in vitro antilithiatic activity

8/9/2019 In Vitro AntiLithiatic Activity

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IN VITRO ANTI-UORLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF SAMPA-SAMPALUKAN (Phyllanthus niruri)

ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT TO CALCUIM OXOLATE CRYSTAL INDUCED MICE

(Mus musculus).

Jerico O. Julaton IV-Phoenix

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

INTRODUCTION

All over the world especially in developing countries, approximately 8! o" population continues to

use traditional medicine in primarymedical pro#lems. In the past decade, there"ore, research has #een"ocused

on scienti"ic evaluation o" traditional drugs o" plant origin. $here is an urgent need to systematically evaluate

the plants used intraditional medicine. %uch research could lead to new drugdiscovery or advance use o"

indigenous her#al medicines "ortreatment. $his revival o" interest in plant derived drugs is mainly due to the

current widespread #elie" that green medicine is sa"e andmore dependa#le than the costly synthetic drugs

many o" which have adverse side e""ects.

&rolithiasis is characteri'ed #y the "ormation o" a stone in the (idneys or urinary tracts. A large

num#er o" people, nearly )*+! o" the human populations are su""ering "rom urinary stone pro#lem all over

the glo#e.$he crystals o" calcium oxalate aOx/ are the primary constituent o" more than 0! o" the

ma1ority o" human (idney stones2 they exist in the "orm o" aOx monohydrate O3/ and aOx dihydrate

O4/ 567. $he pathogenesis o" calcium oxalate stone "ormation is a multi-step process and in essence

includesnucleation, crystal growth, crystal aggregation and crystal retention. $he stone "ormation reuires

supersaturated urine. %upersaturation also depends on urinary p9, ionic strength, solute concentration and

complexations. In spite o" su#stantial progress in the pathophysiology and treatment o" urolithiasis, there is no

satis"actory drug #eing used in clinical therapy. :ndoscopic stone removal and extracorporeal shoc( wave

lithotripsy are prohi#itively costly and recurrence is uite common with these procedures. $hus a drug "or the

prevention o" this disease or its recurrence would #e o" great interest. Phyllanthus niruri ;inn.


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traditional systems o" medicine vi'., Ayurveda, &nanai and %idha. =rom the ancient time the tri#al and rural

people o" our country commonly used this her# in treating various disorders. P. niruri has also #een used

traditionally "or treating liver pro#lems li(e hepatitis, elimination o" mucous, (idney stones and diuretic

pro#lems .

>eeping a#ove (nowledge in the mind, current study was done to "ind out the stone "ormation

inhi#itor e""ect and stone dissolving e""ect o" P. niruri extracts.

HYPOTHESIS

$his study aims to "ind out the inhi#itory activity o" :thanolic ;ea" :xtract "rom %ampa-sampalu(an

Phyllanthus-niruri/ against calcium oxalate crystal induced mice. It sought to answer two speci"ic uestions.

a. Is enthanolic lea" extract o" %ampa-sampalu(an P. niruri/ is e""ective as a treatment "or &rinary

stone associated with calcium oxalate crystal induced mice.

#. Is there a signi"icant e""ect on the inhi#iton o" calcium oxalate crystal induced mice #etween the

trestments levels A,


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Material a!" Met#$"

%.& Pla!t Material

P .niruri leaves were collected "rom 9imamaylan ?9%. It grows into anher#al garden in ourschool , Voucher specimen was dried in shade and stored in air tight container at @ "or "urther

study.

%.% E'trati$! a!" I$lati$!

$he leaves are pulverised and a#out 0 gms o" powder was extracted with chloro"orm and

aueous in soxhlet, also extracted successively with acetone, #en'ene, petroleum ether, Alcohol. All

extracts were concentrated on a water #ath and residue was dried in a desiccator. All the preparedextracts were su#1ected to ualitative chemical tests to detect the presenceo" di""erent classes o"

phytoconstituents. $; studies were done "or identi"ying the presence o" constituents which are

detected in chemical tests and to (nown how many extracts are present in each extracts . $hisseparated parameter is su#1ected "or physical, chemical and spectral study &V/. And positive results

"or two "ractions were ta(en "or pharmacological evaluation.

%. E*al+ati$! ,$r A!ti-+r$lit#iati Ati*it

Ste-&/ Prearati$! $, e'eri0e!tal 1i"!et$!e (Cali+0 $'alate t$!e) 2 #$0$3e!$+

reiitati$!/

:uimolar solutiono" alcium chloride dihydrate A/ in distilledwater and %odium oxalateA/ in +ml o" @?9@%O) were allowed to react in su""icientuantity o" distilled water in a #ea(er.

$he resulting precipitate was calcium oxalate. :uimolar solution o" alcium chloride dehydrate

A/ in distilled water and 4isodium hydrogenphosphate A/ in +ml o" @? 9@%O)/, wasallowed to react in su""icient uantity o" distilled water in a #ea(er. $he resulting precipitate

wascalcium phosphate.


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in the #eginning, to (now how much uantity o" calcium oxalate actually test su#stances/ could

dissolve.

Data A!ali

4ata will #e collected #e"ore and a"ter the application o" extract or the pre-test, posttestexperimental design. $he initial weight must #e measured and a"ter the application. $he initial and

"inal weight a"ter application is compared with each other and the ! o" dissolution with a di""erent

treatment levels.

Statitial T$$l Ue"

One way around the pro#lem is to compare the groups on di""erences #etween post-test and

pretest, sometimes called #a!3e $reor 3ai! $re. 5"igure7 $he test can #e carried out in anum#er o" euivalent waysG

t-test o" the di""erences2

@-group A?OVA o" the di""erences,

repeated measures analysis o" variance.

Re,ere!e

Jain 3,

in vitro antilithiatic activity

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