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IEEE REFERENCING EXAMPLES RMIT University LibraryUpdated: 21 December 2017

Important: This is a guide only. To avoid losing marks:

1. Confirm the referencing requirements of your school with your lecturer, and 2. Use IEEE, IEEE Editorial Style Manual, Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE Periodicals, 2016. [Online].

Available: http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/ to clarify referencing rules or if you need more examples. This guide is based on this publication.

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) citation style is a numbered style where references are numbered [1], [2], [3] in-text and so on in the order of appearance in the body of the document. A Reference List at the end of the work provides full details of all references cited in-text. The references are ordered as they appear in the in-text references (in order of citation, not in alphabetical order). You need to follow this style when acknowledging your information sources.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

General rules

In your writing, you must acknowledge each author or source of information (whether print or online) either by paraphrasing or using a direct quote.

References that are cited in-text MUST appear as a number within square brackets, and need to come before any punctuation with a space before the bracket.

Numbered references used in-text MUST start at [1] and continue in ascending order within the body of the work.

Once a source has been cited and allocated a reference number, the same reference number MUST be used throughout the body of a work if it’s referred to multiple times.

Numbered citations may be treated grammatically as footnote numbers in the text e.g. As demonstrated by Smith [5] . . . For further details, see [1], [5], [7].

Numbered citations may also be treated as nouns in the text e.g. According to [7] . . . As mentioned in [4], [5], [6]–[8] . . . (note the use of the en dash symbol ‘–’ between a source range).

It is NOT necessary to mention either the author(s) or dates of any work cited in-text. If referring to authors in the body of the text, then all author family names must be listed up to

three authors. If there are four or more authors, then cite only the family name of the first author followed by et al. for the first and subsequent citations.

When using the exact words that an author has used, you must enclose these in double quotation marks “ ” and allocate a citation number along with the page number(s) in square brackets.

document.docxAvailable at: www.rmit.edu.au/library/referencing

RMIT University LibraryCreated:26 June 2017

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http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/%20

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is when you are expressing the ideas of the author(s) in your own words. When paraphrasing, it’s acceptable to include only the citation as a number in square brackets, or as a number along with the author’s family name as part of your sentence.

Note: When paraphrasing, the citation details can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.

Citation at the beginning

Benson [1] states that thermal performance . . .

Citation in the middle

. . . not only does the shift toward multicore processors mean more improvements in CPU speed [1], but they also consume less power and produce less heat.

Citation at the end

. . . and therefore the rate of heat transfer slows [1].

Note: Citations can also be structured according to whether they give prominence to the author, or to the information being conveyed.

Author-prominent citations

In his research on software thermal management, Benson [1] claims that . . .

Information-prominent citations

. . . where more processors are being produced to optimise power and thermal performance [1].

Including page numbers in a paraphrase citation

When paraphrasing, page numbers are not usually used as part of the citation, unless it intends to help the reader to locate the source of the information in a lengthy document.

Note: Including page numbers when paraphrasing is optional, and is NOT a requirement of the IEEE referencing style.

Direct quotes

Direct quotes are used when you are using the exact words of the author(s). Put direct quotes between double quotation marks “ ” and add both the citation number followed by a comma, and the page number(s), preceded by p. or pp. Do not overuse direct quotes.

“Due to the nonlinear nature of the Law of Dynamic Power, if the demand on the processor is light, the operating frequency can be reduced to save clock cycles, reducing power and limiting heat generation” [1, p. 82].

Note: Quotes longer than three lines are strongly discouraged, and should be avoided.



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Single author

When paraphrasing, include the citation number in square brackets. Or, if referring to the author(s) family name in the body of the text, then include the citation number in square brackets immediately after the family name.

As discussed in [1], relays are used in everyday life.

Blackburn [1] states that . . .

When directly quoting, give the page number(s) from the source.

“Symmetrical components can be called the language of the relay engineer or technician” [1, p. 71].

Blackburn notes that “Symmetrical components can be called the language of the relay engineer or technician” [1, p. 71].

Two or three authors

State all authors (up to three), using ‘and’ between the last two author family names when citing in-text.

Bayliss and Hardy [2] contend that . . .

Four or more authors

If citing more than three authors in-text, use the first family name listed followed by et al. (in italics).

Radulov et al. [3] argue that . . .

Citing the same reference multiple times

If citing the same reference within the body of the text, then use the same citation number throughout the text. IEEE does NOT allow for the use of terms such as “ibid.” or “op. cit.” when citing the same reference multiple times. Instead, if the same source is cited multiple times, then it is preferable to distinguish between these with reference to the appropriate section, for example . . . [2, p. 15] when directly quoting a single page; [2, pp. 29–31] directly quoting multiple pages; [2, Ch. 8] referring to a chapter; [2, Fig. 31] a figure; [2, Sec. 6.5] a section; [2, Tab. 12] a table; [2, eq. (7)] an equation; [2, Appendix IV] an appendix; and [2, Algorithm 9] an algorithm.

Multiple citations

If listing multiple citations within a sentence of text, then the preferred method is to list each citation number separately, or by inserting a comma or en dash between each number.

In [1], [4], [8] it was noted that . . .

It is suggested by [6]–[9] that . . .

It is also acceptable for multiple citations to be listed the following way in-text:



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Recent studies [1, 2, 5] have noted that . . .

Specific objectives [4–7] indicate that . . .

Secondary citation

A secondary citation is used when you acknowledge the work of an author that you have read about in another author’s work.

The IEEE referencing style does NOT allow for the use of secondary citations.

If a secondary citation has to be used, then the original source MUST be located and cited.

If the original source cannot be located, then do NOT cite it.

Electronic sources

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format.

Use the name of the section, paragraph or chapter number as part of the in-text reference if quoting from a source that does not include page numbers.

. . . as noted in [5, para. 8]

. . . as suggested in [7, Sec. 12]

. . . as argued in [3, Ch. 11, para. 19]

THE REFERENCE LIST

General rules

Use a reference list to include all of the publications you have acknowledged at the end of your work, and use the heading References or Reference List on a new page.

The reference list is arranged in an ascending numbered sequence such as [1], [2], [3] and so on, and MUST be presented in the order in which they appear in the body of the text.

Reference list numbers should be positioned flush against the left page margin, and the citation details MUST appear on the same line, and be indented.

Abbreviate common words, months, publisher names, conference proceedings and journal titles where appropriate – see ‘Abbreviations’ section below for further details.

Capitalise and italicise titles where appropriate. Do NOT combine references – only one reference per number. Include a retrieval statement in the form of a URL (where possible) if the reference is taken from

an electronic or online source, or alternatively, where stated in the rules, a database name. Include an access date for references taken from an online source. Take care when editing any references, as this may require careful renumbering of sources cited

both in-text and in the reference list. The Reference List is to be formatted using 1.5 line spacing and single paragraph spacing

between each citation.



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When citing electronic sources such as e-journal articles or e-books, you MUST include a digital object identifier (DOI) if stated. A DOI is a unique identifier that is assigned to certain electronic sources, and provides a persistent link to online content. The DOI can appear in the reference list using the following formats: doi:xx.xxxxx/xxxxxx or http://dx.doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx or https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx

If no DOI is assigned, include either the journal/database homepage URL if taken from a library database, or the full URL if taken from a source on the open web.

Note: There is no full stop after the DOI/URL, and the hyperlink is removed.

Place of publication

For the place of publication, add the city, and then include the state code (if applicable) and country name, followed by the publisher and year of publication.

Cities in the USA need the state abbreviation and country.

Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2017.

Cities in other countries (outside the USA) just need to include the city name and country.

Oxford, United Kingdom: Newnes, 2012.

Abbreviations

Month abbreviations

When citing journals, patents and websites, use the following abbreviations for months:Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. (note that some months appear in full and DO NOT require a full stop).

Use a forward slash for bimonthly issues e.g. Apr./May 2016 and a en dash for a quarterly issue e.g. June–Aug. 2015.

Word abbreviations

Standard IEEE words when used in a reference should be abbreviated. See the ‘Common Abbreviations of Words in References’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) pp. 40–42 for details: http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/

Journal title abbreviations

If referencing any IEEE journals or magazine titles, then refer to the ‘IEEE Abbreviations for Transactions, Journals, Letters’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) pp. 43–48 for details: http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/



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Conference proceeding abbreviations

When citing conference proceedings, the common rule is to list the author(s), title, name and location (if provided) of the conference and use any standard abbreviations where necessary. For further details, refer to the ‘Published Conference Proceedings’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) p. 36: http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/

Common IEEE abbreviations and acronyms

When using common IEEE abbreviations and acronyms in-text, then refer to the ‘Some Common Acronyms and Abbreviations’ section of the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (2016) pp. 49–52 for details: http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual-2017/

Books

When citing books make sure to include the following information where available:

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), or name of organisation/company, Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Book with single author

[1] J. L. Blackburn, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2014.

Book with two to six authors

List all authors (up to six), separating the last two author names with ‘and’.

[2] G. Radulov, P. Quinn, H. Hegt, and A. van Roermund, Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2011.

Book with more than six authors

If there are more than six authors listed, use et al. (in italics) after the first author’s family name. [3] H. F. Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 7th ed. New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman and Co.,

2012.

Book with an edition number

Include the edition number followed by the abbreviation ed. after the book title. If the book is a first edition, or no edition is stated, do NOT include the edition number.

[4] J. Wickert and K. Lewis, An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, 4th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2017.



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Corporate author

Place corporate name in the author position.

[5] CSIRO Division of Entomology, The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers, 2nd ed. Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 1991.

Translated book

Include the translated title and details such as language and translator directly after the title, all in italics.

[6] L. Y. Kupriyanov, Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies Translated from Russian by V.Y. Vetrov, Burlington, VT, USA: Elsevier Science, 1996.

Book chapter (in an edited book)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of the chapter," in Title of the Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Ed. (editor if available). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. chapter/s or first and last pages of the article.

[7] L. B. Wagenaar, "Electrical bushings," in Electric Power Transformer Engineering, 3rd ed. J. H. Harlow, Ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2012, pp. 1-24.

E-book from a database (without DOI)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: database homepage URL

[8] P. Curwen and J. Whalley, Mobile Telecommunications in a High-Speed World: Industry Structure, Strategic Behaviour and Socio-Economic Impact, Farnham, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2011. Accessed on: May 22, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

E-book from a database (with DOI)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. DOI

[9] T. Rossing, Ed., Springer Handbook of Acoustics, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2015. Accessed on: May 27, 2017. [Online]. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0755-7



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E-book from the internet

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[10] L. Scharf, A First Course in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2012. Accessed on: May 20, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.freetechbooks.com/a-first-course-in-electrical-and-computer-engineering-t1038.html

Journal articles

The IEEE Referencing Style requires the abbreviation of journal titles in a reference. Check IEEE Abbreviations for Transactions, Journals, Letters, and Magazines or the CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool to locate the correct abbreviation.

For example, the official title abbreviation for the International Journal of Advanced Materials Research, as cross-checked in CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool, is Int. J. Adv. Mater. Res.

Other examples include:

Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices = Adv. Opt. Photonic Devices. Chemistry in Microelectronics = Chem. Microelectron.

If you cannot locate the journal title in either of these databases, you can spell out the name of the journal title in full.

Journal article with single author

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year.

[11] D. Ibrahim, “Development of a low-cost educational liquid-level sensor circuit,” International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 168-181, 2015.

Journal article with two to six authors

List all of the authors (up to six), separating the last two names with ‘and’.

[12] A. A. P. Biscaro, R. A. F. Pereira, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, “Integrated fault location and power-quality analysis in electric power distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 428-436, Apr. 2016.

Journal article with more than six authors

If there are more than six authors listed, use et al. (in italics) after the first author’s family name.

[13] C. Y. Chun et al., “Current sensor-less state-of-charge estimation algorithm for lithium-ion batteries utilizing filtered terminal voltage,” J. Power Sources, vol. 273, pp. 255-263, Jan. 2015.



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E-journal article with a DOI

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. DOI

[14] S. Shao, J. Bi, F. Yang, and W. Guan, “On-line estimation of state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle using the resampling particle filter,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 32, pp. 207-217, Oct. 2014. Accessed on: May 24, 2017. [Online]. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.013

E-journal article from a library database

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: database homepage URL

[15] J. Blau, “Big demand for big data scientists in Europe,” Research Technology Management, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 3-6, May/June 2015. Accessed on: May 26, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ebscohost.com

E-journal article from the internet

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article (if available), abbrev. Month (if available). Year. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[16] C. Song and S. W. Tan, “A perspective on the rise of optofluidics and the future,” Micromachines, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1-17, May 2017. Accessed on: June 3, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/8/5/152

Magazines

Magazine article, print

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Magazine, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year.

[17] K. A. Burke, “High energy density regenerative fuel cells systems for terrestrial applications,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 23-34, Dec. 1999.



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Magazine article, online

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Magazine, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, abbrev. Month (if available). Year. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database

[18] F. Rothganger, “Special report: can we copy the brain? The dawn of the real thinking machine,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 22-25, May 2017. Accessed on: June 2, 2017. [Online]. Available: IEEE database

Conferences

Conference paper, published in proceedings

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of paper," in abbrev. Title of Proceedings, Place of Publication, Year (only if not already stated in title), pp. first and last pages of paper.

[19] B. Lin, X. Tang, and X. Huang, "Research on fiber optic gyroscope adaptive filtering algorithm based on FPGA," in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1354-1357.

Conference paper, presented (not published in proceedings)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of paper, presented at the abbrev. Title and Year of Conference. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[20] X. Yang, NIRA: A new internet routing architecture, presented at the ACM SIGCOMM FDNA 2003 Workshop. [Online]. Available: http://www.isi.edu/newarch/DOCUMENTS/yang.nira.pdf

Reports

Report, print (individual author)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number/Type (if available), abbrev. Month. (Day if available), Year of Publication.

[21] M. L. James, “A history of Australia’s space involvement,” ANU, Canberra, Australia, Working Paper 241, Nov. 1991.

Report, print (corporate author)

Organisation/company name, "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number (if available), abbrev. Month. (Day if available), Year of Publication.

[22] NASA, “Space flight: the first 30 years,” NASA, Washington, DC, USA, Rep. 1, 1991.



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Report, online (individual author)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number (if not in title), abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[23] A. A. Catellier and S. D. Voran, “NTIA technical report TR-17-522: intelligibility of selected speech codecs in frame-erasure conditions,” NTIA, Washington, DC, USA, May 5, 2016. Accessed on: Apr. 30, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/publications/3165.aspx

Report, online (corporate author)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number, abbrev. Month. (Day if available), Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database

[24] P. Windle, “Engineering consulting in Australia,” IBISWorld, Melbourne, Australia, Rep. no. M6923, Feb. 2017. Accessed on: June 15, 2017. [Online]. Available: IBISWorld database

Webpages

Webpage, (individual author)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Webpage, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[25] T. Fleischman, Stabilizing Molecule Could Pave Way for Lithium-air Fuel Cell, Apr. 25, 2017. Accessed on: Apr. 30, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2017/04/stabilizing-molecule-could-pave-way-lithium-air-fuel-cell

Webpage, (corporate author)

Organisation/company name, Title of Webpage, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[26] Energy Networks Australia, Judicial Review of Energy Network Regulatory Decisions, May 30, 2017. Accessed on: June 1, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.energynetworks.com.au/news/blog/judicial-review-energy-network-regulatory-decisions



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Audiovisual media

DVD

Producer(s) name, Title of DVD, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Production Company, Year of Production. [Type of medium]. Note: If no Producer(s) are stated, use Director(s) instead.

[27] R. Rees and C. Leslie, Nanotechnology: An Introduction, Bendigo, Australia: Rees Films, 2007. [DVD].

Streaming video

Production company, Title of Video, Year of Production. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database

[28] KNH Productions, N is for Nanotechnology, 2006. Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Streaming video]. Available: Kanopy Streaming database

Video tutorial

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Video Tutorial, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Production. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: name of database

[29] S. Allardice, Reviewing Software Development Methodologies, May 22, 2012. Accessed on: June 2, 2017. [Streaming video]. Available: Lynda.com database

Audio podcast

Presenter(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of podcast,” Title of Show, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Production. Place of Production City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Producer. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[30] A. Schiffrin, “Materials go nano,” Science Extra, Jan. 8, 2017. Sydney, Australia: ABC Radio National. Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Podcast]. Available: http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceextra/materials-go-nano/8117286

Video podcast

Presenter(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of podcast,” Title of Show, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Production. Place of Production City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Producer. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[31] P. Dhopade, S. Ober-Blobaum, E. Stride, A. Castro-Castellon, and E. Watson, “Women in engineering,” Women in Science, Aug. 1, 2016. Oxford, United Kingdom: University of Oxford.



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Accessed on: May 12, 2017. [Vodcast]. Available: https://www.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/women-engineering

Other sources

Blog

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of blog post,” Title of Blog, abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file [32] V. Pterneas, “Kinect for windows version 2: body tracking,” Vangos Pterneas, Mar. 13, 2014.

Accessed on: June 2, 2017. [Blog]. Available: http://pterneas.com/2014/03/13kinect-for-windows-version-2-body-tracking/

Dataset

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of dataset, vol. (volume number), Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[33] Y. Ren et al., Microstructures of cold-sprayed titanium before and after heat treatment, vol. 7, Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Data Collection, 2017. Accessed on: May 5, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5913e0247881b

Figures and tables

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of figure/table,” abbrev. Title of Publication, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), p. or pp. page(s) of figure, abbrev. Month. Year of Publication.

[34] Y. Karatas and F. Ince, “Fuzzy system with two inputs and one output,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 31, no. 5, p. 32, May 2016.

Patents (print)

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent Number, abbrev. Month Day, Year.

[35] K. L. Schierbeek and K. Schofield, "Vehicle compass with electronic sensor," United States Patent 5255442 A, Oct. 26, 1993.

Patents (online)

Invention name, by inventor(s) initial(s). Family name(s). (Year, abbrev. Month. Day). Patent Number. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: database name

[36] Multinode Temperature Sensor, by K. Deby. (2016, Dec. 13). Patent 2016102110. Accessed on: Mar. 29, 2017. [Online]. Available: AustPat database



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Personal communication

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), private communication, abbrev. Month. Year.

[37] L. Nguyen, private communication, Aug. 2016.

Standard

Title of Standard, Standard Number, Year.

[38] IEEE Standard for Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems, IEEE Standard 1900.6, 2011.

Thesis

Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of thesis," Type of thesis (Ph.D. dissertation or M.S. thesis), abbrev. Department, abbrev. University, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Year of Publication. Accessed on: abbrev. Month. Day, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

[39] M. Al-Saidi, “A model formulation approach for system support engineering,” Ph.D. dissertation, Aero., Mech. and Manuf. Eng., RMIT Univ., Melbourne, Australia, 2014. Accessed on: June 15, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:161152/Al_Saidi.pdf



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Example of a reference list

Reference List

[1] J. L. Blackburn, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2014.

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