in what ways did location influence the history of kush?
TRANSCRIPT
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In what ways did location influence the history of Kush?
CHAPTER 10 “THE KINGDOM OF KUSH”
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• In what ways did location influence the
history of Kush?
• How does art (specifically
paintings/sculptures) help us better
understand the past?
• How are Egypt and Kush similar and
different?
• Why did the Kingdom of Kush prosper?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
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• It Matters Because…The kingdoms of Nubia and Kush were influenced by Egyptian culture, and they continued many Egyptian traditions.
WHY THIS MATTERS
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1) Meroe: a city on the Nile River that became the center of Kushite culture and industry.
2) Dynasty: a family or group that rules for several generations
3) Kandake: a powerful female leader who co-ruled Kush with her husbands or sons.
VOCABULARY
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1. African Kingdom (Kush), located on Nile River south of Egypt
2. Kush/Egypt had a close relationship
3. How do we know that? Pictures can be found on some of the walls of Egyptian tombs and temples.
4. Example: Hatshepsut’s tomb (Egypt’s 1st female pharaoh), many painted scenes of Egyptian life decorate the walls. On closer examination, not all the people in the paintings are Egyptians.
5. The pictures show a complicated relationship. In some images, the Kushites come bearing gifts and in other images, they are shown holding bow & arrows.
HIGHLIGHTS
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-rich gold mines
-also known as Nubia (nub means gold)
-fertile banks (Nile River)
-Kush’s location/natural resources made it an important trading center
KUSH WAS KNOWN FOR
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a) Egyptians traded grain and linen
b) Kushites traded gold, ivory, leather, and timber
c) Trade Formula: grain, linen gold, ivory, leather, timber
*Egypt raided or took control of some of Kush’s lands
*During the new kingdom, Egypt was at its height, and it conquered Kush.
-Kush was forced to pay tribute to Egypt in the form of gifts
-Kushites gave gold, cattle, ivory, ostrich feathers, ebony, and slaves.
EGYPTIANS & KUSHITES TRADED:
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*Under Egypt’s control Kushite society became more Egyptianized (or more like Egypt).
**Is this inevitable? If you are controlled by an outside ruler, do you eventually become more like them? Or can you prevent this from occurring?
-Example: Kushites spoke & wrote in Egyptian. They worshipped Egyptian gods and wore Egyptian-style clothes.
**DO WE SEE THIS TODAY?
EGYPTIANIZATION
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• Egypt’s New Kingdom collapsed around 1100 BCE.
• Kush is able to regain its independence.
• However, Egyptian culture persisted.
• The Kushite kings still followed the Egyptian traditions.
EGYPT COLLAPSES
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• Egypt became weak and unstable because there was constant infighting.
• Kush took advantage of Egypt’s weakness. • Kushite armies invaded Egypt. • The kings in northern Egypt surrendered to Piye, king
of Kush. (730 BCE).• The Kushite pharaohs did not want to destroy Egypt.
Instead they wanted to revive Egypt’s glory past. • They built new temples and pyramids in both Egypt
and Kush.• Assyrians had strong iron weapons and they drove
the Kushites out of Egypt by 650 BCE.
KUSH CONQUERS EGYPT
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• Less than 100 years later, Egypt invades Kush and destroys its capital city, Napata.
• Kushites decide to make Meroe their new capital, since it was safely out of Egypt’s reach.
• Meroe was a large and wealthy city.• It became well known for producing iron. • The Kushites were determined to match the Assyrian’s military
strength.• Meroe had plenty of forests (which provided wood). • Ironworkers in Kush made weapons like spears, arrows, and
swords.
KUSH CAPITAL OF MEROE
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• After its separation from Egypt, Kush returned to its
African roots.
• Artwork, clothing, and buildings no longer imitated
Egyptian styles.
• Kushites began worshipping an African lion-god rather
than Egyptian gods.
• Kush also revived the African practice of female
leadership. Powerful kandakes, or queen mothers, ruled
Meroe.
• One of the greatest kandakes was Queen Amanirena. She
defended Kush against the powerful Romans in 24 BCE.
• Kush survived for nearly 400 more years.
• In 350 CE, Kush fell to invaders from the African country
of Ethiopia.
KUSH RETURNS TO ITS AFRICAN ROOTS
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoSgZHVocHE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dvek69OZMLw
VIDEO CLIPS