in140703 service support technologies 26.9.2016

IN140703 Service Support Technologies 26.9.2016

Pirita Ihamäki Phd. [email protected]

Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Unit Rauma

mailto:[email protected]

Content• Internet of Things• Definition of Internet of Things• Overlap of the Internet of Things with field of research• Opportunities and Motivation of the Internet of Things• Key Requiremments in the Internet of Things• Key goals for a future Internet of things architecture to

achieve are:• Internet of Things – Do-it Yourself (DiY)• DiY activities


Content• DiY is About Connecting• DiY Creation in the Internet of Things• DiY activity is the mindset of a person- ” people

logics”• Contextualisation Layers for DiY• Service Composition and Exposition Layer in DiY• It Comprises the Following Functions• Workshop


Internet of Things

• Haller, Karhouskos and Schroth (2009) define the Internet of Things (IoT) as ”a world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated into the information network, and where the physical objects can become active participants in business processes. Services are available to interact with these ’smart objects’ over the Internet, query their state and any information associated with them, taking into account security and privacy issues ”


Connecting World Together

Internet of Things (IoT)

• The future Internet of Things provides a broader vision and enables everyone to access and contribute rich information about things and locations. (Uckelmann, Harrison, Michahelles 2011)


Definition of Internet of Things

One definition has been formulated in the Strategic Research Agenda of the Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things (CERP-IoT 2009):

“Internet of Things (IoT) is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual ‘things’ have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network.

In IoT, ‘things’ are expected to become active participants in business, information and social processes where they are enabled to interact and communicate among themselves and with the environment by exchanging data and information ‘sensed’ about the environment, while reacting autonomously to the ‘real and physical world’ events and influencing it by running processes that trigger actions and create services with or without direct human intervention.

Interfaces in the form of services facilitate interactions with these ‘smart things’ over the Internet, a query and change their state and any information associated with them, taking into account security and privacy issues.”


Overlaps of the Internet of Things with fields of research

Internet of

Things

Ubiquitous/Pervasive

Computing

Internet Protocol

Communication Technologies

and Internet of People

Enbedded Devices and Applications

Intranet or Extranet of

Things

Opportunities and Motivation of the Internet of Things

• Envision – A vision of the Internet of Things needs to provide holisticscenarios focusing on private, social and business benefits. Experimentally-driven, participative research approaches will be needed to allow theinvolvement of different stakeholders for the identification of requirements,usability testing, evaluation and active participation. Mechanisms areneeded for empowering citizens to fully participate and innovate in theInternet of Things, in order to provide a new multi-directional communicationinfrastructure for researchers, industries and citizens. This user-centricconcept maybe referred to as the ‘Web of Things’ as it providesintuitive graphical user interfaces that include functionalities familiar toWeb 2.0 applications.



• Extend – To leverage state-of-the-art developments and acceptedtechnologies, existing architectures, such as the EPCglobal Network,should be utilised and extended by adding new functionalities to supportthe diverse means of identification (RFID, barcode, 2D-code), sensors,actuators, intelligent devices and other information sources (e.g. user-generated content, commercial databases) within an open framework.The value of product-related data needs to be increased through semanticenrichment. Extending existing approaches will allow the utilisation of priorefforts and investments and allow a phased approach to towards the Internetof Things. Disruptive new approaches should be avoided unless theyprovide substantial new benefits or build on existing work. It should benoted that this approach to does not exclude the integration of otherheterogeneous technologies, but it promotes the usage of a single corearchitecture.



• Enable – It is crucial to solve today's adoption challenges.

There is still a lot of research needed on technical challenges that too often are to consider to be solved (especially by researchers and practitioners lacking the technical knowledge). Privacy, security and confidentiality are key factors to provide a trustworthy Internet of Things. New mechanisms for sharing costs and benefits to enable the creation of opportunities for new market entrants are needed.



• Excite – New stakeholders need to be excited to contribute to the future Internet of Things. Ease of participation, collaboration and generation of benefits are major requirements to excite new entrants to the Internet of Things. Open frameworks and end-user programming environments may empower citizens to create cost-free as well as billable micro services, such as a product guides and reviews.



• Evaluate – New approaches need to be discussed with a large variety of stakeholders and verified in industry pilots and user-centric environments. A good example for the future Internet of Things is the informed and ethical consumer who requires product-related data (e.g., country of origin, ingredients, dynamic best before a date, a carbon footprint) and who is willing to add information to the Internet of Things. Other popular examples include public user-centric scenarios that build on the concept of Smart Cities and Smart Homes. Furthermore, we need to evaluate the Internet of Things in a philosophical context as things will become social actors in a networked environment.


Key requirements in the Internet of Things


• Meet key societal needs for the Internet of Things including open governance, security, privacy and trustworthiness. The Internet of Things should not be owned by single interest groups, as it should be an open global infrastructure as the Internet and WWW are today.

• One of the key issues in Europe and Asia in the past few years has been the predominance of VeriSign, an American company operating the Object Name Service (ONS) under contract for the EPCglobal Network (Clendenin 2006, Heise online 2008).

• Security, privacy and trustworthiness need to be considered, but are in most aspects not specific to the Internet of Things.



• Bridge the gap between B2B, business-to-consumer (B2C) and machine-to-machine (M2M) requirements through a generic and open Internet of Things infrastructure.

• Design an open, scalable, flexible and sustainable infrastructure for the Internet of Things.

• The Internet of Things has to be open by definition.• Open standards are required to use and extend its

functionality. It will be a huge network, considering that every object has its virtual representation.



• Develop migration paths to disruptive technological developments into the Internet of Things.

• Nevertheless, providing a migration path for autonomous control in the Internet of Things would broaden its usage a solid networked infrastructure for autonomous objects (Uckelmann et al. 2010).



• Excite and enable businesses and people to contribute to the Internet of Things.

• Enable businesses across different industries to develop high added value products and services.

• Encourage new market entrants, such as third party service and information providers, to enter the Internet of Things.



• Provide an open solution for sharing costs, benefits and revenue generation in the Internet of Things.

• Public initiatives to support the usage of the Internet of Things for social relevant topics.

• Enable people to seamlessly identify things to access as well as contribute related information.

Key goals for a future Internet of Things architecture to achieve are:

• An open, scalable, flexible and secure infrastructure for the Internet of Things and People.

• A user-centric, customisable ‘Web of Things’ including interaction possibilities in the benefit of society.

• New dynamic business concepts for the Internet of Things including flexible billing and incentive capabilities in promoted information share.

• Companies, public institutions and people will be able to access data for their own benefits and financial as well as non-financial benefit compensation will further add to a fast adoption process of the Internet of Things.


Internet of Things – Do-it Yourself (DiY)

• DiY is commonly associated with youth subcultures, the origin of DiY as an activity can be found in the home improvement and decoration domain.

• DiY confirms people’s creative side and gives them the feeling of ‘being their own boss’ (Hoftijzer 2009).


DiY activities• Leadbeater invented the word ‘Pro-Am’. A pro-am one is an amateur that

pursues activities out of the love for it, but at the same time setting a professional standard (Leadbeater and Miller 2004).

• Von Hippel proposed the word ‘Lead-User’. A lead-user is at the leading edge of an important market trend, and so is currently experiencing needs that will later be experienced by many users in that market. She/he anticipates relatively high benefits from obtaining a solution to her/his needs, and so may innovate (Von Hippel, 2005).

• Levi-Strauss coined the word ‘Bricoleur’. He describes the bricoleur as “someone who uses all the concrete materials he encounters in everyday life and all the earlier experiences of himself and others around him, to find solutions for the problems he is confronted with in everyday life” (Levi-Strauss 1968).

• Bakardjieva and Stewart invented the word ‘local warm expert’. A local warm expert is “an Internet/computer technology expert in the professional sense or simply in a relative sense vis-à-vis the less knowledgeable other” (Bakardjieva 2005; Steward 2007).

DiY is About Connecting A core aspect of DiY is the act of ‘creating’ something. Gauntlett (2010) gives a good insight in the social aspects of creating. He distinguishes three ways on how making is connecting, and, therefore, in essence indicated that DiY is about communication.

1. Making is connecting because you connect things together (materials, ideas or both) to make something new.

2. Making is connecting because the arts of creativity usually involve, at some point, a social dimension and connect us with other people.

3. Making is connecting because through making things and sharing them in the world, we increase our engagement and connection with our social and physical environments.


DiY creation in the Internet of Things• First of all, having a large network of interconnected sensors (and

actuators) principally allows for people to incorporate the related data streams in their DiY applications that ‘use thing data’ . Today, several examples of that exist in the web, as we will discuss further on.

• Secondly, an act of DiY can clearly exist in people connecting up new sensors (and actuators) to the Internet of Things, as a form of DiY installation . Here also, several examples exist today, e.g. in sensor network-enabled smart homes though this is often offered via technologically closed solutions.

• Finally, the ultimate tangible creation experience is deriving from the current trends in DiY electronics, where augmentation and composition as an act of DiY building smart objects have become technically feasible. As such, people can be creative in shaping the tangible interaction front-end to the Internet of Things.


DiY activity is the mindset of a person – ”people logics”

• Industrial logic: This way of thinking is mostly straightforward, no-nonsense. In order for people of this kind to have a drive for DiY, a very small action would be needed. For example, mounting a device on the wall may give such a person a feeling of satisfaction.

• Dream society logic: in the dream society, people do things in order to show themselves to the outside world. Thinking about DiY from such perspective, a deep customising of a product could suffice to trigger the feeling of ‘I did this myself’. This could be, for example, choosing the colour and materials of a pair of shoes.

• Creative man logic: The creative man wants to create things from scratch by himself based on his own personal needs. Starting from this point of view, this person could follow an instructable one to create his own windmill to provide power for his house, as an example. (Mogensen 2004)


Contextualisation Layer for DiY

• User profiling and personalisation: A user profile is a structured data record containing user-related information like identifiers, characteristics, abilities, needs and interests, preferences, behavioural history and extrapolations thereof for predicting and anticipating future behaviour. It can therefore be exploited to provide personalised, user-context-aware service recommendation, leveraging related user profiles from the crowd, and context-awareness during eventual service use.



• The Modelling of the physical context information: The environmental context is also a very relevant feature in service oriented environments, particularly in ‘smart’ environments, where services are expected to behave intelligently, learning from and anticipate on what happens in the surroundings. In general, the establishment of an effective context model is essential for designing context- aware services. Strang and Linnhoff-Popien (2004) provide a survey of the most important context modelling approaches for pervasive computing, such as key value models, mark-up scheme models, graphical models, object oriented models, logic-based models and ontology-based models.



• Reasoning: Another key issue in the study of DiY applications is the reasoning about environmental context and user information, allowing the deduction of new knowledge in addition to the directly detected information. As the ultimate goal is to make the services and the surrounding smart, i.e., more closely in accordance with the specific user expectations, a fundamental challenge exists in deriving correct and stable conclusions from the typically imperfect context data acquisition in the highly dynamic and heterogeneous ambient environment.


Service Composition and Exposition Layer in DiY

The Service Composition and Exposition Layer in DiYSE groups the functions that enable the upper user-facing tools for listing and access the different available services and service parts as provided by any actor of the DiY community, i.e. third parties and professionals as well as any users.


It comprises the following functions:

• Service exposure: This function provides a unified access to the services and components made available by different levels of users, professionals and third parties (Blum et al. 2008), which is essential for the envisioned DiYSE creation process. It thus enables the different types of users to discover, compose and publish about a properly abstracted service level. Besides that, functionality such as instantiation and the related exception handling, authentication and authorisation, layered functional exposure, configuration and service user interface representation in the DiYSE creation process is envisioned.


It comprises the following functions: • Semantic engine: The semantic engine

function provides the service exposure function with the abstractions the semantically mediate interaction of devices, services and actors, according to the methods discussed in the sections on semantic interoperability, leveraging a set of shared ontology repositories for that purpose.


• Orchestrator-compositor: as a key part in the DiYSE creation process, the dynamic composition and orchestration of a hybrid and composite services is needed, leveraging the semantic engine as well as the Contextualisation and Personalisation Layer, and closely interacting with the service exposure function, registering newly composed applications (ESI 2008).


It comprises the following functions:

Worshops


Group Work


• Divide for groups of 5 people.• Design Internet of Things Service, you choose

for Internet of Things Service, which you will be needed in your life, than describe and present your IoT service with others.

• ”The flow of ideas from one field into another often takes curious and ambivalent paths”.

Thank you for your attention!

in140703 service support technologies 26.9.2016

Technology