in-situ resource utilization (isru) and lunar surface · pdf file ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
In-S
itu R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
(ISR
U)
And
Lun
ar S
urfa
ce S
yste
ms
Jerry
San
ders
JSC
gera
ld.b
.san
ders
@na
sa.g
ovB
ill L
arso
nK
SC
will
iam
.e.la
rson
@na
sa.g
ovK
urt S
acks
tede
rG
RC
kurt.
r.sac
kste
der@
nasa
.gov
Pres
enta
tion
to N
atio
nal A
cade
my
of S
cien
ces
W
orks
hop
on R
esea
rch
Enab
led
by th
e Lu
nar E
nviro
nmen
t
June
14,
200
7
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070022434 2018-05-25T05:54:26+00:00Z
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 2
Prev
ious
ISR
U D
evel
opm
ent &
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
oadm
ap
Luna
r
Commer
ce
Cons
truc
tion
Powe
r Ge
nera
tion
&
Beam
ing
to E
arth
Mining
Land
er
Refu
eling
& Re
use
L1/L
LOPr
opellant
Dep
ot
Lab.
Dem
os
“I th
ink
mor
e w
ork
is n
eede
d in
this
step
.”
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 3
Rol
e of
Moo
n in
Hum
an E
xplo
ratio
n
Two
Key
Que
stio
ns*
Are
ther
e ac
tiviti
es o
f eco
nom
ic v
alue
that
can
be
carr
ied
out b
y hu
man
s liv
ing
for e
xten
ded
dura
tion
on th
e M
oon?
Can
in-s
itu re
sour
ces
be u
sed
in s
igni
fican
t way
s to
sup
port
thos
e ac
tiviti
es?
*Ada
pted
from
Har
ry S
hipm
an, H
uman
s in
Spa
ce (1
980)
and
obt
aine
dfr
om J
ohn
Logs
don
Spac
e Se
ttlem
ent
Spac
e To
uris
m a
nd
Res
earc
h
Rob
otic
or
Hum
an T
ende
d O
utpo
stR
esea
rch
O
nly
Yes
No
Yes
No
Use
of I
n-Si
tu
Res
ourc
es
Feas
ible
?
Eco
nom
ical
ly V
alua
ble
Act
iviti
es F
easi
ble?
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 4
ISR
U &
NA
SA’s
Lun
ar A
rchi
tect
ure
ISR
U is
a c
ritic
al c
apab
ility
and
key
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
VSE
–En
able
s th
e co
ncep
t of “
livin
g of
f the
land
”–
Has
the
pote
ntia
l to
subs
tant
ially
redu
ce lu
nar d
ownm
ass
and
logi
stic
s–
Has
the
pote
ntia
l to
furth
er in
crea
se lu
nar d
ownm
ass
if LS
AM
Asc
ent
Veh
icle
can
be
fuel
ed fr
om lu
nar I
SR
U
–IS
RU
Obj
ectiv
es ra
ted
high
ly a
s a
resu
lt
At t
he s
ame
time,
ISR
U o
n th
e M
oon
is a
n un
prov
en c
apab
ility
for h
uman
luna
r exp
lora
tion
and
can
not b
e pu
t in
the
‘crit
ical
pa
th’ o
f arc
hite
ctur
e un
til p
rove
n–
Nee
d to
per
form
dem
onst
ratio
ns to
incr
ease
con
fiden
ce in
ISR
U–
Nee
d to
per
form
hyd
roge
n/w
ater
reso
urce
pro
spec
ting
‘ear
ly’ f
or th
is
re
sour
ce to
influ
ence
hum
an e
xplo
ratio
n
Ther
efor
e, IS
RU
(as
an e
nd in
and
of i
tsel
f) is
man
ifest
ed to
ta
ke in
crem
enta
l ste
ps to
war
d th
e de
sire
d en
dsta
te–
Star
ts w
ith g
aini
ng k
now
ledg
e in
Pre
curs
or m
issi
ons
–C
ontin
ues
with
find
ing
the
hydr
ogen
(loc
atio
n, fo
rm, c
once
ntra
tion,
etc
)–
Begi
ns s
mal
l sca
le d
emon
stra
tion
–H
its th
e ea
sy s
tuff
first
, lik
e ox
ygen
–A
rchi
tect
ure
is d
esig
ned
to b
e co
mpl
etel
y in
depe
nden
t fro
m IS
RU
,ju
st in
cas
e it
does
n’t p
an o
ut in
itial
ly
Arc
hite
ctur
e is
des
igne
d to
be
open
eno
ugh
to ta
ke a
dvan
tage
of IS
RU
from
wha
teve
r sou
rce
whe
n av
aila
ble
–Sc
aven
ge s
pent
LS
AM
tank
age
–U
se E
CLS
S c
lose
d-lo
op b
ypro
duct
s–
Des
ign
LSA
M to
hav
e th
e ca
pabi
lity
to fu
el a
t the
Moo
n –
Prac
tice
and
dem
onst
rate
ISR
U p
roce
sses
and
tech
niqu
es a
t eve
ry s
tep
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 5
Glo
bal L
unar
Str
ateg
y O
bjec
tives
: Prio
ritiz
ed-T
op 4
0
Ove
rall
Ran
kO
bjec
tive
ID N
umbe
rC
ateg
ory
Shor
t Titl
e
1m
CA
S2
Cre
w A
ctiv
ity S
uppo
rtE
VA
Sui
t
2m
LSH
3Li
fe S
uppo
rt &
H
abita
tC
lose
d Lo
op E
CLS
S (p
hysi
oche
mic
al)
3m
EH
M1
Envi
ronm
enta
l H
azar
d M
itiga
tion
Rad
iatio
n Sh
ield
ing
(Bac
kgro
und
& S
olar
Fla
res)
4m
LSH
1Li
fe S
uppo
rt &
H
abita
tH
abita
tion
Sys
tem
s
5m
HH
2H
uman
Hea
lthLu
nar E
nviro
nmen
t Effe
cts
on
Hum
ans
6m
OP
S1
Ope
ratio
ns, T
est &
V
erifi
catio
nH
uman
Sur
face
Ops
(Mak
e E
VA
ea
sier
)
7m
HH
1H
uman
Hea
lthFu
ndam
enta
l Bio
logi
cal &
Ph
ysio
logi
cal S
tudi
es
8m
OP
S10
Ope
ratio
ns, T
est &
V
erifi
catio
nLu
nar R
epai
r Tec
hniq
ues
9m
PW
R1
Pow
erP
ower
Gen
erat
ion,
Sto
rage
, &
Dis
tribu
tion
10m
HH
3H
uman
Hea
lthLu
nar H
ealth
Car
e
11m
PE
2P
rogr
am E
xecu
tion
Exp
lora
tion
Stra
tegy
12m
TRA
NS
2Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Aut
onom
ous
Land
er
13m
EH
M2
Envi
ronm
enta
l H
azar
d M
itiga
tion
Dus
t Miti
gatio
n Te
chni
ques
14m
CA
S3
Cre
w A
ctiv
ity S
uppo
rtH
uman
Mac
hine
Par
tner
ship
15m
PE
6P
rogr
am E
xecu
tion
Affo
rdab
ility
& S
usta
inab
ility
16m
OP
S9
Ope
ratio
ns, T
est &
V
erifi
catio
nC
rew
-Cen
tere
d C
ontro
l
17m
CO
M1
Com
mun
icat
ions
Sca
labl
e C
omm
unic
atio
ns
18m
HH
4H
uman
Hea
lthR
educ
ed L
unar
Hab
itatio
n Pr
essu
re
Effe
cts
19m
LRU
6Lu
nar R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
Tool
s, T
echn
olog
ies,
& S
yste
ms
for
ISR
U
20m
OP
S3
Ope
ratio
ns, T
est &
V
erifi
catio
nM
ars
Ana
log
Ove
rall
Ran
kO
bjec
tive
ID N
umbe
rC
ateg
ory
Shor
t Titl
e
21m
SM
1S
urfa
ce M
obili
tyS
urfa
ce M
obili
ty fo
r Cre
w &
Car
go
22m
LRU
7Lu
nar R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
Pro
duce
Pro
pella
nts
& O
ther
C
onsu
mab
les
23m
LRU
1Lu
nar R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
Cha
ract
eriz
e Lu
nar R
esou
rce
Pot
entia
l
24m
LRU
3Lu
nar R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
Dem
onst
rate
ISR
U T
echn
olog
ies
25m
PE
7P
rogr
am
Exec
utio
nPr
ogra
m E
xecu
tion
Flex
ibili
ty
26m
PE
3P
rogr
am
Exec
utio
nM
axim
ize
Syn
ergy
27m
TRAN
S3Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Cry
o Fl
uid
Man
agem
ent
27m
GE
O8
Geo
logy
Cha
ract
eriz
e P
oten
tial R
esou
rces
29m
OP
S2
Ope
ratio
ns, T
est
& V
erifi
catio
nR
emot
e Tr
aini
ng
30m
CA
S5
Cre
w A
ctiv
ity
Supp
ort
Tele
oper
atio
ns &
Tel
epre
senc
e
31m
PE
4P
rogr
am
Exec
utio
nE
mph
asiz
e S
yste
m P
erfo
rman
ce
32m
GE
O7-
1G
eolo
gyC
hara
cter
ize
Luna
r Vol
atile
s
33m
SM
2S
urfa
ce M
obili
tyS
urfa
ce M
obili
ty fo
r Out
post
34m
EN
VM
ON
1En
viro
nmen
tal
Mon
itorin
gM
onito
r Spa
ce W
eath
er
35m
CA
S4
Cre
w A
ctiv
ity
Supp
ort
Aut
onom
ous
Rob
otic
Sup
port
for E
VA
&
Long
Ran
ge
36m
LRU
9Lu
nar R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
Luna
r Ele
men
ts th
at U
se IS
RU
37m
NAV
1N
avig
atio
nG
NC
Lun
ar C
apab
ilitie
s
38m
ENVC
H3
Envi
ronm
enta
l C
hara
cter
izat
ion
Cha
ract
eriz
e S
urfa
ce R
adia
tion
Envi
ronm
ent
39m
EH
M4
Envi
ronm
enta
l H
azar
d M
itiga
tion
Ther
mal
Pro
tect
ion
40m
ENVC
H5
Envi
ronm
enta
l C
hara
cter
izat
ion
Cha
ract
eriz
e D
ust E
nviro
nmen
t
Ove
rarc
hing
Obj
ectiv
esR
ed=
ISR
U O
bjec
tives
; B
lue
= O
bjec
tives
Lin
ked
to IS
RU
Obj
ectiv
es
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 6
Obj
ectiv
es o
f Lun
ar IS
RU
Dev
elop
men
t & U
se
1.Id
entif
y an
d ch
arac
teriz
e re
sour
ces
on M
oon
(esp
ecia
lly p
olar
regi
on) t
hat:
–C
an s
trong
ly in
fluen
ce m
issi
on p
hase
s, lo
catio
ns, a
nd e
lem
ent d
esig
ns to
ach
ieve
max
imum
be
nefit
of I
SR
U–
Is s
yner
gist
ic w
ith S
cien
ce a
nd s
pace
com
mer
cial
izat
ion
obje
ctiv
es
2.D
emon
stra
te IS
RU
conc
epts
, tec
hnol
ogie
s, &
har
dwar
e th
at re
duce
the
mas
s, c
ost,
&
risk
for f
utur
e M
ars
mis
sion
s–
Exc
avat
ion
and
mat
eria
l han
dlin
g &
tran
spor
t–
Vola
tile/
hydr
ogen
/wat
er e
xtra
ctio
n–
Ther
mal
/che
mic
al p
roce
ssin
g su
bsys
tem
s fo
r oxy
gen
and
fuel
pro
duct
ion
–C
ryog
enic
flui
d st
orag
e &
tran
sfer
–M
etal
ext
ract
ion
and
fabr
icat
ion
of s
pare
par
ts
3.U
se M
oon
for o
pera
tiona
l exp
erie
nce
and
mis
sion
val
idat
ion
for M
ars
–Pr
e-de
ploy
men
t & a
ctiv
atio
n of
ISR
U a
sset
s–
Mak
ing
and
trans
ferri
ng m
issi
on c
onsu
mab
les
(pro
pella
nts,
life
sup
port,
pow
er, e
tc.)
–La
ndin
g cr
ew w
ith p
re-p
ositi
oned
retu
rn v
ehic
le o
r ‘em
pty’
tank
s–
‘Sho
rt’ (<
90 d
ays)
and
‘Lon
g’ (3
00 to
500
day
s) M
ars
surfa
ce s
tay
dres
s re
hear
sals
4.D
evel
opan
d ev
olve
luna
r ISR
U c
apab
ilitie
sth
at e
nabl
eex
plor
atio
n ca
pabi
litie
s fr
om
the
star
t of t
he O
utpo
stph
ase
–ex
. Hum
an a
nd ro
botic
hop
pers
for l
ong-
rang
e su
rface
mob
ility
and
glob
al s
cien
ce a
cces
s;
pow
er-ri
ch d
istri
bute
d sy
stem
s;
enha
nced
radi
atio
n sh
ield
ing,
etc
.
5.D
evel
opan
d ev
olve
luna
r ISR
U c
apab
ilitie
sto
sup
port
sust
aine
d, e
cono
mic
al s
pace
tr
ansp
orta
tion,
pre
senc
e on
Moo
n, a
nd s
pace
com
mer
cial
izat
ion
effo
rts
–Lo
wer
Ear
th-to
-Orb
it la
unch
nee
ds
–En
able
reus
e of
tran
spor
tatio
n as
sets
and
sin
gle
stag
e la
nder
/asc
ent v
ehic
les
Low
er c
ost t
o go
vern
men
t thr
u go
vern
men
t-com
mer
cial
spa
ce c
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n in
itiat
ives
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 7
ISR
U C
apab
ilitie
s fo
r Hum
an L
unar
Exp
lora
tion
Pre-
Out
post
D
eter
min
e ty
pe, a
mou
nt, a
nd lo
catio
n of
pos
sibl
e re
sour
ces
of in
tere
st (i
.e. i
lmen
ite, w
ater
, et
c.) –
link
to S
cien
ce o
bjec
tives
if p
ossi
ble
Per
form
pro
of-o
f-con
cept
and
risk
redu
ctio
n de
mon
stra
tions
to c
ertif
y IS
RU
cap
abili
ties
for
use
at th
e O
utpo
st -
link
to c
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n of
spa
ce if
pos
sibl
eP
erfo
rm s
ite c
hara
cter
izat
ion
of to
pogr
aphy
, sub
surfa
ce, a
nd li
ghtin
g co
nditi
ons
Initi
al IS
RU
Cap
abili
ties
to b
e pu
rsue
d du
ring
early
Out
post
(firs
t 5 y
ears
)P
ilot-s
cale
oxy
gen
prod
uctio
n, s
tora
ge, &
tran
sfer
cap
abilit
y (re
plen
ish
cons
umab
les)
Pilo
t-sca
le w
ater
pro
duct
ion,
sto
rage
, & tr
ansf
er c
apab
ility
–as
sum
ing
hydr
ogen
so
urce
/wat
er is
acc
essi
ble
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
In-s
itu fa
bric
atio
n an
d re
pair
dem
onst
ratio
nP
ossi
ble
ISR
U C
apab
ility
und
er e
valu
atio
n -E
xcav
atio
n &
site
pre
para
tion
(i.e.
radi
atio
n sh
ield
ing
for h
abita
ts, l
andi
ng p
lum
e be
rms,
land
ing
area
cle
aran
ce, h
ole
or tr
ench
for
habi
tat o
r nuc
lear
reac
tor,
etc.
)
Mid
-Ter
m IS
RU
Cap
abili
ties
-Exp
lora
tion
grow
th(“
Hub
& S
poke
”)P
rope
llant
pro
duct
ion
for L
SA
M, r
obot
ic s
ampl
e re
turn
, or p
ropu
lsiv
e H
oppe
r fro
m O
utpo
stC
onsu
mab
les
for P
ress
uriz
ed ro
ver
Con
stru
ctio
n an
d fa
bric
atio
n de
mon
stra
tions
Poss
ible
Lon
g-Te
rm L
unar
Cap
abili
ties
(Set
tlem
ent)
In-s
itu m
anuf
actu
ring
and
asse
mbl
y of
com
plex
par
ts a
nd e
quip
men
tH
abita
t and
infra
stru
ctur
e co
nstru
ctio
n (s
urfa
ce &
sub
surfa
ce)
In-s
itu li
fe s
uppo
rt –
bio
supp
ort (
soil,
ferti
lizer
s, e
tc.)
Pow
er g
ener
atio
n fo
r Moo
n an
d be
yond
: be
amin
g, h
eliu
m-3
isot
ope
(3H
e) m
inin
g, e
tc.
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 8
Crit
ical
ISR
U C
onne
ctiv
ity
Expl
osiv
es
Ther
mal
Ene
rgy
Surf
ace
&
Fuel
Cel
l Po
wer
G
ener
atio
n
Land
er-A
scen
t &
Hop
per
Prop
ulsi
on
Envi
ronm
enta
l C
ontr
ol &
Life
Su
ppor
t Sys
tem
(EC
LSS)
Ther
mal
Ene
rgy
Pur
ge g
as/ta
nk p
ress
uran
tP
rope
llant
(O
2or
O2/f
uel)
Fuel
cel
l rea
gent
s (O
2an
d fu
el)
Bac
kup
wat
er
Con
stru
ctio
n &
M
anuf
actu
ring
InIn-- S
ituSi
tuR
esou
rce
Res
ourc
eU
tiliz
atio
nU
tiliz
atio
n(IS
RU
)(IS
RU
)Fu
el c
ell t
echn
olog
yco
mm
on w
ith IS
PP
EC
LSS
tech
nolo
gyco
mm
on w
ith IS
PP
Gas
for p
neum
atic
sys
tem
s
Expl
osiv
es
Mat
eria
ls fo
r con
cret
e &
met
al s
truct
ures
Hyd
roca
rbon
s fo
r pla
stic
s
O2
and
N2/A
r for
Hab
itat &
EV
A s
uits
Wat
er a
nd c
arbo
n w
aste
from
EC
LSS
Scie
nce
Act
iviti
esWat
er fr
om fu
el c
ell
Gas
for d
rills
&
hard
war
e
N2
and/
or A
r for
sc
ienc
e in
stru
men
ts
CFM
te
chno
logy
co
mm
on
with
ISR
U
Def
ines
pro
pella
nt
optio
ns &
pro
puls
ion
capa
bilit
ies
Def
ines
leve
l of c
lose
d-lo
op
EC
LSS
requ
ired
Def
ines
sur
face
po
wer
nee
ds a
nd
fuel
cel
l rea
gent
s
Def
ines
reso
urce
ex
cava
tion
&
trans
porta
tion
capa
bilit
ies
Surf
ace
Mob
ility
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 9
Des
ign
& Im
plem
enta
tion
Impa
cts
of IS
RU
on
Out
post
Ele
men
tsLi
fe S
uppo
rt–
Deg
ree
of c
lose
d-lo
op a
ir/w
ater
cyc
le a
nd te
chno
logi
es/c
apab
ilitie
s re
quire
d de
pend
s on
ava
ilabi
lity
of IS
RU
wat
er a
nd o
xyge
n. (e
x. tr
ade
ISR
U s
uppl
ied
wat
er fo
r ‘di
rty’ w
ater
for p
rope
llant
pro
duct
ion)
–Po
ssib
le c
omm
on w
ater
and
air
proc
essi
ng te
chno
logi
es a
nd h
ardw
are
–Am
ount
of l
ogis
tics
requ
ired
from
Ear
th p
er y
ear,
size
/mas
s of
logi
stic
s ca
rrier
, and
del
iver
y ra
te–
Dis
posa
l of t
rash
and
pla
stic
was
te –
poss
ible
ISR
U w
ater
, fue
l pro
duct
ion,
and
fabr
icat
ion/
repa
ir fe
edst
ock
by p
roce
ssin
g w
ith IS
RU
oxy
gen
Extr
a Ve
hicu
lar A
ctiv
ity (E
VA)
–Li
quid
oxy
gen
(LO
2) v
s hi
gh p
ress
ure
oxyg
en fo
r Por
tabl
e Li
fe S
uppo
rt S
yste
m (P
LSS
). L
O2
cons
ider
ed fo
r PLS
S o
nly
if av
aila
ble
from
ISR
U–
Wat
er c
oolin
g/ve
ntin
g vs
alte
rnat
ive
cool
ing
for P
LSS
. A
vaila
bilit
y of
ISR
U w
ater
or L
O2
coul
d im
pact
logi
stic
s an
d de
sign
–Am
ount
of l
ogis
tics
requ
ired
from
Ear
th p
er y
ear,
size
/mas
s of
logi
stic
s ca
rrier
, and
del
iver
y ra
te
Surf
ace
Hab
itat &
Mob
ile P
ower
–C
onsu
mab
le a
mou
nt a
nd s
tora
ge c
once
pt fo
r fue
l cel
l rea
ctan
ts fo
r nig
ht ti
me
pow
er s
yste
m (h
igh
pres
sure
oxy
gen
vs L
O2)
diff
eren
t if I
SR
U is
ava
ilabl
e (1
2% m
ass
savi
ngs
for L
O2)
–Sy
stem
cap
abilit
y to
rege
nera
te fu
el c
ell r
eact
ants
for s
urfa
ce m
obilit
y un
its (i
ncre
ase
size
of I
SR
U
wat
er e
lect
roly
sis
and
stor
age
syst
em v
s se
para
te d
edic
ated
sys
tem
)
Luna
r Lan
der (
LSA
M) P
ropu
lsio
n–
ISR
U O
2(a
nd p
ossi
bly
CH
4) e
nabl
es re
supp
ly a
scen
t veh
icle
s–
Use
of L
SA
M d
esce
nt ta
nks
for I
SR
U s
tora
ge m
inim
izes
dow
nmas
s
Out
post
Lay
out,
Dep
loym
ent,
and
Surf
ace
Ope
ratio
ns–
Mob
ile R
egol
ith tr
ansp
ort s
yste
ms
for p
rope
llant
/con
sum
able
s pr
oduc
tion
plan
t can
dou
ble
as ro
ad
grad
ers,
land
ing
site
gro
omer
s, re
golit
h sh
ield
ing/
insu
latin
g st
ruct
ure
build
ers,
etc
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
0
Luna
r ISR
U D
evel
opm
ent &
Mis
sion
Str
ateg
y
LRO
/LC
RO
SS m
issi
ons
prov
ide
criti
cal d
ata
for I
SRU
and
wat
er re
sour
ce
deve
lopm
ent a
nd im
plem
enta
tion
stra
tegi
es fo
r the
luna
r Out
post
–LR
O p
rovi
des
loca
tions
of p
rimar
y in
tere
st fo
r res
ourc
e pr
ospe
ctin
g an
d sl
ope/
terra
in
info
rmat
ion
for m
obilit
y–
Allo
ws
futu
re g
loba
l und
erst
andi
ng o
f res
ourc
e po
tent
ial a
t oth
er lo
catio
ns a
fter ‘
grou
nd tr
uth’
m
issi
on h
as b
een
perfo
rmed
–LC
RO
SS
cou
ldpr
ovid
e ea
rly e
vide
nce
of w
ater
on
the
Moo
n
For m
inim
um im
plem
enta
tion
risk,
Lun
ar IS
RU
sho
uld
be d
emon
stra
ted
and
inco
rpor
ated
into
the
Luna
r arc
hite
ctur
e in
3 P
hase
s:
–Ph
ase
1 P
roof
-of-c
once
pt &
Con
cept
Val
idat
ion
–Ph
ase
2 R
isk
Red
uctio
n fo
r Out
post
(1/1
0th
Out
post
sca
le m
in. &
6 m
onth
s op
erat
ion
–pr
ovid
es E
VA
cap
abilit
y de
mon
stra
tion
befo
re O
utpo
st)
–Ph
ase
3 O
utpo
st D
eplo
ymen
t and
Ope
ratio
n (fu
ll sc
ale
and
redu
ndan
t)
Luna
r ISR
U te
chno
logy
and
sys
tem
dev
elop
men
t mus
t be
tied
to o
ther
Sur
face
Sy
stem
s –
Con
sum
able
sto
rage
and
tran
sfer
arc
hite
ctur
e fo
r life
sup
port,
fuel
cel
l pow
er (n
ight
time
and
mob
ile),
EV
A, p
ropu
lsio
n, a
nd h
abita
t EC
LSS
mak
e-up
and
resu
pply
–C
omm
on te
chno
logi
es a
nd h
ardw
are
to re
duce
cos
t and
logi
stic
s
Luna
r res
ourc
e ob
ject
ives
requ
ire s
epar
ate
but i
nteg
rate
d de
velo
pmen
t pat
hs–
Oxy
gen
extra
ctio
n fro
m re
golit
h (a
nyw
here
on
the
Moo
n)–
Hyd
roge
n/w
ater
ext
ract
ion
(Pol
ar re
gion
onl
y)•
If hi
gh c
once
ntra
tion
outs
ide
shad
owed
cra
ter,
eval
uate
reso
urce
extra
ctio
n an
d us
e po
tent
ial
•If
low
con
cent
ratio
n ou
tsid
e sh
adow
ed c
rate
r, pe
rform
pro
spec
ting
in s
hado
wed
cra
ter
–C
onve
rsio
n of
tras
h &
pla
stic
s
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
1
Luna
r Oxy
gen
Prod
uctio
n O
verv
iew
Prod
uctio
n ra
te o
f 5 M
T ox
ygen
(O2)
& 1
MT
wat
er p
er y
ear i
s ba
selin
ed fo
r the
initi
al
Out
post
(202
3) w
ith b
uild
up to
10
MT
O2
per y
ear b
y 20
27 w
ith fu
el:
Initi
al c
apab
ility
sup
port
s EV
A a
nd h
abita
t life
sup
port
nee
dsB
uild
-up
rate
sup
port
s ox
ygen
nee
d fo
r tw
o LS
AM
asc
ent v
ehic
les,
EVA
co
nsum
able
s, a
nd h
abita
t/life
sup
port
bac
kup
Rea
ctio
n C
ham
ber
Res
idua
l Gas
A
nal y
zer
CO
2 Las
er S
yste
mMas
s Fl
ow C
ontr
olle
rs
Vide
o C
amer
a w
ith Z
oom
Le
ns
Infr
ared
Th
erm
omet
er
Line
ar A
ctua
tors
fo
r Rad
iatio
n R
efle
ctor
(4)
Rot
atio
n M
otor
for t
he
Pro
cess
ed R
egol
ith
Rem
oval
Rak
e
Tran
slat
ion
Driv
e fo
r th
e Pr
oces
sed
Reg
olith
R
emov
al R
ake
Rak
e Tr
ansl
atio
n D
rive
Mot
or
Aug
er D
rive
Mot
or
Cou
rtesy
of O
rbite
cC
ourte
sy o
f C
olor
ado
Sch
ool
of M
ines
Cra
ter R
im
Wat
er
Exca
vatio
n Ar
ea
Spen
t R
egol
ith
Dum
ping
Ar
ea
ISR
U P
lant
–O
2or
Wat
er
500
met
ers
1000
met
ers
15º S
lope
100
met
ers
100
met
ers
8000
m
eter s
Per
man
ently
Sha
dow
ed
Cra
ter
Upp
er 1
0 cm
of r
egol
ith
is d
essi
cate
d 1.
5% b
y m
ass
wat
er
cont
ent.
Reg
olith
is
loos
e an
d
unco
nsol
idat
edP
ower
: Nuc
lear
, cab
le,
or p
ower
bea
med
for
elem
ents
tha
t sta
y in
th
e cr
ater
200
met
ers
Dow
n to
0.7
5 m
500
met
ers
Reg
olith
Exc
avat
ion
Area
fo
r sol
ar w
ind
vola
tiles
Dow
n to
0.1
m
Pow
erS
up
ply
Reg
olith
Ex
cava
tion
Area
for O
2Pr
oduc
tion
Spen
t R
egol
ith
Dum
ping
Ar
ea
Land
ing/
Asce
nt P
ad A
rea
500
met
ers
Equ
ator
ial r
egio
nP
ower
: –
Sol
ar 5
0% p
er y
ear w
ith 1
4 da
y/ni
ght c
ycle
s–
Bot
h el
ectri
cal a
nd s
olar
en
ergy
from
sun
–S
hutd
own
durin
g lu
nar
nigh
t for
mai
nten
ance
Hig
h tit
aniu
m/ir
on o
xide
mar
e
Dow
n to
0.3
m
100
met
ers
Hab
500
met
ers
Leve
l 0 A
rchi
tect
ure
& O
utpo
st R
equi
rem
ents
Reg
olith
Exc
avat
ion
& T
rans
port
Reg
olith
O2
Pro
duct
ion
Oxy
gen
Tran
spor
tM
odifi
ed L
SA
M -
Oxy
gen
Sto
rage
Mob
ile S
ervi
cer
Scen
ario
1: O
xyge
n P
rodu
ctio
n fro
m R
egol
ith
Mas
s of
ISR
U h
ardw
are
requ
ired
to p
rodu
ce 8
to 1
0 M
T of
oxy
gen
per y
ear i
s <2
000
kg.
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
2
Luna
r Vol
atile
& W
ater
Res
ourc
e O
verv
iew
In-s
itu a
vaila
bilit
y of
wat
er a
nd h
ydro
gen
is o
f si
gnifi
cant
in
tere
st fo
r hum
an e
xplo
ratio
n–
Cre
w d
rinki
ng/c
lean
ing
and
degr
ee o
f wat
er p
roce
ssin
g
requ
ired
–Ex
tra-v
ehic
ular
act
ivity
(EV
A) s
uit c
oolin
g–
O2
and
H2
from
wat
er fo
r pro
puls
ion
and
fuel
cel
ls;
also
ea
sily
tran
sfer
able
to o
ther
loca
tions
for p
roce
ssin
g
(o
rbita
l dep
ots)
–R
adia
tion
shie
ldin
g
Elev
ated
hyd
roge
n so
urce
mos
t lik
ely
in p
erm
anen
tly
sh
adow
ed c
rate
rs a
t lun
ar p
oles
rais
ing
sign
ifica
nt
acqu
isiti
on a
nd p
roce
ssin
g is
sues
–Ex
trem
ely
cold
-vac
uum
env
ironm
ent (
40 to
100
K)
–Po
tent
ially
at b
otto
m o
f dee
p cr
ater
s (4
to 8
km
with
15
to 3
0 de
gree
slo
pes)
has
impa
ct o
n po
wer
and
sur
face
mob
ility
–Tr
ansi
tion
for s
unlit
to c
old
envi
ronm
ent h
as im
pact
on
ther
mal
co
ntro
l des
ign
–M
ixtu
res
of w
ater
and
rego
lith
at lo
w te
mpe
ratu
res
impa
cts
exca
vatio
n fo
rce
and
desi
gn
Cur
rent
ly d
evel
opin
g re
sour
ce a
cqui
sitio
n, p
roce
ssin
g, a
nd
char
acte
rizat
ion
hard
war
e fo
r pos
sibl
e us
e in
futu
re L
PRP
mis
sion
for s
cien
ce a
nd e
xplo
ratio
n to
det
erm
ine:
–R
egol
ith p
rope
rties
for f
utur
e ex
cava
tion
and
proc
essi
ng s
yste
ms
–Vo
latil
e co
nstit
uent
s, a
mou
nts,
and
dis
tribu
tion
–IS
RU
-rela
ted
hard
war
e pe
rform
ance
on
the
Moo
n
Poss
ible
syn
ergi
sm w
ith p
rosp
ectin
g an
d ex
trac
ting
wat
er o
n M
ars
for I
SRU
Wat
er P
roce
ssin
g
Wat
er T
rans
port
(o
ut o
f cra
ter)
Mod
ified
LS
AM
–O
2&
H2
Sto
rage
Oxy
gen
Tran
spor
t
Hyd
roge
n Tr
ansp
ort
Mob
ile S
ervi
cer
Reg
olith
Exc
avat
ion
Scen
ario
2: P
olar
Wat
er P
rodu
ctio
n
Wat
er/h
ydro
gen
Ext
ract
ion
Pla
nt
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
3
JSC
KSC GR
CM
SFC
JPL
AR
CIS
RU
Surf
ace
Mob
ility
Surf
ace
Pow
erPr
opul
-si
on
Life
Su
ppor
t/E
VA
Man
. &
Rep
air
DO
E/
Nat
. Lab
s
Gov
ernm
ent
Aca
dem
ia/
Scie
nce
Inte
rnat
iona
l Pa
rtne
rsSp
ace
Com
mer
cial
izat
ion
Indu
stry
(A
ero
& n
on-
Aer
ospa
ce)
ISR
U &
Impo
rtan
t Col
labo
ratio
ns
NA
SA
DO
D/
DA
RPA
Stat
eTe
chno
logy
D
evel
opm
ent
Coo
rdin
atio
n
ISR
U D
evel
opm
ent
Coo
rdin
atio
n
Gov
ernm
ent
Dev
elop
men
t C
oord
inat
ion
NA
SA D
irect
orat
e C
oord
inat
ion
ESM
DSM
D•
Moo
n•
Mar
s
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
4
ISR
U C
an U
nite
Hum
an E
xplo
ratio
n, S
cien
ce, &
Spa
ce C
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n
Hum
an
Expl
orat
ion
Scie
nce
Expl
orat
ion
Spac
e C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t
12
34
1.Jo
int S
cien
ce/H
uman
Exp
lora
tion
Dire
ct•
Rem
ote
& in
-situ
reso
urce
phy
sica
l, ch
emic
al,
and
spat
ial c
hara
cter
izat
ion
•En
viro
nmen
t cha
ract
eriz
atio
n•
Res
ourc
e/sa
mpl
e ex
tract
ion
an
d pr
oces
sing
•H
uman
/robo
tic in
tera
ctio
n•
Auto
nom
ous
Ope
ratio
nsIn
dire
ct•
Acce
ss to
bed
rock
and
subs
urfa
ce s
tratig
raph
y•
Exte
nded
mis
sion
s •
Enha
nced
sur
face
mob
ility
•En
hanc
ed o
r inc
reas
ed
pow
er a
vaila
bilit
y•
Incr
ease
d pa
yloa
d or
sam
ple
retu
rn s
ize
•In
frast
ruct
ure
for l
ong-
term
op
erat
ions
2.Jo
int H
uman
Exp
lora
tion/
Sp
ace
Com
mer
cial
izat
ion
•Kn
owle
dge
of re
sour
ces
and
‘mar
ket’
pote
ntia
l•
Ris
k re
duct
ion
dem
onst
ratio
ns•
Hig
h-le
vera
ge p
rodu
cts
with
‘ret
urn
on
inve
stm
ent’
–Pr
opel
lant
s–
Life
sup
port
cons
umab
les
–Po
wer
•R
obus
t and
affo
rdab
le tr
ansp
orta
tion
arch
itect
ure
•Lo
ng-te
rm o
pera
tions
and
goa
ls•
Infra
stru
ctur
e an
d ca
pabi
lity
grow
th
3.Jo
int S
cien
ce/S
pace
C
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n•
Res
ourc
e ch
arac
teriz
atio
n/pr
ospe
ctin
g•
Res
ourc
e/sa
mpl
e ex
tract
ion
and
proc
essi
ng•
Infra
stru
ctur
e fo
r lon
g-te
rm o
pera
tions
4. N
eeds
Com
mon
to A
ll•
Res
ourc
e in
form
atio
n (s
ampl
e re
turn
)•
Res
ourc
e/sa
mpl
e ex
trac
tion
•M
axim
ize
payl
oad/
retu
rn m
ass
•M
axim
ize
pow
er a
vaila
bilit
y•
Hum
an/ro
botic
inte
ract
ion
•R
educ
ed d
evel
opm
ent a
nd m
issi
on c
ost
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
5
Nea
r & F
ar T
erm
Spa
ce C
omm
erci
al A
pplic
atio
ns
Rem
ote
Sens
ing
–E
arth
vie
win
g–
Astro
nom
ical
obs
erva
torie
sSe
lf-Su
stai
ning
Col
onie
s–
Tour
ism
–R
esor
t con
stru
ctio
n &
ser
vici
ngPo
wer
Gen
erat
ion
–P
ower
bea
min
g fro
m lu
nar s
urfa
ce–
Hel
ium
-3C
is-L
unar
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
& P
rope
llant
At E
arth
-Moo
n L1
for f
ollo
win
g:–
NAS
A Sc
ienc
e &
Hum
an E
xplo
ratio
n M
issi
ons
–D
ebris
Man
agem
ent
–M
ilitar
y S
pace
Con
trol (
serv
icin
g; m
ovin
g,
etc.
)–
Com
mer
cial
Sat
ellit
e D
eliv
ery
from
LE
O,
Ser
vici
ng, &
Ref
uelin
g –
Del
iver
y of
reso
urce
s/pr
oduc
ts fo
r Spa
ce
Sol
ar P
ower
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
6
Path
to C
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n
Initi
ate
NA
SA-G
over
nmen
t Tas
ks to
Ena
ble
Spac
e C
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n–
Dem
onst
ratio
ns to
val
idat
e co
ncep
ts &
bui
ld b
usin
ess
case
–R
egul
atio
n re
form
s: t
ax in
cent
ives
, pro
perty
righ
ts, l
iabi
lity,
ITA
R /
expo
rt co
ntro
l
Util
ize
Mul
tiple
Met
hods
for ‘
Com
mer
cial
izin
g’ IS
RU
–Tr
aditi
onal
dev
elop
men
t BA
A/C
ontra
cts
–N
AS
A In
nova
tive
Par
tner
ship
Pro
gram
(IP
P)
–C
ontra
ct fo
r ‘se
rvic
es’
–G
over
nmen
t-Ind
ustry
Con
sorti
ums
(Com
sat o
r Gal
ileo)
–G
over
nmen
t-Ind
ustry
“Inf
rast
ruct
ure”
Par
tner
ship
s (ra
ilroa
d, a
ir-m
ail,
high
way
s, e
tc.)
–P
rizes
–C
reat
ion
of E
arth
, LE
O, a
nd L
unar
-bas
ed IS
RU
test
& d
evel
opm
ent l
abor
ator
ies
Esta
blis
h a
com
mitt
ee o
f rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
NA
SA, i
ndus
try,
and
ac
adem
ia–
Def
ine
the
role
s th
at N
AS
A a
nd In
dust
ry w
ill ha
ve a
s sp
ace
expl
orat
ion
mat
ures
.–
Pro
mot
e en
actm
ent o
f reg
ulat
ions
and
pol
icy
that
ena
ble
shor
t and
long
-term
luna
r co
mm
erci
aliz
atio
n go
als
–In
itiat
e an
d es
tabl
ish
polic
ies,
proc
edur
es a
nd in
cent
ives
to tu
rn o
ver L
unar
in
frast
ruct
ure
asse
ts to
indu
stry
so
NA
SA
can
focu
s on
exp
lorin
gbe
yond
the
Moo
n.–
Prio
ritiz
e te
chno
logy
dev
elop
men
t & d
emon
stra
tions
whi
ch b
est m
eet g
oals
of b
oth
redu
ced
cost
s to
NA
SA
hum
an e
xplo
ratio
n &
spa
ce c
omm
erci
aliz
atio
n–
Def
ine
scop
e an
d ch
arte
r for
Gov
ernm
ent-I
ndus
try S
pace
Con
sorti
ums
Early
eng
agem
ent o
f NA
SA/c
omm
erci
al p
artn
ersh
ips
is re
quire
d to
m
axim
ize
com
mer
cial
ben
efits
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
7
Cus
tom
ers
& C
onne
ctiv
ity
Prop
ulsi
on S
yste
ms
Prop
ella
nt S
tora
ge &
Val
ving
Sola
r Col
lect
ors
Life
Sup
port/
EVA
Syst
ems
Con
sum
able
Sto
rage
& V
alvi
ngW
ater
Pro
cess
ing/
Elec
troly
sis
Car
bon
Dio
xide
Pro
cess
ing
Liqu
id/G
as S
epar
atio
nSo
lar C
olle
ctor
sM
obilit
y Pl
atfo
rms
Surfa
ce P
ower
Con
sum
able
Sto
rage
& V
alvi
ngW
ater
Pro
cess
ing/
Elec
troly
sis
Liqu
id/G
as S
epar
atio
nSo
lar C
olle
ctor
sSc
ienc
e In
stru
men
tsG
eote
chni
cal P
rope
rties
Vola
tile
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
nM
obilit
y Pl
atfo
rms
Test
ing
& C
ertif
icat
ion
Surfa
ce A
nalo
gsEn
viro
nmen
t Sim
ulat
ion
Cha
mbe
rsLu
nar s
imul
ants
Sim
ulan
t Bed
Pre
para
tion
Har
dwar
e C
onne
ctiv
ity
Cus
tom
ers
& S
take
hold
ers
•ES
MD
Tec
hnol
ogy
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
gram
•Lu
nar A
rchi
tect
ure
and
Mis
sion
Pla
nner
s•
Luna
r Rob
otic
Pre
curs
or P
rogr
am (L
PR
P)
•C
onst
ella
tion
Pro
gram
(LS
AM
& S
urfa
ce S
yste
ms)
•O
ther
US
Gov
ernm
ent A
genc
ies
•In
tern
atio
nal P
artn
ers
•C
omm
erci
al S
pace
Indu
stry
Con
nect
ivity
Prop
ulsi
on S
yste
ms
Prop
ella
nt Q
uant
ityPr
opel
lant
Typ
eR
esid
ual A
mou
ntSt
orag
e C
apab
ility
Life
Sup
port/
EVA
Syst
ems
Con
sum
able
Qua
ntity
Con
sum
able
Typ
eW
aste
Pro
duct
s/Tr
ash
Stor
age
Cap
abilit
ySu
rface
Mob
ility
Vehi
cle
Size
Terr
ain
Mob
ility
Cap
abilit
ies
Pow
er R
equi
rem
ents
Fuel
Cel
l Rea
gent
Qua
ntity
Fuel
Cel
l Rea
gent
Typ
eSu
rface
Pow
erD
aylig
ht P
ower
Am
ount
Nig
httim
e Po
wer
Am
ount
Fuel
Cel
l Sto
rage
Cap
abilit
yN
ucle
ar R
eact
or P
lace
men
t/Shi
eldi
ngH
abita
tPl
acem
ent
Shie
ldin
g/Pr
otec
tion
Asse
mbl
y/In
flatio
n C
apab
ility
Req
uire
men
ts C
onne
ctiv
ity
Ger
ald.
B S
ande
rs/J
SC
, ger
ald.
b.sa
nder
s@na
sa.g
ovJu
ne 2
007
P
g. 1
8
Con
clus
ion:
ISR
U S
tron
gly
influ
ence
s A
rchi
tect
ure
& C
ritic
al T
echn
olog
ies
ISR
U is
a c
ritic
al c
apab
ility
and
key
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
VSE
–5
of to
p 40
Obj
ectiv
es id
entif
ied
for r
etur
ning
to th
e M
oon;
stro
ngly
tied
to 7
mor
e–
ISR
U is
an
inte
gral
par
t of a
ll si
x Th
emes
for r
etur
ning
to th
e M
oon
(Ext
end
Hum
an P
rese
nce,
E
xplo
ratio
n P
repa
ratio
n, S
cien
tific
Kno
wle
dge,
Glo
bal P
artn
ersh
ip, E
cono
mic
Exp
ansi
on, P
ublic
O
utre
ach)
ISR
U S
tron
gly
effe
cts
Out
post
logi
stic
s, d
esig
n an
d cr
ew s
afet
y–
Pot
entia
l to
redu
ce lo
gist
ics
cons
umab
les
for E
VA
/life
sup
port
of 1
000
to 4
000
kg/y
ear (
2000
to
8000
kg
w/ l
ogis
tics
carri
er m
ass)
; •
Sign
ifica
nt p
aylo
ad im
pact
if c
rew
ed L
SA
M d
own
mas
s ca
pabi
lity
is o
nly
~600
0 kg
.–
Avai
labi
lity
of li
quid
oxy
gen
from
ISR
U a
llow
s E
VA
sui
ts a
nd m
obile
/nig
ht ti
me
pow
er m
ore
volu
me
and
mas
s ef
ficie
nt (1
2% m
ass
savi
ngs
for p
ower
mod
ule)
–Av
aila
bilit
y of
ISR
U o
xyge
n/w
ater
pro
vide
s fu
nctio
nal r
edun
danc
yto
life
sup
port
syst
ems
–Ab
ility
to m
ove
rego
lith
coul
d in
crea
se c
rew
saf
ety
thro
ugh
incr
ease
d ra
diat
ion
shie
ldin
g, la
ndin
g ar
ea c
lear
ing,
and
exh
aust
plu
me
prot
ectio
n–
Abilit
y to
pro
duce
oxy
gen
(and
fuel
) for
pro
puls
ion
expa
nds
long
-term
sur
face
exp
lora
tion
and
payl
oad
deliv
ery/
retu
rn o
ptio
ns
ISR
U S
tron
gly
effe
cts
Out
post
crit
ical
tech
nolo
gies
–LS
AM
asc
ent &
des
cent
pro
puls
ion
–C
O2
and
wat
er li
fe s
uppo
rt sy
stem
–
EV
A s
pace
sui
t por
tabl
e lif
e su
ppor
t sys
tem
–Su
rface
pow
er re
acta
nt s
tora
ge a
nd re
gene
ratio
n fo
r Out
post
and
mob
ile fu
el c
ells
ISR
U m
ass
inve
stm
ent i
s m
inim
al c
ompa
red
to im
med
iate
and
long
-term
ar
chite
ctur
e de
liver
y m
ass
and
reus
e ca
pabi
litie
s pr
ovid
ed
Inve
stm
ent i
n IS
RU
con
stitu
tes
a co
mm
itmen
t to
the
mid
and
long
term
futu
re o
f hu
man
exp
lora
tion