase to indicate something different from literal meaning, and idiom, a
phrase or a sentence which has a special meaning of its own.
Example:
Word “hiss” describes the noise that snakes make, its meaning can be
stretched to describe the way people talk to each other. e.g. “don‟t move or
you‟re‟ she hissed, metaphorical language use.
c. Word Formation
Words can change their shapes and their grammatical values, too.
Students need to know fact about word formation and how to twist words to
fit grammatical context.
Students need to know how suffixes and prefixes work and how words
are spelt and they sound. Indeed the way words are stressed is vital if
students are t be able to understand and use words in speech. Part of learning
a word is learning its written and spoken form.
Word formation, then, means knowing how words are written and
spoken and knowing how they can change their form
A-15
15
d. Word Grammar
Just as a words change according to their grammatical meaning, so the
use of certain words can trigger the use of certain grammatical patterns.
Some examples will show what this means.
We make a distinction between countable and uncountable nouns.
1. The former can be both plural and singular.
2. Verb complementation, phrasal verbs, etc.
3. Adjectives and adverb position, etc.
3. The Concept of Word Classifications
a. The Classification Of Words
The classification of words applied here is not the traditional
classification which, based mainly on meaning, classifies all English words
commonly into eight parts of speech: Noun, verb, adjective, adverb,
preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It is based on the new
classification which classifies all English words into two main divisions,
namely, class words and function words. This classification is consistently
based on form. The class words can be further subdivided into: (1) class 1
words (noun), (2) class 2 words (verbs), (3) class 3 words which are called
the parts of speech (Abdul Muis Baddulu : 15). The majority of English
words belong to these four parts of speech. The other words which do not
belong to these four parts of speech are called function words, namely,
A-16
16
words which do not have lexical meanings. These function words always
occur with the parts of speech to form phrases.
b. The Identification Part of Speech
1. Noun
The noun is one of the most important parts of speech. Its
arrangement with the verb helps to form the sentence core which
essential to every complete sentence. In addition, it may function the
chief or “head” word in many structures of modification.
2. Pronoun
Pronouns make up a small class a word of very high frequency.
The traditional definition of a pronoun as “a word that takes the place of
noun” is applicable to some types of pronoun but not to others. Those
pronouns that are actual substitutes may refer not only to a preceding
noun-its antecedent-but to a larger part of a discourse that precedes.
Those pronouns that are not substitutes may simply have indefinite
reference or express indefinite quantity.
3. Verbs
The verb is the most complex part of speech. Its varying
arrangements with nouns determine the different kinds of sentences-
statements, questions, commands, exclamations. Like the noun, the verb
has thee grammatical properties of person and number, properties which
A-17
17
require with the subject. But the verb also has several other grammatical
properties that are shared with no other part of speech. These properties
are: tense, voice, mood, aspect.
4. Adjectives
The adjective is a modifier that has the grammatical properties of
comparison. It is often identified by special derivational ending or by
special adverbial modifiers that precede it. Its most usual position is
before the noun it modifies. But it fills other position as well.
5. Adverb
It has been customary to include the most disparate elements
among the adverb, frequently those that cannot be put into any other part
of speech classifications. Adverb range in meaning from words having a
strong lexical content (those that describe the action of the verb, or those
that indicate such meanings as time and place) to those that are used
merely for emphasis.
6. Conjunctions
Most conjunctions are historically derived from other part of
speech, particularly from prepositions. Like prepositions, the
conjunctions are members of a small class that have no characteristic
form. They functions chiefly as no movable structure words that join
such as a part of speech, phrases, or clauses.
A-18
18
7. Prepositions
The preposition is classified as a part of speech in traditional
grammar. However, prepositions as well as conjunctions differ from
other parts of speech in that (1) each is composed of a small class of
words that have no formal characteristic endings; (2) each signals
syntactic structures that functions as one of the other part of speech. For
these reasons modern linguists prefer to classify prepositions as
structure words rather than as a part of speech.
8. Interjection
An interjection is used to show surprise or emotion. They are
usually short phrases such as “oh no!” or “Good Lord!”
C. Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this researcher is illustrated as below:
a. INPUT : The material about the word classification. How the words drive
from one class to another class. For example, noun to adjective,
noun to verb, verb to adjective, verb to noun.
b. PROCESS :Refers to the teaching vocabulary matrial by learning word
classification, the process of decoding, repetion, identifying letter,
word, and then sentence in order to get the meaning. Then, the
other teaching and learning process are intended to help students
understand what the meaning of word.
A-19
19
c. OUT PUT : Refers to the students vocabulary in learning through word
classification, after the teaching and learning process is influence
in increase the students‟ vocabulary.
D. Hypothesis
In this research, the research applies the hypothesis as follow:
a. Null Hypothesis (Ho); learning word classification is not effective in increasing
students‟ vocabulary.
b. Alternative Hypothesis (H1); is the use of learning word classification
significantly increased students‟ vocabulary.
A-20
20
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This research present research design, population and sample, research
variables and operational definition, instrument of the research, procedure of
collecting data and techniques of data analysis.
A. Research Design
The method used experimental research where the write used
experimental class to design. The treatment applied. The experimental method
involved pre-test and post-test design.
The design of the experiment will be presented as follow:
01 x 02
Where:
01 : Pretest
X : Treatment
02 : Posttest
(Gay, 1981)
B. Population and Sample
a. Population
The population of this research was the second years students of MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa 2010-2011. The number of population were 27
students, consist of two classes. They were class A and class B..
A-21
21
b. Sample
The researcher used the purposive sampling technique. So the researcher
took class B as th experimental class and class A as the control class.
There were 27 students as samples.
C. Research Variables
This research consist of two variables, they were:
a. Independent variable
The independent variable of this research is word classifications in
learning vocabulary.
b. Dependent variable
Dependent variable of this research is increasing vocabulary of the
students.
D. Instrument of the Research
In collecting data, the writers employed vocabulary test as pre-test and
in Post-test was intended to see the prior knowledge of the students to
increase vocabulary before giving treatment, which the post test was
administrated to know the students achievement after giving treatment.
A-22
22
E. Procedure of Collecting Data
The procedures of collecting data are presented as follow:
a. Pre-Test
The Pre-Test was administrated before giving the treatment to know
student previous knowledge in vocabulary.
b. The Treatment
The researcher carried out the treatment for eight times with different
topics for each meeting.
1. The first meeting the researcher explains the whole of part of speech
(definition, kinds, and form).
2. The second meeting the researcher explains about noun. Then. The
students are taught are to identify noun.
3. The thirty meeting the researcher explains about adjective.
4. The next meeting the researcher explains about verb.
5. The fifth meeting the researcher explains bout adverb.
6. The following meeting the researcher explains the derivation from noun
and verb.
7. The seventh meeting the researcher explains about the derivation of
adjective and adverb.
A-23
23
8. The researcher give a test as to give protest the preparation posttest.
c. Post-Test
The Post-Test was administrated after the treatment was conducted. The
researcher employed pre-test and post-test. It aimed at finding out the
students‟ vocabulary achievement.
F. Techniques of Data Analysis
In the analysis the data collected through the pre-test, the researcher
would use t-test, the procedure as following:
a. Scoring the students` answer
b. Classifying the students` vocabulary mastery by used the following
rating
1. 9.6 to 10 classified as excellent
2. 8.6 to 9.5 classified as very good
3. 7.6 to 8.5 classified as good
4. 6.6 to 7.5 classified as fairly good
5. 5.6 to 6 .5 classified as fair
6. 3.6 to 5.5 classified as poor
7. 0.0 to 3.5 classified as very poor
A-24
24
c. Calculating the mean score by applied the formula:
𝑋 = 𝑋
𝑁
Where: X = Mean score
𝑋 = The sum of all scores
N = the total number of students
(Gay, 1981 : 298)
d. Calculating the post-test result and consulting their difference for
hypothesis testing, the formula:
t =
2121
21
21
11
2 nnnn
SSSS
Where : t = Test of significance
X1 = Mean Score of Control Class
X2 = Mean Score of Experimental Class
SS1 = the Sum of Square of Experiment Class
SS2 = the Sum of Square Control Class
n1 = the Subject of Experiment Class
n 2 = the Subject of Control Class
(Gay, 2006: 349)
A-25
25
e. Computing the frequency and the percentage of he students‟ scores
P =
Where : P = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = The total number of students
A-26
26
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two sections, the finding of the research and
discussion of the research. Based on the data analysis, it was found that as follows:
A. Finding
As explained before that one of the way to collect data was by administering
test. The test was done twice, namely pre-test and post-test. Pre test, which had
given before the treatment and the post-test, had given after treatment.
1. The Classification of Students’ Pre-test and Post-test Scores in
Experimental Group
Table 1
The rate percentage of score experimental group in pre-test
No Classification score Frequnecy Percentage
1 excellent 9.6-1.0 0 0%
2 very good 8.6-9.5 0 0%
3 good 7.6-8.5 0 0%
4 fairly good 6.6-7.5 4 14.80%
5 fair 5.6-6.5 6 22.20%
6 poor 3.6-5.5 14 51.90%
7 very poor 0.0-3.5 3 11.10%
TOTAL
27 100%
A-27
27
Table 1 above shows the rate percentage and frequency of score of
experimental group in pre-test from 27 students, no one of the student got
excellent, very good, and good score. There were 4 (14.8%) students got fairly
good, 6 (22.2%) students got fair score, 14 (51.9%) students got poor score and
3 (11.1%) students acquired very poor score.
Table 2
The rate percentage of score experimental group in post-test No Classification score Frequnecy Percentage
1 excellent 9.6-10 2 7.4%
2 very good 8.6-9.5 14 51.9%
3 good 7.6-8.5 11 407
4 fairly good 6.6-7.5 0 0%
5 fair 5.6-6.5 0 0%
6 poor 3.6-5.5 0 0%
7 very poor 0.0-3.5 0 0%
TOTAL
27 100%
While, the rate percentage of score of experimental group in post-test
from 27 students as table 2 above shows that 2 (7.4%) students got excellent
score, 14 (51.9%) students got very good, 11 (40.7%) students acquired good
score. And no one of the students acquired fairly good, fair, poor, and very poor
score.
A-28
28
Based on the result above, it can be conclude that the rate percentage in
post-test was higher than the rate percentage in pre-test.
2. The Classification of Students’ Pre-test and Post-test Scores in
Controlled Group
Table 3
The rate percentage of score controlled group in pre-test
No Classification score Frequnecy Percentage
1 excellent 9.6-10 0 0%
2 very good 8.6-9.5 0 0%
3 good 7.6-8.5 0 0%
4 fairly good 6.6-7.5 9 33.3%
5 fair 5.6-6.5 10 37.0%
6 poor 3.6-5.5 7 26%
7 very poor 0.0-3.5 1 3.7%
TOTAL
27 100%
Table 3 shows the rate percentage of score of controlled group in pre-
test from 27 students, none of the students got excellent, very good, and good
score. There were 9 (33.3%) students got fairly good score, 10 (37.0%) students
got fair score, 7 (26%) students got poor, and 1 (3.7%) students acquired very
poor score.
A-29
29
Table 4
The rate percentage of score controlled group in post-test
No Classification Score Frequnecy Percentage
1 excellent 9.6-10 0 0%
2 very good 8.6-9.5 0 0%
3 good 7.6-8.5 6 22.2%
4 fairly good 6.6-7.5 8 29.6%
5 fair 5.6-6.5 6 22.2%
6 poor 3.6-5.5 7 26%
7 very poor 0.0-3.5 0 0%
TOTAL
27 100%
While, the rate percentage of score of controlled group in post-test from
27 students as table 4 above shows, no one of the students go excellent and
very good score. There were 6 (22.2%) students got good score, 8 (29.6%)
students got fairly good score, 6 (22.2%) students got fair score, 7 (26%)
students got poor score, no one of the students acquired very poor score.
A-30
30
3. The Mean Score of Experimental Group and Controlled Group
PRE TEST AND POST-TEST DATA ANALYZING
Mean Scores (Experiment group)
Experiment Group (X1)
𝑋1 = 𝑥1𝑁
𝑋1 =133
27
= 4,92
l
Experiment Group (X2)
𝑋2 = 𝑥2𝑁
𝑋2 =242
27
𝑋2 = 8,96
A-
31
PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST DATA ANALYZING
Mean Scores (Control Group)
Control Group (X1)
𝑋1 = 𝑥1𝑁
𝑋1 =165
27
𝑋1 = 6,11
Control Group (X2)
𝑋2 = 𝑥2𝑁
𝑋2 =181,5
27
𝑋2 = 6,72
A-
32
After calculating the result of the students score, the mean score of both groups
are presented in the following table:
Table 5
The mean score of experimental group and controlled group
Group Mean Score Standard Deviation
Experimental 4.92 8.96
Controlled 6.11 6.72
The table above shows that, the mean score of experimental group in pre-
test was 4.92 and post-test was 8.96, while the mean score of controlled group in
pre-test was 6.11 and post-test was 6.72.
The significant score between experimental and controlled group can be
known by using t-test. The result of t-test can be seen in table 6 as follows:
SSS VALUE
SS1 = 2
12
1n
SS1 = 2
27
2425.2179
SS1 = 27
585645.2179
SS1 = 03.21695.2179
A-
33
SS1 = 10.47
SS2 = 2
22
2n
X
SS2 = 2
27
5.18117.1321
SS2 = 27
25.3294217.1321
SS2 = 08.122017.1321
SS2 = 101.09
The Significance Different
96.81 X SS1 = 10,47
72,62 X SS2 = 101.09
t =
2121
21
21
11
2 nnnn
SSSS
t =
27
1
27
1
22727
09.10147.10
72.696.8
t =
27
2
52
56.111
24.2
A-
34
t = 07.0145.2
24.2
t =15.0
24.2
t =387.0
24.2
tHitung = 5,78
Table 6
Distribution the value of t-test and t-table
Variable t-test value t-table value
Posttest 5.78 2.00
The table above that t-test value was higher than t-table. The result of the
test shows there was significant difference between t-table and t-test (2.00<5.78),
its means that, t-table was smaller than t-test.
The result of the t-test statistical analysis shows that there was significant
difference between the experimental group who got treatment by learning Word
Classification with controlled group. The statement was proved by the t-test value
(5,78) which higher than t-table value (2.00), at the level of significance 0,05 and
the degree of freedom
(N1 + N2)-2 = (27+27) - 2 = 5
A-
35
B. Discussion
Based on the data analysis in the previous section shows that the students‟
post-test of experimental group from 27 students, that 2 (7.4%) students got excellent
score, 14 (51.9%) students got very good, 11 (40.7%) students acquired good score.
And no one of the students acquired fairly good, fair, poor, and very poor score.
While the data analysis from the students‟ post-test of controlled group from
27 students, no one of the students got excellent and very good score. There were 6
(22.2%) students got good score, 8 (29.6%) students got fairly good score, 6 (22.2%)
students got fair score, 7 (26%) students got poor score, no one of the students
acquired very poor score.
The mean score of the students‟ post-test of experimental group was higher
(8.96) than the students‟ of controlled group (6.72). Its means that the alternative
hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected.
Based on the result above, it can be concluded that, use of learning Word
Classification increasing the students‟ vocabulary at the second year students‟ of MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa.
A-
36
CHAPTER V
A. Conclusion
Based on the finding of the research and the discussion in chapter IV, the
researcher concluded the summary, the second year students of MTs Madani Pao-
Pao Gowa could increase their vocabulary after giving treatment learning word
classification. It was provided by the score that they got in pre-test was 4.92 and in
post-test was 8.96, while the mean score of controlled group in pre-test was 6.11 and
in post-test was 6.72. It meant that there was a progress score after the students got
treatment learning word classification and also got higher than those who got
treatment without learning word classification. It was provided by the t-test value
was 5.78 which was greater than the t-table (2.00). Thus, this method was effective
to increase the students‟ vocabulary mastery.
B. Suggestion
Considering the result of this research, the researcher offers some suggestion as
follow:
1. Teacher should be more creative to choose method or strategies to teach
vocabulary.
2. Teacher should teach students about word classsification in order to increase the
students‟ vocabulary mastery.
3. Teacher should know how to encourage the students to take responsibility for
their own vocabulary learning.
4. The teacher should know which aids are available in teaching vocabulary and
which English word the students need or must learn.
A-
37
5. It is suggested that the researchers conduct similar researcher for the sake of
getting better result of the research, so that the students get improvement in their
learning.
A-
38
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abdul Muis Baddulu. 2004. English Syntax. Badan Penerbit UNM Makassar.
Andrew Mc. Carthy, Hariyono Rudy. 2008. ABC Plus English Grammar.
Gitamedia Press.
Azar Betty Schrampfer. 2003. Fundamentals of English Grammar. Longman.
Arsyad azhar, 1996, Improve your English Structure. P.T. Al-qushwa Jakarta.
Arsyad Azhar. 2003. STEP by STEP. Pustaka Pelajar.
Arsyad Azhar. 2007. Dasar-Dasar Penguasaan Bahasa Inggris. Pustaka Pelajar.
Baehaqi Imam. 2005. Practical English Grammar. Pustaka Pelajar.
Bowen J Donald, Madsen Harold. 1985. TESOL TECHNIQUES AND
PROCEDURES. NEWBURY HOUSE PUBLISHERS.
Dahriani. 2004. The Effectiveness of Pictures Story In Teaching Vocabulary to
The first Years Students of SLTPN 2 Bantimurung. A. Thesis FBS
UNM.
Damasius Sonda. 2010. Improving Vocab of The second Years Students of SLTP
Hasanuddin Gowa Through Interactive technique. STIKIP YPUP
Makassar.
Drs. H. Nur Asik, M.Hum. 2004. Standard English Vocabulary and Nex X-y
Theory. Yayasan Fatiya.
Drs. LA PASSA, M.Pd, Drs. Muhammad Amin Rasyid, DIP, TESL, M.A. 1988.
Morphology to Syntax. Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa Seni (FPBS IKIP )
Ujung Pandang.
Gay, L. R. 1981. Education Research: Competencies for analysis and
Application. Second Addition. A. Bell & Howel Company: London.
Good. 1959. Dictionary of Education. New York. Mc. Grow hill Book Company.
Harmer Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of English Language. New Edition London.
Oxford university Press.
Hidayat, Rachmat Taufiq. 1996. Kosa Kata Bahasa Inggris. Pustaka Pelajar
Yogyakarta.
Hornby AS. 1989. Oxford University Learners Dictionary Current English
Longman. University Press.
2
Huddleston Rodney. 1988. English Grammar an Outline. Cambridge University
Press. New York.
M. Echols John and Shadil Hasan. 2005. An English-Indonesian Dictionary. PT
Gramedia Jakarta.
Najmi Nur. 2004. The Ability of the Second Year Students of SMA PGRI 2
Makassar in Using Noun. Thesis of FPBS IKIP Ujung Pandang.
Nurahmah, Novianti Ibnu. 2007. Improving the Vocabulary Mastery of The First
Year Students of SMA NEGERI 5 Makassar Through Community
language learning (CCL) Method. Unpublished A. Thesis FBS.
Marcella Frank. MODERN ENGLISH a practical reference guide. New York
University.
Pora Yusran. 2002. Develop Your Vocabulary Grammar and Idiom. Pustaka
Pelajar.
Orion, Gertrude. 1998. Pronouncing American English. Heinle and Heinle
Publisher.
Thomson. J, Martinet.V. 1995. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University
Press.
Wallace, Michael. 1989. Teaching Vocabulary. New York. Oxford University
Press.
CURICULUM VITAE
Nur Hamzah, was born at Maros, April, 15th
1988.
He graduated his study at elementary school at SD 05
Inpres Hasanuddin and graduated in 2001. In 2004 he
graduated at junior high school at Ponpes Darul
Aman Gombara, Makassar. Then, he continued his
study at senior high school at the same school and graduated in 2007. In the
same year he was accepted in English Education Department (PBI) of Tarbiyah
and Teaching Sciences Faculty at Alauddin State Islamic University of
Makassar (UIN). He is the member of LPAB (Lembaga Pendidikan Anak
Bangsa) Sul-Sel, member of HPPMI, he was one of supervisor of HMJ PBI. In
his life he is eager to dedicate his knowledge for social life.
A-1
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
A-2
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX I
The Classification of Students’ Pre Test (experiment Group)
RESPONDENT SCORE CLASSIFICATION
1 4 Poor
2 6 Fair
3 7 Fairly good
4 5 Poor
5 5 Poor
6 2,5 Very poor
7 5 Poor
8 6,5 Fair
9 4 Poor
10 4,5 Poor
11 4 Poor
12 6 Fair
13 6,5 Fair
14 3,5 Very poor
15 4,5 Poor
16 6,5 Fair
17 5 Poor
A-3
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
18 4 Poor
19 7 Fairly good
20 3 Very poor
21 5,5 Poor
22 4 Poor
23 7,5 Fairly good
24 6 Fair
25 5,5 Poor
26 7 Fairly good
27 4 Poor
A-4
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX II
The Classification of Students’ Post Test (Experiment group)
RESPONDENT SCORE CLASSIFICATION
1 8 Good
2 8,5 Good
3 9,5 Very good
4 9 Very good
5 9,5 Very good
6 9,5 Very good
7 8,5 Good
8 8,5 Good
9 8 Good
10 9 Very good
11 8 Good
12 9,5 Very good
13 8 Good
14 9,5 Very good
15 8,5 Good
16 10 Excellent
A-5
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
17 9,5 Very good
18 8 Good
19 9 Good
20 8,5 Good
21 9 Very good
22 9,5 Very good
23 9,5 Very good
24 9 Very good
25 9 Very good
26 9,5 Very good
27 10 Excellent
A-6
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX III
The Classification of Students’ Pre Test (Control Group)
RESPONDENT SCORE CLASSIFICATION
1 7 Fairly good
2 6,5 Fair
3 7,5 Fairly good
4 7 Fairly good
5 7 Fairly good
6 6,5 Fair
7 4 Poor
8 7,5 Fairly good
9 4,5 Poor
10 6,5 Fair
11 5,5 Poor
12 3,5 Very poor
13 7,5 Fairly good
14 6 Fair
15 7 Fairly good
16 6 Fair
A-7
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
17 7 Fairly good
18 7,5 Fairly good
19 6,5 Fair
20 4,5 Poor
21 6,5 Fair
22 6 Fair
23 6 Fair
24 5 Poor
25 6,5 Fair
26 5 Poor
27 5,5 Poor
A-8
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX IV
The Classification of Students’ Post Test (Control Group)
RESPONDENT SCORE CLASSIFICATION
1 7,5 Fairly good
2 8 Good
3 7 Fairly good
4 8,5 Good
5 5 Poor
6 8,5 Good
7 7,5 Fairly good
8 7 Fairly good
9 5 Poor
10 6,5 Fair
11 4,5 Poor
12 7 Fairly good
13 8 Good
14 7,5 Fairly good
15 7,5 Fairly good
16 6,5 Fair
A-9
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
17 8,5 Good
18 7,5 Fairly good
19 5,5 Poor
20 5,5 Poor
21 5,5 Poor
22 6 Fair
23 5 Poor
24 6 Fair
25 6,5 Fair
26 6 Fair
27 8 Good
A-10
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX V
The Raw Score and Square of Experiment Group
EXPERIMENT
GROUP
X1
pre test X1
2 X2
post test X2
2
D
(X2- X1) D
2
1 4 16 8 64 4 16
2 6 36 8,5 72,25 2,5 6,25
3 7 49 9,5 90,25 2,5 6,25
4 5 25 9 81 4 16
5 5 25 9,5 90,25 4,5 20,25
6 2,5 6,25 9,5 90,25 7 49
7 5 25 8,5 72,25 3,5 12,25
8 6,5 42,25 8,5 72,25 2 4
9 4 16 8 64 4 16
10 4,5 20,25 8 81 4,5 20,25
11 4 16 8 64 4 16
12 6 36 9,5 90,25 3,5 12,25
13 6,5 42,25 8 643,5 1,5 2,25
14 3,5 12,25 9,5 90,25 6 36
15 4,5 20,25 8,5 72,25 4 16
16 6,5 42,25 10 100 5,5 30,25
17 5 25 9,5 90,25 4,5 20,25
18 4 16 8 64 4 16
19 7 49 9 81 2 4
20 3 9 8,5 72,25 5,5 30,25
A-11
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
21 5.5 30,25 9 81 3,5 12,25
22 4 16 9,5 90,25 5,5 30,25
23 7,5 56,25 9,5 90,25 2 4
24 6 36 9 81 3 9
25 5,5 30,25 9 81 3,5 12,25
26 7 49 9,5 90,25 2,5 6,25
27 4 16 10 100 6 36
TOTAL 133 762,5 242 217,9 1O5 459,5
A-12
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX VI
The Raw Score and Square of Control Group
CONTROL
GROUP
X1
pre test X1
2 X2
post test X2
2
D
(X2-
X1)
D2
1 7 49 7,5 56,25 0,5 0,25
2 6,5 42,25 8 64 1,5 2,25
3 7,5 56,25 7 49 -0,5 0,25
4 7 49 8,5 72,25 1,5 2,25
5 7 49 5 25 -2 4
6 6,5 42,25 8,5 72,25 2 4
7 4 16 7,5 56,25 3,5 12,25
8 7,5 56,25 7 49 -0,5 0,25
9 4,5 20,25 5 25 0,5 0,25
10 6,5 42,25 6,5 42,25 0 0
11 5,5 30,25 4,5 20,25 -1 1
12 3,5 12,25 7 49 3,5 12,25
13 7,5 56,25 8 64 0,5 0,25
14 6 36 7,5 56,25 1,5 2,25
15 7 49 7,5 56,25 0,5 0,25
16 6 36 6,5 42,25 0,5 0,25
17 7 49 8,5 72,25 1,5 2,25
18 7,5 56,25 7,5 56,25 0 0
19 6,5 42,25 5,5 30,25 -1 1
A-13
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
20 4,5 20,25 5,5 30,25 1 1
21 6,5 42,25 5,5 30,25 -1 1
22 6 36 6 36 0 0
23 6 36 5 25 -1 1
24 5 25 6 36 1 1
25 6,5 42,25 6,5 42,25 0 0
26 5 25 6 36 1 1
27 5,5 30,25 8 64 2,5 6,25
TOTAL 165 1047 181,5 1321,17 15,5 52,5
A-14
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at
MTs Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX VII
PRE TEST AND POST-TEST DATA ANALYZING
Mean Scores
Experiment Group (X1)
𝑋1 = 𝑥1𝑁
𝑋1 =133
27
𝑋1 = 4,92
Experiment Group (X2)
𝑋2 = 𝑥2𝑁
𝑋2 =242
27
𝑋2 = 8,96
A-15
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX VIII
PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST DATA ANALYZING
Mean Scores
Control Group (X1)
𝑋1 = 𝑥1𝑁
𝑋1 =165
27
𝑋1 = 6,11
Control Group (X2)
𝑋2 = 𝑥2𝑁
𝑋2 =181,5
27
𝑋2 = 6,72
A-16
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX IX
SSS VALUE
SS1 = 2
12
1n
SS1 = 2
27
2425.2179
SS1 = 27
585645.2179
SS1 = 03.21695.2179
SS1 = 10.47
SS2 = 2
22
2n
X
SS2 = 2
27
5.18117.1321
SS2 = 27
25.3294217.1321
SS2 = 08.122017.1321
SS2 = 101.09
A-17
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX X
The Significance Different
96.81 X SS1 = 10,47
72,62 X SS2 = 101.09
t =
2121
21
21
11
2 nnnn
SSSS
t =
27
1
27
1
22727
09.10147.10
72.696.8
t =
27
2
52
56.111
24.2
t = 07.0145.2
24.2
t =15.0
24.2
t =387.0
24.2
tHitung = 5,78
A-18
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX XI
Distribution of t –Table
Df
Level of Significance for two-tailed test
0,5 0,2 0,1 0,05 0,02 0,01
Level of Significance for one-tailed test
0,25 0,1 0 0,025 0,01 0.005
1 1.000 3.078 6.314 12.706 31,821 63.657
2 0.816 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.926
3 0.765 1.638 2.353 3.183 4.541 5.841
4 0.741 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 0.727 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 0.718 1.440 1.943 2.447 2.143 3.707
7 0.711 1.451 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
8 0.706 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 0. 703 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 0.700 1.372 1.812 2.226 2.764 3.169
11 0.697 1.363 1.769 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 0.695 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 0.694 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.120
14 0.692 1.345 1.761 2.143 2.624 2.977
15 0.691 1.341 1.753 2.331 2.604 2.947
16 0.690 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 0.689 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
18 0.688 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
19 0.688 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
20 0.687 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845
21 0.686 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831
22 0.686 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.505 2.819
23 0.685 1.319 1.714 2.690 2.500 2.807
24 0.685 1.318 1.711 2.640 2.492 2.797
25 0.684 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
26 0.684 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
27 0.684 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
28 0.683 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763
29 0.683 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
30 0.683 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
40 0.681 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
60 0.679 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
120 0.677 1.289 1.658 2.890 2.358 2.617
0.674 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576
A-19
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX XII
Instrument
Pre-test and Post-test
Circle the suitable in the bracket with the bold word!
My family (1. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) lives in Ujung Pandang (2. noun, adjective,
verb, adverb), South Sulawesi. There are six members of my family. My mother and my father
lives in small (3. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) house. The house is very comfortable (4. noun,
adjective, verb, adverb). My unmarried brother lives (5. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) with
them. My married brother and sister live in different house (6. noun, adjective, verb, adverb).
My father works (7. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) diligently (8. noun, adjective, verb,
adverb) in an office. He is government (9. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) employee. My mother
works at home. She takes (10. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) care of the house. My sister, Farida,
is a teacher (11. noun, adjective, verb, adverb). She teaches (12. noun, adjective, verb, adverb)
in a senior high school. Her husband (13. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) is a teacher, too. Farida
and her husband have two children. My brother, Hasan is a doctor. His wife is a secretary. She
works in large (14. noun, adjective, verb, adverb) office downtown (15. noun, adjective, verb,
adverb). My brother, Ahmad is a student (16. noun, adjective, verb, adverb). He studies (17.
noun, adjective, verb, adverb) religion (18. noun, adjective, verb, adverb). He is not married
(19. noun, adjective, verb, adverb), but he doesn’t everything happily (20. noun, adjective, verb,
adverb).
Score Classification
Name : Reg. Number : ass :
A-20
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
APPENDIX XIII
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the first meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about Part of Speech (definition, kinds, and
form).
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to know part of speech.
4. Teaching Material
The researcher explains about part of speech.
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about Part of Speech.
The researcher explains about definition, kinds and form.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
A-21
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
6. Instrument
Instrument : ABC Plus English Grammar written by Andrew Mc. Carthy and Drs.
Rudi Hariyono.
7. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in
the classroom.
A-22
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the second meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about Noun (function, and types of nouns)
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to understand function of noun.
The students are able to understand types of noun.
4. Teaching Material
What is noun
Function, types of nouns.
Types of noun:
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about noun.
The researcher explains about function and types of noun.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
A-23
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
6. Instrument
Instrument : ABC Plus English Grammar written by Andrew Mc. Carthy and Drs.
Rudy Hariyono.
7. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in the
classroom.
A-24
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the third meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about Adjective (function and types of
adjective).
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to identify adjective in sentences.
4. Teaching Material
What is adjective
Function of adjective.
Types of adjective.
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about Adjective.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
A-25
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
6. Instrument
Instrument : ABC Plus English Grammar written by Andrew Mc. Carthy and
Drs. Rud Hariyono.
7. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in
the classroom.
A-26
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the forth meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about Verb (types of verbs).
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to identify verb in sentences.
The students are able to understand types of verbs.
4. Teaching Material
What is verb
Types of verb
Reguler Verbs
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle meaning
Accept accepted accepted Menerima
Advised advised advised menasehati
Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Past Tense Past Pariciple Meaning
See saw seen melihat
Eat ate eaten makan
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
A-27
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about Verb.
The researcher explains about types of verbs.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
6. Instrument
Instrument : - ABC Plus English Grammar written by Andrew Mc. Carthy and Drs.
Rudi Hariyono.
- Dasar-Dasar Penguasaan Bahasa Inggris by Azhar Arsyad.
7. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in the
classroom.
A-28
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the fifth meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about Adverb (types of adverb).
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to understand types of adverb.
4. Teaching Material
What is adverb
Types of adverb
A. Adverb of manner: carefully, slowly, bravely
B. Adverb of place: here, in Jakarta, on the table
C. Adverb of time: today, every year, last night.
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about Adverb.
The researcher explains about types of adverb.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
A-29
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
Conclude the material.
6. Instrument
Instrument : ABC Plus English Grammar written by Andrew Mc. Carthy and Drs. Rudi
Hariyono.
7. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in the
classroom.
A-30
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the sixth meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about the derivation from Noun and Verb.
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to understand the derivation of noun.
The students are able to understand the derivation of verb.
4. Teaching Material
Noun to Adjective Suffixes
Friend Friendly -ly
Danger Dangerous -ous
Universe Universal -al
Noun to Verb Suffixes
Organ Organize -ize
Moral Moralize -ize
Verb to Adjective Suffixes
Create Creative -ive
Read Readable -able
Interest Interesting -ing
A-31
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
Verb to Noun Suffixes
Govern Government -ment
Write Writing -ing
Act Action -ion
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about the derivation from noun and verb.
The researcher explains about the derivation of noun.
The researcher explains about the derivation of verb.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
6. Instrument
Instrument: - Morphology to syntax b Drs. LA Passa, M.Pd
- Standard English Vocabulary by Drs. H. Nur Asik, M. Hum
7. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in the
classroom.
A-32
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the seventh meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about the derivation of Adjective and Adverb.
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to understand the derivation of adjective.
The students are able to understand the derivation of adverb.
4. Teaching Material
Adjective to Noun Suffixes
Active Activity -ity
Kind Kindness -ness
Happy happiness -ness
Adjective to Verb Suffixes
Sharp Sharpen -en
Just Justify -ify
Adjective to Adverb Suffixes
Happy Happily -ly
Diligent diligently -ly
A-33
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
Recognizing about the material.
b. Initial Activity
The teacher/researcher explains about the derivation of adjective and adverb.
The researcher explains about the derivation of adjective.
The researcher explains about the derivation of adverb.
The researcher allows students to ask what they done understand about the topic.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
5. Instrument
Instrument : - Morphology to syntax by Drs. LA Passa, M.Pd
- Develop Your Vocabulary Grammar and Idiom by Yusran Pora
6. Evaluation:
Procedure : The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in the
classroom.
A-34
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
LESSON PLAN
1. Identity:
Subject : English
Skill : Vocabulary
Class : VIII. B (Experiment Class) Treatment
Duration : 2 x 60 minutes (the eight meeting)
2. General Instructional Object:
The students will be able to understand about topic.
3. Special Instructional Object:
Through this activity, the students are expected to be able to:
The students are able to identify part of speech.
4. Teaching Material
The researcher give a test as to give protest the preparation posttest.
5. Teaching Procedure:
a. First Activity
Greeting/recognizing.
The teacher/researcher takes attendance list and read the students name.
The teacher/researcher gives motivation.
b. Initial Activity
The researcher give a test as to give protest the preparation posttest.
c. Final Activity
Asking the students’ difficulty.
Conclude the material.
A-35
Increasing the Second Year Students vocabulary by Learning Word Classification at MTs
Madani Pao-Pao Gowa
6. Instrument
Instrument: - ABC Plus English Grammar written by Andrew Mc. Carthy and Drs.
Rudi Hariyono.
- Morphology to syntax b Drs. LA Passa, M.Pd
7. Evaluation:
Procedure: The teacher/researcher did evaluation based on the students` activity in the
classroom.