inc 37-38-13-i
TRANSCRIPT
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37-38. Orden DECAPODA
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Macrocheira kaempferi
“cangrejo gigante del Japón”, long. Casi 4 m
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Pseudocarcinus gigasAncho del cefalotórax 41 cmAustralia
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Homarus americanus, long. 60 cmNueva Inglaterra y costa AtlánticaDe Canadá
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DIAGRAMA GENERALIZADO DE UN DECAPODO DEL Suborden DENDROBRANCHIATA “LANGOSTINO”
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DIAGRAMA GENERALIZADO DE UN DECAPODO DEL Infraorden BRACHYURA
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MORFOLOGIA
EXTERNA E INTERNA
DE UN DECAPODO
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ESTOMAGO DEL CANGREJO DE RIO Astacus sp. VISTA LATERAL DE UNA DISECCION
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Ocypode sp.
“cangrejo carretero”
Playas arenosas
OCYPODIDAE
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INFRAORDEN BRACHYURA: GECARCINIDAE
Hyalocarcinus humei, cangrejo terrestre.
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PORTUNIDAE
PORTUNIDAE
Portunus puber, alimentándose. Comestible en Europa.
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Uca sp., hembra.
“cangrejo violinista”
Playas arenofan-gosas.
OCYPODIDAE
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Birgus latro,“cangrejo ladrónde los cocoteros”
INFRAORDEN ANOMURA
COENOBITIDAE
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Alimentación por filtración enEmerita El cangrejo se entierra cara al mar. Las anténulasllevan agua a las cámaras branquiales, y las segundas antenas filtran el plancton.
Las flechas indican la direc-ción del agua en la resaca.
Infraorden ANOMURA
HIPPIDAE
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Infraorden BRACHYURA PINNOTHERIDAE
Pinnotheres pisum, long. 5,0 mm. Comensal del “mejillón” europeo.
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Reducción progresiva de la en-trada del agua a las cámaras branquiales, en Decapoda
Tipos de branquias enDecapoda: A y B, dendrobranquia;C y D, tricobranquia; E y F, filobranquia
Langostino
Camarón
Cangrejo
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CORTE TRANSVERSAL DE CEFALOTORAX DE CANGREJO PARA VER LA POSICION DE LA FILOBRANQUIA EN LA CAMARA BRANQUIAL
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A B
A. Vista anterior de Callinectes Se observan las aberturas respiratorias inhalante y exhalante
B. Vista anterior de Hepatus La flecha indica la abertura del sifon izquierdo formada por el caparazón y el quelípodo
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SISTEMA NERVIOSO DE CRUSTACEOSA. Orden Anostraca, B. Suborden Pleocyemata (“camarón de río”), C. InfraordenBrachyura (“cangrejos”), D. Suborden Hyperiidea.
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ORGANOS DE LOS SENTIDOS EN MALACOSTRACA
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Comparación entre el cefalotórax de un camarón, una langosta yun cangrejo, y el origen de laforma corta del cuerpo.
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Uca sp., posición de cortejo
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CÓPULA EN LANGOSTINOS
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“CANGREJO ERMITAÑO” Eupagurus sp. Fuera de su concha.
Infraorden ANOMURA
PAGURIDAE
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Larvas de Crustacea y etapas de eclosión
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Larva phyllosoma de la langostaPanulirus elephas
Desarrollo del “cangrejo violinista”Uca pugilator1,2 primera zoea 3 megalopa 4 cangrejo juvenil
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IMPORTANCIA
ECONÓMICA
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Durante El Niño 82-83, uno de los recursosinmigrantes fue Xiphopenaeus riveti. En elPuerto de Samanco las redes fueron redise-ñadas rápidamente para la captura de estenuevo recurso.
En cambio, las poblaciones de cangrejos fue-ron diezmadas durante El Niño ( en la foto,Platyhanthus orbignyi), Asia, al Sur de Lima.
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• Suborder 1. Dendrobranchiata• Superfamily Penaeoidea, the penaeid shrimps: Penaeus, Lucifer• Superfamily Sergestoidea, the sergestids: Sergestes, Sicyona
• Suborder 2. Pleocyemata• Infraorder Caridea, the true shrimps: Cryphiops, Macrobrachium• Infraorder Stenopodidea, the boxer shrimps: Stenopus• Infraorder Astacidea, the clawed lobsters and crayfish: Astacus, Homarus• Infraorder Thalassinidea, the ghost and mud shrimps: Callichirus, Upogebia• Infraorder Palinura, the spiny and slipper lobsters: Panulirus, Ibacus• Infraorder Anomura, the hermit crabs, king crabs, and porcelain crabs: Birgus, Emerita, Lithodes, Pagurus, Petrolisthes, Peuroncodes• Infraorder Brachyura, the true crabs: Callinectes, Portunus, Cancer, Grapsus, Pinnotheres, Hepatus, Uca, Ocypode, Platyxanthus, Ucides
ORDEN DECAPODA: TAXONOMÍA
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Suborden DENDROBRANCHIATA
Penaeus californiensisLong. 90,0 cm
Penaeus stylirostris, Long. 22,0 cm
Suborden PLEOCYEMATA
PENAEIDAE ALPHEIDAE
Synalpheus digueti,Long. 20,0 mm, California.
HYPPOLYTIDAE
Lysmata californica,Lonf. 42,0 mm
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PALINURIDAE
Panulirus gracilis,Long. 30,0cm
SCYLLARIDAE
Evibacus princeps,Long. 35,0 cm
PAGURIDAE
Dardanus sinistripes,Long. 25,0 mm
GRAPSIDAE
Grapsus grapsus,Long. 87,0 mm
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OCYPODIDAE
Uca princeps,Long, 50,0 mm
XANTHIDAE
Eriphia squamataLong. 50,0 mm
PORTUNIDAE
Callinectes arcuatus,Long. 125,0 mm
DROMIIDAE
Hypoconcha loweiLong. 60,0 mm, California a Ecuador.
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PINNOTHERIDAE DEL MAR PERUANO
Pi
Pinnotheres politus, long. 3,6 mm
En la cavidad paleal de Trochitacalyptraeformis y Crepipatella dilatata.
Pinnixa transversalis, long. 7,4 mmEn tubos de poliquetos de fondosarenosos.
Pinnaxodes chilensis, long. 6,6 mm
En divertículo rectal de Caenocentrotus gibbosus y Loxechinus albus
Pinnaxodes silvestrii, long. 3,4 mmEn la cloaca de Athyonidium chilensis.
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CANCRIDAE Comerciales
XANTHIDAE
OCYPODIDAE
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CALAPPIDAE PORCELLANIDAE
PORTUNIDAE
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72. ATELECYCLIDAE
73. ALBUNEIDAE
74. HIPPIDAE
75. OCYPODIDAE
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Comparación entre
P. laevigata de lafamilia Pinnotheridae
y
C. cinereus de lafamilia Grapsidae
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GRAPSIDAE XANTHIDAE
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Conservation status
In the year 2002 there were 176 species of decapods listed by the IUCN. Of these, 159 were freshwater crayfish; all but two of the remaining species were shrimps or brachyuran crabs that also live in freshwater. Freshwater species often have very limited distributions, making them especially susceptible to habitat destruction or degradation. Only one marine species was listed, but virtually nothing is known about the populations of most marine decapods, especially those that are not commercially exploited. Three species of crayfish and three species of shrimp were listed as threatened in the United States.
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Significance to humans
The order Decapoda encompasses nearly all of the crustaceans that are used for human consumption, and supports many large and valuable fisheries. In addition, penaeid shrimps and crayfish are extensively cultured for food in many parts of the world.A number of human fatalities have been caused by the consumption of poisonous crabs. Several reef-dwelling species of Indo-Pacific crabs appear to acquire toxins from their food; since toxicity varies with the crab’s diet and location, it can be very difficult to determine whether one of these crabs is safe to eat. In other areas, decapods are often host to such schistosome parasites as lung flukes, which can infect humans who eat raw or poorly cooked freshwater crabs or crayfish.
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FILOGENIA DE LOS CRUSTÁCEOS
Dos opiniones contrapuestas sobre la evolución de los crustáceos.
A. Idea tradicional de las relaciones de los crustáceos, representada en un árbol evolutivo, con los crustáceos filopodiales en la base.B. Cladograma que representa una opinión alternativa de la filogenia de los crustáceos.