in your notes, compare the two pictures. list at least three similarities and at least three...
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In your notes, compare the two pictures. List at
least three similarities and at
least three differences
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The change of a species over time….
Millions of years
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Changes in structure, function and behavior
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Theory: An idea Theory: An idea which is which is
supported by supported by extensive, extensive, repeated repeated
experiments, experiments, but not proven but not proven
as law.as law.Why Why isn’tisn’t evolution evolution a law?a law?
Limited access to Limited access to the pastthe past
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Present day species developed
(evolved) from earlier distinctly
DIFFERENT species.
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The “evolution” of Evolutionary Theories
1.) Lamarck’s Theory: Stated that
structures appear because they are
needed, Called the theory of
Use & Disuse ex. Longer necks in giraffes
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Weismann
DISPROVED the theory that stated that acquired traits can be passed on
to the next generation.
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Charles Darwin
“The Father of Evolution”
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EQUATOR
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T R OPIC OF C APR IC OR N T ROP OF CAPRICORN
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AUSTRALIA
A S I A
A F R I C A
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G RE E NLA ND
GREENLAND
NORTHA M E RICA
A NTA RCTICA
S OUTHAM ERICA
P A C I F I C
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I N D I A NO C E A N
P A C IF IC O CEAN
A T L A N T I C
HOW DID DARWIN START?
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
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1859 wrote book titled
“Origin of the Species”Key Concepts
1. Species present now were not created in
present forms instead they evolved from ancestral species
2. Natural Selection: 2. Natural Selection: causes evolutioncauses evolution
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States that only those organisms containing the best variations can survive and reproduce in a
given environment
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Adaptations • Inherited trait
• Improves an organisms chance of survival
Ex: Camouflage
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Individuals who
survive are the ones
best adapted to
exist in their
environment
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Formation of a new species
due to favorable
adaptations gradually
accumulating, while
unfavorable adaptations
gradually disappear
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Any organisms which can:1. Interbreed2. Produce fertile offspring
3. Under natural conditions
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Darwin observed 13 species of
finches on the Galápagos Islands that were similar except for
differences in body size,
beak shape, and eating
habits.
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Noticed that all finches were similar to 1
finch he saw on the South
American coast
Darwin reasoned that the Galápagos finches
must have had to compete for food.
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Finches with certain beak
shapes that let them eat food
survived longer & reproduced
more than finches without
those beak shapes
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A person has been arrested on the charge that he robbed $50,000
from the First City National Bank last night.
What must the district attorney do to prove that this man is the robber?
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Is the sum total of all the
fossils discovered and undiscovered
and their placement in sedimentary rock layers
Forms of Evidence
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are the mineralized or
otherwise preserved remains or
traces (such as footprints) of
animals, plants, and other organisms
A. Fossils
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is the study of similarities
and differences in the anatomy of organisms.
Structure and form
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A. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
When body parts look similar in different species but do not perform the same function.
An example is the forelimb
structure shared by cats
and whales.
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anatomy
whose bones are they?
are evidence that a common ancestor
exists for the organisms being
studied
Homologous Structures
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Structures that are different but serve the same or similar purposes
An example is the torpedo body shape of porpoises and sharks
B. Analogous Structures
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describes homologous traits of organisms which have lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution
c. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
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study of comparative
developmental anatomy
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is the study of differences in
chemical components
among species
Examples:Hemoglobin,
DNA,Chromosomes
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IS THE STUDY OF DIFFERENCES IN
CELL STRUCTURE, COMPOSTION AND
FUNCTION