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In-situ capping of contaminated sediments

Remedial sediment capping projects, worldwide: A preliminary overview

SGI Publication 30-4E Linköping 2016

Joseph Jersak, Gunnel Göransson, Yvonne Ohlsson, Lennart Larsson, Peter Flyhammar, Per Lindh

SGI Publication 30-4E Cite as:

Jersak, J, Göransson, G, Ohlsson, Y, Larsson, L, Flyhammar, P & Lindh, P 2016. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Remedial sediment capping projects, worldwide: A preliminary overview. SGI Publication 30-4E, Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI, Linköping.

Diary number: 1.1-1506-0400

Project number: 15573

Order information: Swedish Geotechnical Institute Information Service SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden Phone: +46 13-20 18 04 E-mail: [email protected] Download this publication as a PDF-document at www.swedgeo.se Pictures on the cover: AquaBlok, Ltd. (left), B. Beylich, NIVA (middle), BioBlok Solutions AS (right).

In-situ capping of contaminated sediments

Remedial sediment capping projects, worldwide: A preliminary overview

Joseph Jersak

Gunnel Göransson

Yvonne Ohlsson

Lennart Larsson

Peter Flyhammar

Per Lindh

SGI Publication 30-4E Linköping 2016

SGI Publication 30-4E

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Table of contents

1. Introduction and approach .......................................................................... 7

2. Sediment capping, internationally .............................................................. 7 2.1 Isolation capping ............................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Thin-layer capping ........................................................................................................ 10

3. Norwegian capping projects ......................................................................11 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Isolation capping ........................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Thin-layer capping ........................................................................................................ 13

4. Swedish capping projects, plus dredging projects (for comparison) ....13 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 13 4.2 Swedish capping projects ............................................................................................. 13 4.3 Swedish removal (dredging) projects ........................................................................... 15 4.4 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 16

5. Capping projects in other scandinavian countries ..................................16

6. References...................................................................................................17

Appendix Draft Summary of Contaminated Sediment Capping Projects, Revised 2005


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The entire SGI Publication 30 set includes the following independent parts:

SGI Publication 30-1, Huvuddokument. In-situ övertäckning av förorenade sediment. Metodöver-

sikt. (In Swedish)

SGI Publication 30-1E, Main text. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Method overview.

SGI Publication 30-2E. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Contaminated sediments in

Sweden: A preliminary review.

SGI Publication 30-3E. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Established ex-situ and in-situ

sediment remediation technologies: A general overview.

SGI Publication 30-4E. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Remedial sediment capping

projects, worldwide: A preliminary overview.

SGI Publication 30-5E. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Capping Sweden’s contaminat-

ed fiberbank sediments: A unique challenge.

SGI Publication 30-6E. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. An extensive, up-to-date collec-

tion of relevant technical and other international references.

SGI Publication 30-7. In-situ övertäckning av förorenade sediment. Övergripande sammanfattning.

(In Swedish)

SGI Publication 30-7E. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Overall summary.

Fact sheet. In-situ capping of contaminated sediments. Method overview.

http://www.swedgeo.se/globalassets/publikationer/sgi-publikation/sgi-p30-1.pdf

http://www.swedgeo.se/globalassets/publikationer/sgi-publikation/sgi-p30-1e.pdf






http://www.swedgeo.se/globalassets/publikationer/sgi-publikation/sgi-p30-7.pdf


http://www.swedgeo.se/globalassets/publikationer/sgi-publikation/sgi-p30-fact-sheet.pdf


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1. Introduction and approach

Presented herein is a preliminary overview of: (a) remedial sediment capping projects completed,

initiated, or planned to-date, worldwide, (b) the types of capping-based remedies involved (isola-

tion, thin-layer, conventional, and/or active), and (c) where capping, including different types, has

been and is being conducted.

Since the capping overview document to which this publication is attached mainly targets a Swe-

dish audience, sediment capping projects completed to-date in Sweden are also presented, and dis-

cussed in relatively more detail. Information is also presented herein on sediment removal (dredg-

ing) projects in Sweden. Removal projects are presented to place nationwide capping efforts into

the larger context of nationwide sediment-remediation efforts in general.

Information presented herein was developed through preliminary reviews of readily available (and

mostly published) information. This overview is not intended to represent an exhaustive, complete,

and up-to-date summary of all remedial sediment capping projects completed, ongoing, and

planned, worldwide. Such was not a goal of the capping overview project. Regardless, this sum-

mary provides a general understanding what has been and is being done in regards to capping in

Sweden, Scandinavia, and worldwide.

Note, no details are provided herein for the non-Swedish capping projects listed, although a number

of references are provided. Nevertheless, it is important to clarify virtually all projects listed in-

volve capping of contaminated minerogenic (mineral-based) sediments. Global experience in cap-

ping fiberbank (cellulose-based) sediments is extremely limited, as discussed in SGI Publication

30-5E. To this author’s knowledge, the very few capping projects that have been completed to-date

worldwide for fiberbank (and/or fiber-rich) sediments have all been conducted in Sweden.

To underscore: This is only a preliminary overview of remedial sediment capping projects, world-

wide. There is considerable merit, for a number of reasons, in conducting a follow-up review of

such region- and country-specific projects that is more expansive, detailed, up-to-date and which

incorporates input from multiple informed parties.

2. Sediment capping, internationally

2.1 Isolation capping

2.1.1 Conventional isolation capping

A summary listing of sediment capping projects completed, initiated, or planned worldwide up to

2005 is provided in Appendix (provided by Prof. Danny D. Reible, Texas Tech University). Based

on this listing:

Worldwide, a total of 107 projects had been completed, initiated, or planned up to 2005.

The great majority of projects are isolation capping. Thin-layer capping projects include

item #s 10, 20, 26, 62, 73, 76, and 107.


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The great majority of projects are conventional isolation capping. Active isolation capping

projects include item #s 13, 28, 37, 63, and 77.

By far the most projects (~ 75%), occurred in the U.S. This is understandable since the

U.S. is where the practice of remedial sediment capping basically originated.

15 projects have occurred in Japan.

A total of 13 projects have occurred in other countries (including Norway, The Nether-

lands, Sweden, Germany, and Belgium, as well as Hong Kong).

The project listing provided in Appendix is clearly an extensive effort. However, it is not quite

complete. Furthermore, over the last 10 years or so, many more capping projects have been com-

pleted, initiated, or planned, worldwide. These additional projects also address a wide variety of

sediment contaminants (organics, metals, organometallics, and/or non-aqueous phase liquids

[NAPL]) which occur in an equally wide variety of aquatic environments.

Since 2005, and in the U.S. alone, a significant number of conventional isolation capping projects

(both field pilot- and full remedial-scale) have been completed, initiated, or planned. A partial list-

ing of post-2005 isolation capping projects (completed, under construction, or in design phase) is

provided below (Russell, 2015; ITRC, 2014; Ebrahimi, 2015; National Grid, 2013 and other

sources). Note, all but a couple of the projects listed are in the U.S., and many involve partial sedi-

ment removal prior to in-situ capping.

Confirmed conventional isolation capping projects:

Baie Comeau, QC (Canada)

LCP Chemicals Site, Brunswick, GA

Buffalo River, NY

Ironton Tar, OH

Tittabawassee River, MI – SMAs 4 and 5

San Jacinto River Waste Pits, TX – TCRA

Tittabawassee River, MI – Reaches B and D

Could be conventional isolation capping projects. Otherwise, active isolation capping

projects:

Money Point Phase III, Elizabeth River, VA

Esquimalt Graving Dock, BC (Canada) – Phases 1 and 2

Eddon Boatyard, WA

Hylebos Waterway (Commencement Bay), WA

St. Louis River/Interlake/Duluth Tar, MN

Campbell Shipyard, CA

2.1.2 Active isolation capping

As indicated above, many more conventional isolation capping projects have been completed, initi-

ated, or planned to-date, worldwide, than active isolation capping projects.


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Nevertheless, international interest in active isolation capping is growing. As a result, there has

been a rapid increase in the number of field pilot- or full remedial-scale active isolation-capping

projects (completed, initiated, or planned) over the last 10 to 15 years. The great majority of these

projects occur in the U.S. and many in Norway. A partial listing of such projects is provided below

(ITRC, 2014; Patmont et al., 2014; USEPA, 2013 and other sources).

Note, the projects listed below: (a) are all in the U.S., (b) are organized and listed by the type of

active material used, and (c) mostly (but not exclusively) involve the use of active-capping prod-

ucts or technologies for delivering active materials to submerged sediment surfaces. The prod-

ucts/technologies used often include AquaBlok® and related products, SediMite™, and RCM™s.

Carbon-based sorbents (mostly, but not exclusively, activated carbon [AC]):

Anacostia River, MD (project generally referenced in Appendix, item #73)

Cottonwood Bay, Grand Prairie, TX

Duwamish Slip 4, WA

Onondaga Lake, NY

Passaic River, Mile 10.9, NJ

Puget Sound shipyard, WA

Spokane River Upstream Dam PCB Site, WA

Stryker Bay, SLRIDT, MN

Organoclay:

Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp, NY


Former creosoting wood treating site, Escanaba, MI

Gasco, Portland, OR

Grand Calumet River, East Branch, IN

Pine Street Barge Canal Superfund Site, VT (project generally referenced in Appendix,

item #68)

Port of Portland, OR

Roxana Marsh, Grand Calumet River, IN

Salem Manufactured Gas Plant, MA

Clay minerals (mostly bentonite):


Chattanooga Creek, TN

Galaxy/Spectron Little Elk Creek, MD

Penobscot River, ME

Apatite (calcium phosphate minerals):




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Additional active isolation capping projects in the U.S. are listed below (Russell, 2015). The active

materials used in these projects typically include AC, organoclay or some unidentified source for

total organic carbon (TOC). For most (but not all) projects, active materials were placed through

water using active-capping products or technologies.

Fox River, WI (OU1 as well as OU 2 to OU 5)

Gloucester Harbor, MA

Housatonic River, MA (1½ Mile Reach)

Lower Rouge River, Old Channel, MI

River Raisin, MI

Silver Lake, MA

St. Lawrence River, Alcoa East Plant, NY

Upper Hudson River, NY

As noted in Section 2.1.1, additional active isolation capping projects could potentially be added to

the above lists.

2.2 Thin-layer capping

2.2.1 Conventional thin-layer capping (including EMNR)

Relatively inert (non-active) capping materials like sediment or sand have been used in a number of

conventional thin-layer capping projects. Such projects can generally be considered the same as

EMNR (enhanced monitored natural recovery) projects (see SGI Publication 30-3E).

According to Merritt et al., 2009 and 2010a, several U.S. projects designated as conventional thin-

layer or EMNR projects have been completed in the U.S. Target placed thicknesses for these pro-

jects ranged from 10 to 30 cm, with 15 cm most common. These projects include the following

(note, all three projects are referenced in Appendix and are listed in this section for clarification):

Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor, WA

Ketchikan Pulp Company, AK

Bremerton Naval Shipyard, WA

Merritt et al. further identify additional projects (all in the U.S. except one) they also consider

“thin-layer capping” projects, but where placed material thicknesses were greater, on the order of

15 to 45 cm. These projects include the following (note, all projects except Saguenay Fjord and

Duwamish Waterway are referenced in Appendix and are listed in this section for clarification):

Saguenay Fjord (Quebec, Canada)

Palos Verdes Shelf, CA

Anacostia River, MD (portions of project involved use of active materials)

Grasse River, NY (portions of project involved use of active materials)

Duwamish Waterway, WA

Magar et al., 2009 also identify a couple additional EMNR projects for which placed material

thicknesses were not indicated (Commencement Bay, WA and Lavaca Bay, TX).


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2.2.2 Active thin-layer capping (~ in-situ treatment)

A significant number of active thin-layer capping projects have been completed to-date, worldwide,

and interest in this remedial strategy is growing rapidly, especially over the last decade or so. Ac-

tive thin-layer capping is often considered the same as (or at least placed into the same remedial

category as) in-situ sediment treatment (see SGI Publication 30-3E).

Like trends in growth for both conventional and active isolation capping, the great majority of ac-

tive thin-layer capping projects completed or planned to-date occur in the U.S. and Norway. Also,

many of the projects involve the use of AC.

A partial listing of field pilot- or full remedial-scale thin-layer active capping (~ in-situ treatment)

projects is provided below (as referenced in ITRC, 2014; Patmont et al., 2014; Ghosh et al., 2011;

Cornelissen et al., 2011; USEPA, 2013 and other sources).

Note, the projects listed: (a) are all in the U.S., (b) all involve the use of carbon-based sorbents,

mostly AC, and (c) mainly (but not exclusively) involve the “Method-B” approach for active-

material delivery to submerged sediment surfaces (see SGI Publication 30-3E). Some projects in-

volve the “Method A” delivery approach. For many of the Method-B projects, products or technol-

ogies were used for active material delivery.

Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD (multiple sub-sites and projects)

Bailey Creek, VA

Berry’s Creek, NJ

Bremerton Naval Shipyard, WA (multiple projects)

Custom Plywood, WA

Grasse River, NY

Hunter’s Point, San Francisco Bay, CA

James River, VA

Little Creek, VA

Mirror Lake, DE

South River, VA

Tittabawassee River, MI

3. Norwegian capping projects

3.1 Introduction

Over the last decade or so, the regulatory infrastructure in Norway related to contaminated sedi-

ment characterization, risk assessment, and remediation (including published guidance in all these

areas) has developed extensively. This is reflected by an impressive, yet partial, listing of sediment-

related guidance documents prepared by SFT, Klif, and Miljø Directorate (see SGI Publication

30-6E).

All aspects of the contaminated sediment market in Norway have developed to a far higher level

than in any other Scandinavian country. In fact, the Norwegian market is likely the second largest


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in the world, behind the U.S. market. The Swedish consulting community appears to recognize this

(e.g. COWI, 2013).

Thus, it is not surprising a significant number of sediment capping projects (of different types) have

been completed, initiated, or planned to-date in Norway. For this reason, Norwegian capping pro-

jects deserve special mention herein.

3.2 Isolation capping

3.2.1 Conventional isolation capping

In the pre-2005 summary project listing (Appendix), only two conventional isolation-capping pro-

jects were listed for Norway: project # 87 (Eitrheim Bay) and project # 109 (Sørfjorden).

In fact, a significant number of sediment capping projects, including conventional isolation-

capping projects, have been completed (including prior to 2005), initiated, or planned to-date in

Norway. The projects involve conventional isolation capping of contaminated sediments either in-

situ or following removal-then-re-deposition. Most projects occur in harbor areas. A partial project

listing is provided below (per COWI, 2013; Eek et al., 2013; SFT, 2006; Laugesen, 2015 and other

sources).

Bergen Harbor (multiple projects)

Harstad Harbor

Kristiansand Harbor (multiple projects)

Mosjøen Harbor

Oslo Harbor (multiple projects)

Sandefjord Harbor

Sunken German Submarine (Ubåt U-864)

Tromsö Harbor

Trondheim Harbor (multiple projects)

3.2.2 Active isolation capping

A partial listing of field pilot- or full remedial-scale active isolation-capping projects completed to-

date in Norway is provided below (per Patmont et al., 2014; COWI, 2013 and other sources).

Note: (a) all involve the use of AC sorbents, (b) all involve the use of products, technologies, or

methods for delivering AC to submerged sediment surfaces, namely BioBlok® or OPTICAP, and

(c) some caps could be considered active “hybrids” (between isolation and thin-layer) in terms of

design and/or intended functioning.

Bergen Harbor (Kirkebukten)

Leirvik Sveis, shipyard

Naudodden, Farsund

Sandefjord Harbor

Trondheim Harbor


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3.3 Thin-layer capping

3.3.1 Conventional thin-layer capping (including EMNR)

Only one project has been completed to-date in Norway that can be considered conventional thin-

layer capping or EMNR. This project involved placement of a very thin sand cap (target 5 mm

thick), which was included as a control plot in a field pilot-scale evaluation of different active thin-

layer capping remedies in Trondheim Harbor (Cornelissen et al., 2011). The active thin-layer cap-

ping remedies evaluated involved use of AC, with or without including clay (bentonite).

3.3.2 Active thin-layer capping (~ in-situ treatment)

Three active thin-layer capping (~ in-situ treatment) projects have been completed to-date in Nor-

way. These include projects in Trondheim Harbor (see above) and in Grenlandsfjord, both in shal-

low and deepwater areas (per Patmont et al., 2014; ITRC, 2014; Cornelissen et al., 2011; USEPA,

2013; NGI and NIVA, 2012; Eek et al., 2010; Schaaning and Josefsson, 2011 and other sources).

All of these projects involved: (a) use of AC, and (b) use of the Method-B approach for AC deliv-

ery (see SGI Publication 30-3E) specifically using the OPTICAP method.

4. Swedish capping projects, plus dredging projects (for comparison)

4.1 Introduction

A complete and detailed review and summary of sediment remediation projects completed to-date

in Sweden would likely be very useful to numerous interested parties. However, such was not a

goal of this capping overview project. Regardless, a preliminary overview of Swedish sediment

remediation projects was necessary to place the capping overview into a more balanced national

context.

And since the capping overview project focuses on sediment capping, emphasis was logically

placed on obtaining and reviewing readily available information specifically related to completed

(and planned) sediment capping projects in Sweden.

4.2 Swedish capping projects

Based on results of a review of readily available (and published) information, a preliminary sum-

mary of sediment capping projects completed to-date in Sweden is provided in Table 1.


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Table 1 Preliminary summary of sediment capping projects completed to-date in Sweden.

Site or project name

Where When General descriptions of site, project, and cap de-sign

References

Va

nå

n,

i

Va

ns

bro

Da

larn

a

1991-92

- River sediments (presumably minerogenic) contami-nated by creosote (presumably NAPL). - Cap design: Basal geotextile overlain by ~ 30 cm sand. - Capped area, ~ 6,800 m

2.

Naturvårdsverket, 2003; von Post, 2005.

La

ke

Tu

rin

ing

en

1)

Sö

de

rma

nla

nd

1999 -2000

- Fiber-rich lake sediments near stream mouth con-taminated by Hg. - Cap design: Basal geotextile overlain by ~ 20 cm fine-grained sand (in some areas, ~ 20-40 cm of crushed rock for erosion protection, in addition to or instead of sand layer). - Capping area: approx. ~ 40,000 m

2.

Bergman, 2012; Nykvarns kommun, 2004; www.turingen.se.

2001-02

- Soft, fiber-rich sediments in deeper parts of lake also contaminated with Hg. - Cap design: several cm of an “artificial” (aluminum-based) sediment material, derived from a placed “gel” material. - Capping area, ~ 800,000 m

2.

- Note, this is considered conventional thin-layer cap-ping.

Naturvårdsverket, 2003; Petsonk and Bergman, 2006; www.turingen.se.

To

lla

re

Sto

ckh

olm

2008

- Fiber sediments in lake contaminated by Hg. - Cap design: Basal (and weighted) geotextile overlain by a layer of crushed stone for erosion protection. Thickness of crushed-stone layer unclear.

Valdemarsviks Kommun, 2013; Petsonk et al., 2008.

Lu

nd

by

ha

mn

en

, in

Gö

teb

org

ha

rbo

r

Vä

str

a G

öta

lan

d

Started 2009

- Harbor sediments (presumably minerogenic) con-taminated by TBT, and perhaps also other pollutants. - Involved capping of contaminated sediments that previously have been dredged but then re-deposited (somewhere else). . - Cap design: ~ 1 m sand.

Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland, 2006; Göteborgs Stads Nyhetstid-ning, 2015.

Sa

nn

e-

gå

rds

ham

-

ne

n,

i G

öta

Älv

Vä

str

a G

öta

-

lan

d

? - Appears to be similar to Lundbyhamnen. Göteborgs Stads Nyhetstidning, 2015.

Fotnot: 1) Both Lake Turingen projects are referenced in Appendix and are included in table for clarification.

As shown in Table 1, only a limited number of sediment capping projects have been completed or

initiated to-date in Sweden. All but one are considered conventional isolation capping. The gel-cap

project completed in Lake Turingen is considered to be conventional thin-layer capping, since there

appears to be no active (e.g. sorptive) characteristics attributed to the artificial sediment (Bergman,

2012).

Interestingly, despite the small number of projects, they collectively represent a surprisingly broad

range of aquatic environments, sediment types, contaminant types, capping strategies, capping ma-

terials, and cap designs.

http://www.turingen.se/

http://www.turingen.se/


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In addition, at least a couple other Swedish capping projects are understood to currently be in the

serious-consideration or planning stages:

Lillesjön (Jönköping): As-contaminated minerogenic sediments (Golder, 2014).

Södra hamnen (Skåne): PCB- and TBT-contaminated minerogenic sediments (Anchor

QEA, 2015).

4.3 Swedish removal (dredging) projects

Although the focus herein is on capping, a limited preliminary review was also conducted of readi-

ly available information on sediment removal (mainly dredging) projects in Sweden. This was done

for purposes of general comparison, and to place nationwide capping efforts into the larger context

of nationwide sediment remediation efforts in general.

A listing of the relatively larger and more well-known remedial sediment dredging projects com-

pleted (including ongoing or planned) to-date in Sweden is provided below. Information comes

from a number of readily available, published sources (Elander, 2012, 2013; Naturvårdsverket,

2003; Ekman, 2004; Göteborgs Stads Nyhetstidning, 2015):

Järnsjön (PCBs; utsläpp från ett returpappersbruk)

Örserumsviken (PCBs; PAHs; utsläpp från ett returpappersbruk)

Svartsjöarna (Hg; utsläpp från ett pappersbruk)

Skutskärs hamn (Hg; utsläpp från massaindustri, ingår i en hamnutbyggnad)

Valdemarsviken, ongoing (Cr and Hg; utsläpp från ett garveri)

Oskarshamn hamn, ongoing (metaller och dioxiner; utsläpp från kopparverk och batterifa-

brik)

Ala Lombolo, Kiruna (Hg; utsläpp från laboratorium)

Vanån, i Vansbro (Creosote-contaminated sediments)

Lundbyhamnen, i Göteborg harbor (sediments contaminated by TBT, and perhaps also

other pollutants).

The Mälarprojektet, which is a navigational dredging project, but also references the pres-

ence and possible spreading of sediments contaminated by Hg; PAHs and/or TBT

(Sjöfartsverket, 2013).

Project in Gävle Harbor.

In addition to the projects listed above, references are also made in county-specific regional pro-

gram summaries (see SGI Publication 30-2E) to other, perhaps smaller-scale sediment dredging

projects (completed, ongoing, or planned). Many of these additional projects appear to involve

sediment removal for remedial rather than navigational purposes, at least in part. Such dredging-

related references are made for specific sites or areas in the following counties: Blekinge, Halland,

Uppsala, and Östergötland.


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4.4 Summary

It appears more remedial removal (dredging) projects have been completed (or initiated or planned)

to-date in Sweden than capping projects. If this is accurate, a logical question is why.

One answer could be related to actual or predicted costs associated with Swedish experiences in

implementing capping versus dredging remedies. Three of the five isolation-capping projects com-

pleted so far in Sweden incorporated the use of geotextiles (Table 1). Incorporating a geotextile in

cap design increases total capping costs, often significantly. This may be giving consultants and

others in Sweden the general impression capping is a relatively expensive sediment remediation

technology, and perhaps one that is not economically competitive with removal technologies. If

this is the perception, it is contrary to the much more widely held view that capping remedies are

typically less expensive than dredging remedies (see SGI Publication 30-3E).

There could also be additional reasons for why dredging remedies seem to be more commonly con-

sidered and used in Sweden than capping remedies. These additional reasons are also based on

perceptions, which may include:

Removal (by dredging or excavation), although costly, is really the only viable, proven-

effective solution for remediating contaminated sediments.

In general, in-situ technologies for contaminated sediment remediation are too new and/or

not yet proven-effective.

In-situ capping is simply “covering up the problem”.

Soft sediments cannot be successfully capped, or cannot be capped cost-effectively (with-

out the use of a supporting basal geotextile, for example).

There really isn’t any good sediment-remediation technologies available at all (dredging

too expensive, and in-situ methods, including capping, are unproven). And because of this,

most available resources instead go to soil or groundwater cleanup projects – where respec-

tive remediation technologies are, in contrast, perhaps considered more well-proven and

relatively more cost-effective.

5. Capping projects in other Scandinavian countries

In addition to Norway and Sweden, contaminated sediments also occur in other Nordic countries as

well, including in Denmark and Finland.

As noted by Spadaro (2011), capping – along with other in-situ and ex-situ sediment remediation

technologies – is listed as being employed in Denmark and Finland. Thus, there is probably little

doubt at least a few sediment capping projects, including conventional isolation capping, have been

completed, initiated, and/or planned to-date in both Denmark and Finland.


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An in-depth review of available information on capping projects in these other two Scandinavian

countries was beyond the scope of this project. Nevertheless, it is known at least a couple capping

projects have been conducted in these countries to-date:

In Denmark: A pilot-scale conventional isolation-capping project was conducted (some-

time) in the Port of Copenhagen (Rønberg et al., no date).

In Finland: During 1998/99, a creosote-impacted, 0.5-ha area of sediment in Lake

Jämsänvsi was covered by a (presumably basal) polypropylene filter geotextile overlain by

1 to 1.5 m of gravel and sand (Hyötyläinen and Oikari, 2003).

6. References

For all references cited herein, please see Publication 30-6E.


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Appendix

Draft Summary of Contaminated Sediment Capping Projects, Revised 2005

The following summary table was provided (in pdf format)

by Prof. Danny D. Reible, Texas Tech University.

Dra

ft S

umm

ary

of C

onta

min

ated

Sed

imen

t Cap

ping

Pro

ject

s R

evis

ed 2

005

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Che

mic

als o

f C

once

rn

Site

C

ondi

tions

D

esig

n T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a D

ate

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

Puge

t Sou

nd/W

ashi

ngto

n 1

Duw

amis

h W

ater

way

Se

attle

, Was

hing

ton

(CA

D)

Hea

vy m

etal

s, PC

Bs

Exis

ting

6-ft.

de

ep

suba

queo

us

depr

essi

on;

Wat

erw

ay

dept

h 70

ft.

3 ft.

des

ign

targ

et;

2 ft.

act

ual

aver

age

afte

r co

nsol

idat

ion

(21)

Sand

(4

,000

cy)

1.

3 ac

res

estim

ated

(a)

0.7

acre

or

igin

al c

ap

size

(21)

1984

•

Func

tiona

lly n

o er

osio

n (a

sm

all a

mou

nt o

f cap

ero

ded

from

one

side

to a

noth

er, b

ut

was

then

cov

ered

by

natu

ral

sedi

men

tatio

n) (2

1)

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

obse

rved

in se

cond

and

third

co

ring

oper

atio

ns (2

1)

• C

once

ntra

tions

of h

eavy

m

etal

s and

PC

Bs w

ere

at le

ast

an o

rder

of m

agni

tude

low

er

in th

e sa

nd c

ap th

an in

co

ntam

inat

ed m

ater

ial b

elow

(2

2)

• Th

e 18

-mon

th a

nd 5

-yr

sedi

men

t che

mis

try sa

nd-c

ap

conc

entra

tions

mat

ched

al

mos

t exa

ctly

(22)

•

Inte

rfac

e be

twee

n co

ntam

inat

ed a

nd c

ap

sedi

men

ts w

as sh

arp

and

rela

tivel

y un

mix

ed (2

2)

• Fi

rst c

appi

ng p

roje

ct (a

“le

arni

ng

expe

rienc

e”) i

n EP

A R

egio

n 10

•

Led

by th

e U

SAC

E w

ith li

mite

d in

volv

emen

t fro

m E

PA (2

1)

• K

ey le

sson

s lea

rned

: rel

atio

nshi

p be

twee

n co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ent

fill v

olum

es, C

AD

cel

l siz

e, a

nd

rate

of C

AD

filli

ng (2

1)

• Sp

lit-h

ull d

ump

barg

e pl

aced

sand

ov

er re

loca

ted

sedi

men

ts i

n C

AD

ce

ll (A

) •

Max

imum

sust

aine

d bo

ttom

cu

rren

ts:

0.2

ft/se

c (o

ccas

iona

l re

adin

gs in

the

uppe

r wat

er

colu

mn

appr

oach

ing

1.0

ft/se

c)

(23)

- D

eter

min

ed to

be

a su

cces

s with

ca

ppin

g on

ly in

the

Wes

t Wat

erw

ay.

- Las

t mon

itore

d in

200

0 or

200

1 (2

1).

A, E

, F, 2

1,

22, 2

3

2 O

ne T

ree

Isla

nd

Oly

mpi

a, W

ashi

ngto

n (C

AD

)

Hea

vy m

etal

s, PA

Hs

Mar

ina;

14.

8 ft.

dee

p 4

ft. (i

n or

der

to o

btai

n a

cons

olid

ated

ca

p of

3 ft

.) (2

1)

Sand

C

lean

se

dim

ent (

E)

0.5

acre

s

1987

•

App

lied

less

on fr

om

Duw

amis

h: a

llow

co

ntam

inat

ed m

ater

ial t

o co

nsol

idat

e on

bar

ge a

nd th

en

to se

ttle

in C

AD

cel

l (1

- 2

wee

ks) (

21)

• Li

ttle

prop

scou

r; re

crea

tiona

l di

vers

said

that

cap

app

eare

d to

be

inta

ct (2

1)

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

(A)

• N

o er

osio

n of

cap

(A)

• Fi

rst p

erm

itted

CA

D p

roje

ct (2

1)

• M

aint

enan

ce d

redg

ing

of a

m

arin

a; to

p 2-

3 ft.

of

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts w

ere

dred

ged

and

plac

ed in

“ov

erbu

ilt”

(or “

very

dee

p”) C

AD

cel

l in

mar

ina

(21)

•

No

ongo

ing

mon

itorin

g re

quire

d (2

1)

• La

st m

onito

ring

occu

rred

in 1

989

and

show

ed th

at se

dim

ent

cont

amin

ants

wer

e co

ntai

ned

(A)

- Stil

l a w

orki

ng m

arin

a,

cons

ider

ed a

succ

ess,

and

still

no

mon

itori

ng si

nce

1989

(21)

.

A, C

, E, 2

1

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

1

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

3 St

. Pau

l Wat

erw

ay

(Sim

pson

Tac

oma

Kra

ft Su

perf

und

Site

) Ta

com

a, W

ashi

ngto

n (I

SC a

nd h

abita

t re

stor

atio

n)

Phen

ols,

PAH

s, di

oxin

s, fu

rans

Shal

low

, nea

r sh

ore

sedi

men

ts,

11.5

ft. d

eep

Dep

th n

ow is

-2

0 ft.

M

LLW

at

extre

me

(21)

2-12

ft.

4.9-

19.7

ft.

actu

al (B

, E)

3.9

ft. d

esig

n (E

) 3

- 13

or 1

4 ft.

(3

6)

Coa

rse

sand

fr

om P

uyal

lup

Riv

er

17 a

cres

(1

1 ac

res o

f m

arin

e se

dim

ents

ca

pped

; 6

acre

s of n

ew

inte

rtida

l ha

bita

t bui

lt al

ong

shor

elin

e)

(32)

1988

•

Inte

nsiv

e m

onito

ring

cond

ucte

d an

nual

ly fo

r 10

year

s (36

) •

Mon

itorin

g re

cent

ly sc

aled

ba

ck; c

ap w

ill b

e ch

ecke

d ev

ery

othe

r yea

r to

ensu

re th

at

it is

still

in p

lace

and

that

the

elev

atio

n ha

s not

cha

nged

su

bsta

ntia

lly; c

ap w

ill b

e ch

ecke

d af

ter a

ny m

ajor

stor

m

or e

arth

quak

e (3

6)

• Ev

eryt

hing

is w

orki

ng fi

ne;

no c

hem

ical

mig

ratio

n; c

ap

still

with

in sp

ecifi

catio

ns

(A,2

1,36

) •

PRP

won

env

ironm

enta

l aw

ard

for h

abita

t cre

atio

n (2

1)

• >

10 y

ears

of c

hem

ical

and

bi

olog

ical

mon

itorin

g sh

ow

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts h

ave

rem

aine

d co

nfin

ed a

nd

isol

ated

ben

eath

cap

and

cap

is

pro

vidi

ng g

ood

habi

tat f

or

estu

arin

e bi

ota

(32)

•

St. P

aul W

ater

way

was

de

liste

d fr

om th

e N

PL o

n 10

/29/

96 (3

2)

• Fi

rst d

esig

ned

and

perm

itted

ca

ppin

g pr

ojec

t und

er S

uper

fund

re

gula

tory

pro

cess

(21)

•

Som

e re

dist

ribut

ion

of c

ap

mat

eria

ls o

ccur

red,

but

ove

rall

desi

gn le

vel m

et (3

6)

• C

.cal

iforn

ieus

(typ

ical

dee

p bu

rrow

ers t

hat c

an c

ause

bi

otur

batio

n) fo

und

in se

dim

ents

, bu

t nev

er a

t dep

ths >

1 m

(3.3

ft.)

(A);

biot

urba

tion

wou

ld h

ave

been

lim

ited

(21)

- A

stor

m c

ause

d so

me

eros

ion

in

appr

oxim

atel

y 20

02 a

nd th

e ca

p w

as re

pair

ed.

This

mai

nten

ance

w

as m

ore

for h

abita

t res

tora

tion

than

cap

eff

ectiv

enes

s. V

isua

l m

onito

ring

occ

urs e

very

yea

r. E

PA

pref

ers i

nvas

ive

mon

itori

ng e

very

10

-20

year

s. Th

e ca

p ap

pear

s to

be

hold

ing

up w

ell (

21).

- Rec

ently

com

plet

ed 1

5 ye

ars o

f m

onito

ring

and

clo

sed

the

mon

itori

ng e

xcep

t for

ear

thqu

ake

mon

itori

ng.

Con

stru

ctio

n co

st

estim

ate

of $

5 m

illio

n (1

0)

A, B

, C, E

, 21

, 32,

36

10

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

2

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

4 Pi

er 5

1 Fe

rry T

erm

inal

El

liott

Bay

Se

attle

, Was

hing

ton

(ISC

)

Mer

cury

, he

avy

met

als,

PAH

s, PC

Bs,

PCD

F

Doc

ks a

t 20-

25 ft

. 60

to 1

00 ft

. (a

t app

rox.

15

0 ft.

from

sh

ore)

Doc

ks: 4

ft.

desi

gn (t

o ac

hiev

e 3

ft.

cons

oli-

datio

n) (a

t w

ater

dep

ths

of a

ppro

x. 3

5 ft.

R

est o

f Site

: 1.

5 - 2

ft.

desi

gn (t

o ac

hiev

e 1

ft.

cons

olid

ated

)

Coa

rse

sand

4 ac

res (

2 ac

res w

ith

thic

k ca

p; 2

ac

res w

ith

thin

ner c

ap)

1989

•

No

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n (A

) •

Cap

with

in sp

ecifi

catio

ns (A

) •

Rec

olon

izat

ion

obse

rved

(A)

• A

s rec

ent a

s 199

4, c

ap

thic

knes

s rem

aine

d w

ithin

de

sign

spec

ifica

tions

(A)

• W

hile

ben

thic

infa

una

have

re

colo

nize

d th

e ca

p, th

ere

is

no in

dica

tion

of c

ap b

reac

h du

e to

bio

turb

atio

n (A

) •

For 1

or 2

yea

rs, t

he th

inne

r ca

p w

as n

ot a

s cle

an a

s the

or

igin

al c

ap, p

ossi

bly

due

to

mix

ing;

the

thic

ker c

ap

rem

aine

d cl

ean

(21)

•

No

ongo

ing

mon

itorin

g re

quire

d (2

1)

• C

aps w

orke

d ve

ry w

ell (

21)

• Pr

ojec

t was

prim

arily

an

expe

rimen

t to

see

if fe

rrie

s wou

ld

blow

the

cap

away

(hen

ce th

icke

r ca

p em

ploy

ed a

t the

ferr

y ar

ea)

(21)

•

Dur

ing

reco

nstru

ctio

n of

ferr

y te

rmin

al, a

pili

ng w

as p

ulle

d up

, re

cont

amin

atin

g th

e ca

p w

ith

creo

sote

- ca

p w

as re

paire

d (2

1)

• C

ap w

as re

cont

amin

ated

in to

p ~2

cm w

ith m

etal

s; fa

te a

nd

trans

port

stud

y de

mon

stra

ted

that

fe

rry

term

inal

was

at n

exus

of t

wo

gyre

s (fr

om n

orth

and

sout

h); t

his

know

ledg

e pa

rtial

ly d

icta

ted

subs

eque

nt c

lean

up e

ffor

ts (2

1)

- Fer

ry te

rmin

al c

ompl

eted

som

e dr

edgi

ng a

nd th

in c

appi

ng a

s a c

ap

exte

nsio

n. M

inor

vis

ual m

onito

ring

us

ing

dive

rs si

nce

2002

(21)

.

A, E

, 21

5 D

enny

Way

CSO

El

liott

Bay

Se

attle

, Was

hing

ton

(ISC

)

Hea

vy m

etal

s, PA

Hs,

PCB

s W

ater

dep

th

18-5

0 ft.

2-

3 ft.

Sa

nd

Sand

y se

dim

ent f

rom

D

uwam

ish

Wat

erw

ay

3 ac

res

1990

•

1994

cor

es sh

owed

re

cont

amin

atio

n in

cap

su

rfac

e, b

ut n

o m

igra

tion

of

chem

ical

s thr

ough

cap

(A)

• R

econ

tam

inat

ion

likel

y fr

om

CSO

(21)

• C

SO o

nce

disc

harg

ed p

rimar

y se

wag

e; n

ow d

isch

arge

s sto

rm

wat

er a

nd w

aste

wat

er fr

om so

me

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t pla

nts (

21)

• A

n or

igin

al p

roje

ct g

oal w

as to

st

udy

rate

of r

econ

tam

inat

ion

at

cap

surf

ace

usin

g a

mas

s bal

ance

ap

proa

ch; f

ound

not

to b

e po

ssib

le

(21)

- T

he C

SO w

as c

lean

ed o

ut a

nd th

e ra

te o

f re-

cont

amin

atio

n ap

pear

s to

have

slow

ed to

a st

op. M

onito

ring

co

ntin

ues r

egul

arly

but

not

an

nual

ly (2

1).

A, B

, C, E

, 21

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

3

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

6 Pi

ers 5

3-55

CSO

Se

attle

, Was

hing

ton

(ISC

)

Hea

vy m

etal

s, PA

Hs,

PCB

s Si

mila

r to

thos

e at

Pie

r 51

(21)

1.3-

2.6

ft. (A

) Si

mila

r to

thos

e at

Pie

r 51

(21)

Sand

M

ater

ial f

rom

D

uwam

ish

Wat

erw

ay (E

)

4.5

acre

s 19

92

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

• C

ap st

able

, and

incr

ease

d by

15

cm

(6 in

.) of

new

de

posi

tion

• G

yre

caus

ed se

dim

ents

to

erod

e fr

om c

ap, b

ut re

mai

ning

ca

p se

emed

stab

le (a

lthou

gh

mat

eria

ls w

ere

spre

ad a

roun

d a

lot)

(21)

•

Acc

retio

n zo

ne (2

1)

• D

iffic

ult t

o di

scer

n vo

lum

es

from

con

solid

atio

n vs

. er

osio

n (2

1)

• In

faun

al c

omm

uniti

es

retu

rned

cha

nged

; muc

h m

ore

shad

ing

afte

r cap

pla

cem

ent

(21)

- E

rosi

on c

ause

d by

out

side

in

fluen

ces s

uch

as c

urre

nts i

n E

lliot

Bay

had

gre

ater

eff

ects

th

an th

e ca

p w

as d

esig

ned

to

tole

rate

(21)

. - P

CB

s wer

e de

tect

ed, b

ut th

ey

may

hav

e co

me

from

the

Duw

amis

h R

iver

(21)

. - S

ever

al re

port

s rec

ently

co

mpl

eted

in M

ay 2

004

addr

essi

ng e

nfor

cem

ent

actio

ns a

nd st

anda

rds (

21).

• M

ater

ial s

pray

ed u

nder

exi

stin

g pi

ers t

o fo

rm c

ap (2

1)

• Pr

e-ca

p in

faun

al c

omm

uniti

es

wer

e de

stro

yed

in th

e ra

pid

buria

l as

soci

ated

with

cap

con

stru

ctio

n (A

) •

Con

stitu

ents

from

adj

acen

t se

dim

ent s

ite h

ave

been

dep

osite

d in

cap

surf

ace

(E)

• Th

e am

ount

of s

edim

ent

accu

mul

atio

n w

as n

ot a

ntic

ipat

ed;

the

ferr

y te

rmin

al c

reat

es a

qu

iesc

ent a

rea,

cau

sing

sedi

men

t dr

opou

t (21

) - T

his c

ap c

ould

be

judg

ed a

failu

re

by p

revi

ous s

tand

ards

, but

may

be

cons

ider

ed sa

tisfa

ctor

y by

new

st

anda

rds (

21).

- The

cap

ping

did

not

func

tion

as

plan

ned,

but

ther

e ar

e be

nefit

s re

late

d to

the

habi

tat e

nhan

cem

ent

port

ion

(21)

.

A, E

, 21

7 Pi

er 6

4 Se

attle

, Was

hing

ton

(ISC

)

Hea

vy m

etal

s, PA

Hs,

phth

alat

es,

dibe

nzof

uran

Wat

er d

epth

20

-59

ft.

0.5-

1.5

ft.

Sand

32

.1 a

cres

(E)

4 ac

res (

NN

)

1994

•

Som

e lo

ss o

f cap

thic

knes

s in

wes

tern

por

tion;

reas

ons

uncl

ear (

eros

ion

or

cons

olid

atio

n/se

ttlin

g)

• R

educ

tion

in su

rfac

e ch

emic

al

conc

entra

tions

not

ed

• Po

st c

appi

ng w

ater

col

umn

mon

itorin

g sh

owed

co

ncen

tratio

ns o

f met

als a

nd

orga

nics

to b

e be

low

pre

-ca

ppin

g co

ncen

tratio

ns (N

N)

• Th

in-la

yer c

appi

ng u

sed

to

enha

nce

natu

ral r

ecov

ery

and

re

duce

resu

spen

sion

of

cont

amin

ants

dur

ing

pile

driv

ing

(A)

• A

pie

r exp

ansi

on p

roje

ct; o

ld

creo

sote

-cov

ered

woo

d pi

lings

re

plac

ed w

ith c

oncr

ete

pilin

gs,

whi

ch a

re fu

rther

spac

ed, a

llow

ing

mor

e lig

ht a

nd m

ore

habi

tat

(alth

ough

still

hav

e is

sues

with

sh

adin

g) (2

1)

• C

appi

ng p

lace

d un

der a

nd in

fron

t of

pili

ngs (

21)

- 5 y

ears

of m

onito

ring

show

ed th

at

the

cap

is d

oing

wel

l (21

)

A, E

, NN

, 21

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

4

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

8 G

P Lo

g Po

nd

Wha

tcom

Wat

erw

ay

Bel

lingh

am, W

ashi

ngto

n (I

SC a

nd b

enef

icia

l ha

bita

t cre

atio

n)

Mer

cury

, ph

enol

s C

onve

rsio

n of

de

ep su

btid

al,

shal

low

su

btid

al

mud

flat/d

ebris

an

d lo

w

inte

rtida

l rip

rap

; -5

ft M

LLW

(31)

Phas

e 1:

0.

5 to

3 f

t. Ph

ase

2:

0 - 6

ft.

Tota

l: 0.

5-10

ft.

(31)

Phas

e 1:

C

oars

er sa

nd

dred

ged

mat

eria

l Ph

ase

2:

Fine

r-gr

aine

d na

viga

tiona

l dr

edge

m

ater

ial

(31)

5.6

acre

s (31

) N

ov. 2

000

to

Feb.

200

1 (3

1)

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

at 3

m

onth

s (A

) •

Cap

succ

essf

ully

pla

ced

(A,

31)

- Mon

itori

ng is

show

ing

that

th

e ca

p is

ver

y su

cces

sful

(63)

- I

n 20

02, a

dditi

onal

ba

thym

etry

was

com

plet

ed

show

ing

no p

robl

ems (

64)

- 200

2 co

re a

nd c

hem

ical

dat

a sh

ow th

at m

ercu

ry re

mai

ns in

th

e ca

p an

d th

ere

are

no

failu

res (

64)

• In

terim

Rem

edia

l Act

ion

unde

r au

thor

ity o

f Sta

te M

odel

Tox

ics

Con

trol A

ct

• C

ap su

rfac

e co

nstru

cted

usi

ng

subs

trate

s and

ele

vatio

ns to

cre

ate

bene

ficia

l use

hab

itat

• Fu

ll se

dim

ent r

emov

al w

as n

ot

prac

tical

bec

ause

: (1

) dre

dgin

g w

ith h

igh

amou

nts o

f deb

ris

wou

ld c

ause

sign

ifica

nt im

pact

s to

the

wat

er c

olum

n, (2

) dre

dgin

g co

uld

have

com

prom

ised

inte

grity

of

con

tain

men

t stru

ctur

es

(nea

rsho

re fi

ll) fo

r oth

er

haza

rdou

s sub

stan

ces,

and

(3)

exis

ting

dock

s, do

lphi

ns, a

nd

shor

elin

e st

ruct

ure

pres

ent w

ithin

or

adj

acen

t to

the

Log

Pond

wou

ld

likel

y ha

ve b

een

adve

rsel

y im

pact

ed b

y a

full

rem

oval

act

ion

(31)

A, M

, 21,

31

63

, 64

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

5

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

9 Ea

st E

agle

H

arbo

r/Wyc

koff

Bai

nbrid

ge Is

land

, W

ashi

ngto

n

(ISC

and

inte

rtida

l hab

itat

crea

tion)

PAH

s (36

) Ph

ase

I: co

ntam

inat

ed

subt

idal

ha

rbor

se

dim

ents

ca

pped

Ph

ase

II:

cont

amin

ated

ne

arsh

ore

sedi

men

ts

capp

ed

Wat

er d

epth

s 0-

45 ft

. (36

)

Phas

e I:

3 ft

. (3

6)

Phas

e II

: 3 ft

. (3

6)

Phas

e I:

Cle

an

river

sedi

men

t (2

75,0

00 c

y)

Phas

e II

: U

plan

d fil

l (c

lean

sand

) (1

20,0

00 c

y)

(28)

Ph

ase

III:

up

land

fill

(80,

000

cy)

(36)

Phas

e I:

54.

4 ac

res (

E)

Phas

e II

: 15

ac

res (

36)

Phas

e II

I cap

on

Pha

se II

ar

ea (s

light

ly

smal

ler

foot

prin

t) (3

6)

Phas

e I:

19

93-1

994

Ph

ase

II:

2000

-200

1

Phas

e II

I: 20

01-2

002

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

• C

ap e

rosi

on m

easu

red

with

in

first

yea

r of m

onito

ring

in

area

nea

r hea

vily

use

d W

ashi

ngto

n fe

rry

dock

•

Afte

r Pha

se I

cap

plac

emen

t, po

ols o

f cre

osot

e w

ere

obse

rved

at c

ap e

dges

; poo

ls

likel

y m

igra

ted

from

Pha

se

II/II

I are

a, w

hich

was

not

co

ntai

ned

at t

he ti

me;

div

ers

extra

cted

the

pool

s reg

ular

ly

(36)

•

Ong

oing

mon

itorin

g pl

anne

d fo

r ano

ther

10

year

s; th

en,

mor

e m

onito

ring

likel

y (3

6)

• O

ngoi

ng re

leas

es fr

om fe

rry

park

ing

lot a

nd o

ther

upl

and

sour

ces (

36)

• C

ap is

wor

king

ver

y w

ell;

mon

itorin

g sh

ows t

hat c

ap is

st

ayin

g in

pla

ce a

nd is

pr

even

ting

chem

ical

m

igra

tion;

the

agen

cy is

ver

y ha

ppy

with

the

cap

(36)

•

NO

AA

stud

y do

cum

ente

d ra

pid

and

subs

tant

ial i

ncre

ase

in q

ualit

y of

hab

itat (

36)

• Ph

ase

I obj

ectiv

e: re

duce

im

med

iate

risk

(28)

•

Add

ition

al re

med

iatio

n de

laye

d un

til u

plan

d so

urce

con

trol

achi

eved

(the

fall

2000

inst

alla

tion

of sh

eet p

ile w

all)

(28)

•

Phas

e II

obj

ectiv

e: e

xten

d ca

p fr

om 1

994

cap'

s app

rox.

2-f

t. th

ickn

ess c

onto

ur (a

bout

900

ft.

offs

hore

) to

north

ern

shor

elin

e of

W

ycko

ff fa

cilit

y (a

nd to

co

ordi

nate

with

con

stru

ctio

n of

ne

w in

terti

dal h

abita

t are

a on

w

este

rn p

ortio

n of

site

) (28

) •

Phas

e II

I obj

ectiv

e: p

lace

80,

000

cy c

lean

sedi

men

t to

build

an

inte

rtida

l are

a co

nnec

ting

Phas

e II

ar

ea to

nor

th sh

oal (

28) a

nd to

add

m

ore

conf

inem

ent m

ater

ial t

o th

e ca

p (3

6)

• Ph

ase

III m

ater

ial p

lace

d in

mid

-Fe

brua

ry 2

002

(36)

•

Ther

e is

now

a h

uge

area

that

pr

ovid

es in

terti

dal h

abita

t for

en

dang

ered

spec

ies (

36)

- com

plet

ed a

nd w

orks

ver

y w

ell

incl

udin

g th

e ha

bita

t (21

) - e

nhan

ced

natu

ral r

ecov

ery

of 6

.7

acre

s, an

d m

onito

red

natu

ral

reco

very

of 3

.5 a

cres

. Con

stru

ctio

n co

st e

stim

ate

is >

$1.2

mill

ion

(10)

A, B

, D, E

, 28

, 36,

21

, 10

10

Wes

t Eag

le

Har

bor/W

ycko

ff B

ainb

ridge

Isla

nd,

Was

hing

ton

(ISC

)

Mer

cury

, PA

Hs

Wat

er d

epth

0-

45 ft

. Th

in c

ap (0

.5

ft.) o

ver 6

ac

res

Thic

k ca

p (3

ft.

) ove

r 0.6

ac

res

Qua

rry

sand

(2

2,60

0 to

ns

for t

hin

cap

and

7,40

0 to

ns fo

r thi

ck

cap)

6.6

acre

s Pa

rtial

dre

dge

and

cap

1997

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

• Po

st-im

plem

enta

tion

surv

eys

iden

tifie

d 16

dis

cret

e ca

p ar

eas l

acki

ng in

min

imum

th

ickn

ess,

so a

noth

er 1

,000

cy

adde

d (N

N) (

EPA

will

che

ck

this

stat

emen

t)

• To

dat

e, p

ost-v

erifi

catio

n su

rfac

e se

dim

ent s

ampl

es h

ave

met

the

clea

nup

crite

ria e

stab

lishe

d fo

r the

pr

ojec

t •

Ong

oing

mon

itorin

g •

Cap

has

ach

ieve

d its

inte

nded

fu

nctio

n an

d is

doi

ng w

ell (

36)

- Cap

con

tinue

s to

do w

ell a

nd

ther

e is

a g

ood

habi

tat

reco

nstr

uctio

n (2

1)

A, N

N, 3

6 21

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

6

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

11

Mid

dle

Wat

erw

ay

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay

Nea

rsho

re/T

idef

lats

Su

perf

und

Site

(C

B/N

T SS

) Ta

com

a, W

ashi

ngto

n

Mer

cury

, PA

Hs,

PCB

s (2

1)

Orig

inal

sh

orel

ine

and

mud

flats

; co

mpl

etel

y in

terti

dal;

high

tide

de

pths

: abo

ut

13-1

5 ft.

w

here

cap

ped

(21)

2-3

ft.

(rel

ated

to

habi

tat

desi

gn) (

21)

To b

e de

term

ined

(4

8)

3.95

acr

es o

f th

in la

yer c

ap

and

0.24

acr

es

with

3 ft

. cap

(p

er d

raft

8/01

do

cum

ent)

(30)

- c

appe

d ar

ea

or 2

.2 a

cres

, na

tura

l en

hanc

ed

reco

very

2.2

, m

onito

red

natu

ral

reco

very

3.1

(1

0)

Sche

dule

d fo

r ea

rly 2

003

C

ompl

eted

in

2004

(10)

•

Apr

il 19

97 C

onse

nt O

rder

•

The

proj

ect j

ust e

nter

ed th

e “R

emed

ial D

esig

n Ph

ase”

, a

sign

ifica

nt p

ortio

n of

whi

ch w

ill

invo

lve

capp

ing

(21)

•

A fe

w p

ortio

ns w

ill b

e dr

edge

d be

caus

e of

nav

igat

ion

requ

irem

ents

(21)

•

Rem

edy

incl

udes

dre

dgin

g w

ith

near

-sho

re-c

onfin

ed d

ispo

sal,

mon

itore

d na

tura

l rec

over

y, th

in-

laye

r cap

ping

and

thic

k ca

ppin

g (3

0)

- It b

ecam

e a

chec

kerb

oard

of t

hin

capp

ing

(1 fo

ot) a

nd th

icke

r ca

ppin

g (2

-3 fe

et) w

ith so

me

dred

ging

rem

oval

, fill

and

smal

l ar

eas o

f cap

ping

(21)

- C

onst

ruct

ion

cost

est

imat

e of

$1

4.1

mill

ion.

Add

ition

al W

DN

R

wor

k on

goin

g. D

redg

ed 1

07,6

58

cubi

c ya

rds.

(10)

GG

, 21,

30,

48

10

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

7

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

12

Thea

Fos

s Wat

erw

ay

CB

/NT

SS

Taco

ma,

Was

hing

ton

PAH

s, ph

thal

ate

este

rs, t

race

m

etal

s, PC

Bs

(46)

, dio

xins

(2

1)

8000

-ft.

wat

erw

ay;

dept

h is

abo

ut

15 ft

. now

; de

pth

in m

ain

chan

nel m

ay

be re

stor

ed to

20

-25

ft.

3 ft.

for t

hick

ca

ps (5

0)

poss

ibly

0.5

to

1 ft

. for

th

in c

aps

To b

e de

term

ined

- C

AD

is

unde

rwat

er

shee

tpile

and

ge

otex

tile

(10)

App

rox.

20

acre

s (46

, 50)

- F

inal

is 3

0 ac

res (

10)

To b

e co

nstru

cted

(E

PA's

sele

cted

re

med

y)

C

ompl

eted

F

ebru

ary

2004

(21)

Som

e cl

eanu

p on

goin

g (1

0) •

The

in-s

itu c

ap w

ill b

e th

ick

enou

gh to

con

tain

and

isol

ate

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts in

si

tu fr

om th

e ov

erly

ing

wat

er

colu

mn

and

habi

tat,

and

will

be

thic

k en

ough

to re

sist

er

osio

n fr

om v

esse

l sco

ur,

wav

e ac

tion,

or p

enet

ratio

n by

bu

rrow

ing

orga

nism

s (46

) •

100%

des

ign

expe

cted

to b

e co

mpl

ete

in M

arch

200

2 (5

0)

• 19

94 E

PA C

onse

nt D

ecre

e w

ith

City

of T

acom

a •

Proj

ect f

ocus

is n

ot o

n ha

bita

t, al

thou

gh b

enef

its to

end

ange

red

spec

ies h

abita

t will

be

cons

ider

ed

(21)

; 14

acre

s of i

nter

tidal

hab

itat

are

prop

osed

(46)

•

A p

ortio

n of

eac

h of

the

proj

ect's

8

sedi

men

t man

agem

ent a

reas

(S

MA

s) w

ill b

e th

ick-

capp

ed; t

he

SMA

at t

he h

ead

of th

e w

ater

way

w

ill a

lso

empl

oy so

rben

t cap

ping

to

con

trol o

il se

epag

e (4

6)

• En

hanc

ed n

atur

al re

cove

ry to

be

used

at m

outh

of w

ater

way

(50)

•

Maj

ority

of s

edim

ents

in

navi

gatio

n ch

anne

l will

be

dred

ged

(50)

- C

ente

rlin

e of

the

wat

erw

ay a

nd

mar

gins

dre

dged

for t

he u

pper

th

ird

of th

e w

ater

way

. The

City

of

Taco

ma

will

com

plet

e th

e re

st

whi

ch is

still

und

erw

ay (2

1)

- A c

heck

erbo

ard

of re

mov

als,

back

fillin

g an

d th

in la

yer c

appi

ng

whi

ch d

id n

ot u

se th

e so

rben

t m

ater

ial d

escr

ibed

abo

ve b

ut

impe

rvio

us c

ap in

stea

d (2

1)

- Con

stru

ctio

n co

st e

stim

ate

of $

73

mill

ion

(10)

- M

onito

red

natu

ral r

ecov

ery

of 2

1 ac

res,

habi

tat m

itiga

tion

of 1

3 ac

res.

Dre

dged

528

,500

cub

ic y

ards

(1

0)

21, 4

6, 5

0 10

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

8

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

13

Oly

mpi

c V

iew

Res

ourc

e A

rea

CB

/NT

SS

Taco

ma,

Was

hing

ton

Dio

xin

Inte

rtida

l are

a w

ith a

smal

l su

btid

al a

rea;

w

ater

dep

th is

-1

5 ft.

MLL

W 4

ft.

Eros

ion

prot

ectio

n la

yer o

ver 4

3 in

. cle

an sa

nd

over

ge

otex

tile

barr

ier o

ver 6

in

. TO

C

mat

eria

l

1.0

to 1

.6

acre

s C

onst

ruct

ion

will

co

mm

ence

in

June

200

2

Com

plet

ed

abou

t 1.3

ac

res

in

Feb

ruar

y 20

03 (2

1)

•

App

rove

d no

n-tim

e cr

itica

l re

mov

al a

ctio

n (n

o R

OD

) •

Hig

hest

dio

xin

conc

entra

tions

in

area

•

Site

cov

ers 1

2 ac

res,

but 2

.2 a

cres

(r

evie

w w

ith E

PA) w

ill b

e re

med

iate

d •

App

roxi

mat

ely

51,0

00 sq

.ft. w

ill

be e

xcav

ated

dow

n 1.

1 ft

and

back

fille

d w

ith c

lean

mat

eria

l.

The

othe

r por

tion

(1.0

acr

es o

r 68

,290

sq. f

t.) w

ill b

e ca

pped

(r

evie

w w

ith E

PA)

- Mos

tly re

stor

atio

n an

d re

med

iatio

n (2

1)

- Exc

avat

ed $

10,5

00 c

ubic

yar

ds.

Est

imat

ed c

ost o

f $3

mill

ion

(10)

10, 2

1

14

Gen

eral

Met

als o

f Ta

com

a H

yleb

os W

ater

way

C

B/N

T SS

Ta

com

a, W

ashi

ngto

n (I

SC)

Oth

er a

ppar

ently

se

para

te si

te =

Hyl

ebos

W

ater

way

, C

omm

ence

men

t Bay

, WA

(1

0)

Met

als,

PAH

s

3 ft.

Sa

nd, g

rave

l, ge

otex

tile

liner

800

feet

alo

ng

shor

elin

e un

der p

iers

- C

appe

d ar

ea

10.2

acr

es

(10)

Late

199

0s •

Rec

ent m

onito

ring

indi

cate

s th

at c

ap is

func

tioni

ng a

s de

sign

ed

• C

appi

ng c

ondu

cted

in c

onju

nctio

n w

ith re

pair

wor

k on

do

ck/b

ulkh

ead

stru

ctur

e by

G

ener

al M

etal

s •

Cap

ping

sele

cted

bec

ause

dr

edgi

ng p

rese

nted

con

cern

s abo

ut

unde

rmin

ing

dock

stru

ctur

al

inte

grity

- D

redg

ing

only

is o

ccur

ring

this

ye

ar, 2

004,

plu

s som

e ha

bita

t re

stor

atio

n (2

1)

- Thi

s app

aren

t oth

er a

rea

prec

isio

n dr

edge

d 1,

025,

000

cubi

c ya

rds.

Est

imat

ed c

onst

ruct

ion

cost

of

$70

mill

ion.

Cle

anup

ong

oing

(1

0)

49, 2

1, 1

0

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

9

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

15

Occ

iden

tal C

hem

ical

R

emov

al A

ctio

n H

yleb

os W

ater

way

C

B/N

T SS

Ta

com

a, W

ashi

ngto

n (tr

ial c

ap)

TCH

, PC

E is

pr

imar

y si

gnat

ure

(21)

• M

essa

ge le

ft w

ith E

PA R

egio

n 10

- D

isco

vere

d th

at th

e ex

tent

of

cont

amin

atio

n is

lar

ger t

han

antic

ipat

ed, t

here

fore

und

er

com

plet

e re

-des

ign

and

star

ting

over

with

a d

esig

n th

at w

ill in

clud

e ca

ppin

g, b

ut b

ecau

se it

invo

lves

so

lven

ts, a

typi

cal c

ap w

ill n

ot

wor

k. E

PA w

ants

to tr

y so

met

hing

ne

w b

ut th

ey d

o no

t kno

w w

hat y

et.

Ext

ract

ion

and

dred

ging

are

ex

pect

ed to

be

sign

ifica

nt. (

21)

- Dre

dged

36,

000

cubi

c ya

rds t

o da

te. C

ap is

und

er e

valu

atio

n.

Est

imat

ed c

ost t

o da

te is

$10

.5

mill

ion

(10)

49, 2

1, 1

0

16

Asa

rco

Se

dim

ents

/ G

roun

dwat

er O

pera

ble

Uni

t 06

CB

/NT

SS

Taco

ma,

Was

hing

ton

(pilo

t)

Ars

enic

, lea

d,

copp

er

Nea

r old

sm

elte

r site

30

cm

and

60

cm (s

ide

by

side

)

Cle

an ri

ver

sedi

men

ts

• Pi

lot c

ap w

as v

ery

succ

essf

ul

- Cap

in so

mew

hat e

ffec

tive,

bu

t a re

-des

ign

has b

een

adde

d be

caus

e th

e gr

ound

wat

er a

nd

tides

ble

w o

ut a

ll th

e fin

es. (

21)

• Pi

lot s

tudy

was

con

duct

ed to

de

term

ine

if ca

p w

ould

rem

ain

in

plac

e an

d be

com

e re

colo

nize

d w

ith h

ealth

y bi

olog

ical

co

mm

uniti

es

51, 2

1

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

10

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

17

Asa

rco

Sedi

men

ts/G

roun

dwat

er

Ope

rabl

e U

nit 0

6 C

B/N

T SS

Ta

com

a, W

ashi

ngto

n (f

ull-s

cale

)

Ars

enic

, lea

d,

copp

er

Nea

r old

sm

elte

r site

; ca

p w

ill b

e 0

- 60

ft. d

eep

3 ft.

To

be

dete

rmin

ed

18 a

cres

To

be

cons

truct

ed

(RO

D si

gned

in

July

200

0)

C

ompl

eted

fr

om 2

001-

2002

in

diff

eren

t se

gmen

ts (2

1)

• En

tire

yach

t bas

in w

ill b

e dr

edge

d (a

bout

20

acre

s)

• O

ffsh

ore

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts

will

be

capp

ed

• D

raft

30%

des

ign

com

plet

ed

• C

ap w

ill in

tegr

ate

into

arm

ored

sh

orel

ine

(2/3

of a

rmor

has

bee

n pl

aced

) •

Entir

e pe

nins

ula

crea

ted

by

pour

ing

arse

nic-

cont

aini

ng sl

ag

into

the

wat

er, (

slag

is 1

00 fe

et

thic

k in

pla

ces)

; dre

dge

volu

mes

w

ould

hav

e be

en to

o gr

eat s

o it

was

det

erm

ined

to is

olat

e co

ntam

inan

ts fr

om b

enth

ic

orga

nism

s by

usin

g a

3-fo

ot-th

ick

cap

- A

pilo

t re-

desi

gn a

dded

mor

e fin

es

and

the

cap

seem

s to

be w

orki

ng

wel

l in

the

inte

rtid

al a

rea.

In

deep

er a

reas

, stil

l det

erm

inin

g if

effe

ctiv

e bu

t not

yet

faile

d. S

prin

g gr

ound

wat

er d

isch

arge

may

ero

de

the

cap

in p

lace

s (21

)

51, 2

1

18

Lock

heed

Shi

pyar

d D

uwam

ish

Riv

er/E

lliot

t B

ay

Seat

tle, W

ashi

ngto

n

Prim

arily

ar

seni

c, le

ad,

mer

cury

, zin

c,

copp

er; s

ome

PCB

s and

PA

Hs

Nav

igab

le

river

; maj

or

salm

on ro

ute;

w

ater

dep

th

~ 20

ft.

2 ft.

min

imum

(R

OD

) 3.

5 ft.

cu

rren

tly

unde

r co

nsid

erat

ion

To b

e de

term

ined

A

ppro

x. 1

5 ac

re (b

ased

on

3.5

ft. c

ap a

nd

85,2

10 c

y of

ca

p m

ater

ial)

- 4 a

cres

(10)

Poss

ible

pie

r re

mov

al th

is

win

ter;

dred

ging

and

ca

ppin

g m

ay

begi

n in

the

fall

or w

inte

r of

200

3 C

appi

ng

star

ting,

to

be

com

plet

ed

end

of 2

004

(21)

•

A h

uge

pier

will

be

rem

oved

; tha

t ar

ea w

ill b

e dr

edge

d an

d th

en

capp

ed to

pre

vent

con

tam

inan

t m

igra

tion

and

to im

prov

e aq

uatic

ha

bita

t •

Are

a be

yond

cur

rent

pie

r will

be

dred

ged

but n

ot c

appe

d •

Des

ign

has n

ot b

een

final

ized

•

Cap

ping

is p

art o

f rem

edy

per

RO

D

- Pie

r was

rem

oved

but

mor

e m

ater

ial t

han

plan

ned

(21)

- 1

30,0

00 d

redg

ed c

ubic

yar

ds.

Est

imat

ed c

ost o

f >$2

0 m

illio

n.

Cle

anup

ong

oing

(10)

58, 2

1, 1

0

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

11

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

19

Todd

Shi

pyar

d D

uwam

ish

Riv

er/E

lliot

t B

ay

Seat

tle, W

ashi

ngto

n

Prim

arily

ar

seni

c, le

ad,

mer

cury

, zin

c,

copp

er, T

BT;

so

me

PCB

s, PA

Hs

Nav

igab

le

river

; maj

or

salm

on ro

ute;

ve

ry st

eep

slop

es (d

rops

fr

om 3

0 to

50

dept

hs

rapi

dly)

To b

e de

term

ined

To

be

dete

rmin

ed

To b

e de

term

ined

D

redg

ing

and

capp

ing

may

be

gin

in th

e fa

ll or

win

ter

of 2

003

Due

to d

elay

s, ca

ppin

g st

arte

d th

is

year

to b

e co

mpe

lete

d 20

04-2

005

(21)

•

A m

ore

invo

lved

pro

ject

than

Lo

ckhe

ed; t

his i

s stil

l a w

orki

ng

ship

yard

and

site

has

stee

p sl

opes

•

Des

ign

has n

ot b

een

final

ized

•

Cap

ping

is p

art o

f rem

edy

per

RO

D

- Dre

dged

200

,000

cub

ic y

ards

(10)

58, 2

1,10

20

Puge

t Sou

nd N

aval

Sh

ipya

rd

Bre

mer

ton,

Was

hing

ton

(CA

D)

PCB

s, m

ercu

ry (4

8)

Dep

th v

arie

s;

appr

ox.

30 ft

. at

CA

D (4

8)

App

rox.

1 ft

. (in

terim

cap

) an

d ap

prox

. 3

ft. (s

econ

d ca

p), f

or to

tal

of 4

ft. b

efor

e co

nsol

idat

ion

(48)

CA

D c

ap:

clea

n dr

edge

d m

ater

ial f

rom

tu

rnin

g ba

sin

(48)

CA

D:

appr

ox. 1

0 ac

res (

48)

- 25.

2 ac

res

(10)

Dre

dgin

g co

mpl

eted

in

June

200

0

Fina

l CA

D

cap

plac

ed

in S

ept.

or

Oct

. 200

1 (4

8)

F

inal

ized

in

2002

(21)

• Pi

t CA

D si

zed

prop

erly

(dee

p an

d w

ide)

but

exp

erie

nced

so

me

"slo

p" (2

-3 c

m

exte

ndin

g 20

-50

ft. o

ut) (

21)

• K

ey le

sson

lear

ned:

aw

aren

ess o

f diff

eren

ces

betw

een

"pro

duct

ion"

pro

ject

an

d "e

nviro

nmen

tal"

pro

ject

; ap

pare

ntly

the

proj

ect

expe

rienc

ed b

ucke

t ov

erfil

ling,

ove

rdre

dgin

g, a

nd

unde

rdre

dgin

g, p

ossi

bly

caus

ing

prob

lem

s with

wat

er

qual

ity (t

urbi

dity

) (X

) •

The

proj

ect w

ent v

ery

wel

l (4

8)

• M

onito

ring

plan

is b

eing

de

velo

ped

now

(48)

- A

ttem

pted

a p

it ca

p ov

er

mat

eria

l pla

ced

in a

hol

e. T

he

hole

was

too

smal

l cau

sing

m

ater

ial t

o co

me

out o

f the

si

des a

nd re

-sus

pend

. Th

e ca

p w

orke

d w

ell e

xcep

t for

the

mat

eria

l aro

und

the

side

s. M

ore

cap

mat

eria

l was

add

ed

on th

e re

sidu

al a

t the

side

s. (2

1)

• Pr

ojec

t inv

olve

d dr

edgi

ng o

f ch

anne

l and

turn

ing

basi

n, a

nd

pier

ext

ensi

on a

nd re

cons

truct

ion

• R

emed

y in

clud

ed d

redg

ing,

on-

site

dis

posa

l in

CA

D, t

hick

and

th

in-la

yer c

appi

ng, a

nd n

atur

al

reco

very

(29,

48)

•

Proj

ect u

niqu

e be

caus

e of

si

gnifi

cant

vol

ume

of

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

t (>3

90,0

00

cy),

tight

sche

dule

, sig

nific

ant

daily

tida

l exc

hang

e, w

ater

dep

th

and

CA

D p

it vo

lum

e co

nstra

int

(req

uire

d pr

ecis

ion

dred

ging

) (X

) - F

irst

impr

essi

ons c

onsi

dere

d th

e ca

p a

failu

re, b

ut n

ow th

e ca

p is

do

ing

wel

l afte

r rep

airs

. (21

) - M

onito

ring

eve

ry 1

-2 y

ears

(21)

- D

redg

ed 2

26,0

00 c

ubic

yar

ds.

Est

imat

ed c

ost o

f $11

.45

mill

ion

(10)

X, 2

1, 2

9,

48 10

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

12

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

21

Paci

fic S

ound

Res

ourc

es

Seat

tle, W

ashi

ngto

n PA

Hs,

mer

cury

, PC

Bs (

33)

Old

cre

osot

e pl

ant l

ocat

ed

at m

outh

of

Duw

amis

h R

iver

; in

terti

dal a

rea

to d

epth

s >2

40 ft

. (33

)

5 ft.

in

inte

rtida

l ar

eas t

o -1

0 ft.

M

LLW

(33)

O

ther

are

as:

to b

e

dete

rmin

ed

(33)

Nav

igat

iona

l dr

edge

d m

ater

ial o

r up

land

bo

rrow

in

tend

ed (3

3)

Cap

ping

se

lect

ed fo

r 50

-65

acre

s in

rem

edia

l de

sign

(33)

Sa

me

but t

his

is in

ner c

ircl

e W

ith a

pron

an

d co

nsid

erin

g sl

ope

and

rive

r mou

th

flow

di

spla

cem

ent,

it co

uld

be

100-

200

acre

s (2

1)

- 58

acre

s (1

0)

RO

D si

gned

; pr

e-w

ork

(e.g

., pi

lings

re

mov

al,

smal

l dre

dge

area

) lik

ely

in

2003

; cap

ping

po

ssib

ly in

20

03

In

cons

truc

tion

now

and

ex

pect

to la

st

thro

ugh

Feb

ruar

y 20

05 a

t lea

st

(21)

• A

ppro

xim

atel

y 20

acr

es o

f ca

p ar

e on

an

18-2

1% sl

ope

(33)

•

Cap

like

ly d

esig

ned

to re

quire

re

pair

afte

r a si

gnifi

cant

ea

rthqu

ake

(33)

• R

emed

y is

mos

tly c

appi

ng

• In

nav

igat

ion

chan

nel,

a de

pres

sion

to th

e lo

ne d

ock

(at

area

nea

r for

mer

pla

nt o

utfa

ll) w

ill

be d

ug; t

hose

spoi

ls w

ill b

e co

nsol

idat

ed o

nsho

re (2

1)

• A

bea

ch w

ill b

e bu

ilt, w

ith 5

ft.

cap

to ti

e in

to sh

orel

ine

stru

ctur

e an

d ha

bita

t and

to se

ques

ter

cont

amin

atio

n; th

inne

r cap

(6

inch

es) m

ay b

e us

ed a

way

from

sh

ore

(21)

- D

redg

ed 1

0,00

0 cu

bic

yard

s. E

stim

ated

cos

t of $

18 m

illio

n (1

0)

21, 3

3 10

Cal

iforn

ia, O

rego

n, a

nd o

ther

Wes

tern

Sta

tes

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

13

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

22

Port

of L

os A

ngel

es

Shal

low

Wat

er H

abita

t (P

SWH

) Lo

s Ang

eles

, Cal

iforn

ia

(CA

D a

nd h

abita

t cr

eatio

n)

(the

“Pie

r 400

pro

ject

”)

Als

o kn

own

as th

e C

abri

llo S

hallo

w W

ater

H

abita

t (38

)

Hea

vy m

etal

s (e

sp. c

oppe

r),

PAH

s, D

DT,

PC

Bs;

a

"his

toric

so

up";

larg

e st

orm

dra

in

disc

harg

es to

th

e ar

ea (3

8)

Bay

not

use

d fo

r na

viga

tion;

de

pth

redu

ced

from

40

ft. to

15

ft. t

o cr

eate

ha

bita

t

15 ft

. - T

hree

par

ts

all 1

5 ft.

(38)

13 ft

. cle

an

harb

or

mat

eria

l; 2

ft.

clea

n sa

nd

(latte

r was

ha

bita

t-dr

iven

)

94 a

cre

CA

D

(FF)

with

in

192-

acre

site

1995

•

Proj

ect p

erfo

rman

ce fi

ne to

da

te (2

7, 3

7, 3

8)

• R

ecen

t dis

cuss

ions

abo

ut

poss

ible

exp

ansi

on (2

7);

expa

nsio

n do

es in

clud

e ca

ppin

g of

any

oth

er

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts, b

ut

rath

er e

ntai

ls c

reat

ion

of 5

4 m

ore

acre

s of h

abita

t (38

) •

No

long

term

mon

itorin

g re

quire

d (3

8)

• 19

93/9

4 m

onito

ring

show

ed

that

the

cap

was

still

in p

lace

(3

8)

• O

vera

ll ef

fect

ive

cap

was

>15

’.

The

thic

k ca

p w

as a

resu

lt of

site

ge

omet

ry a

nd d

redg

ing

volu

mes

an

d w

as n

ot re

quire

d to

pre

vent

co

ntam

inan

t mig

ratio

n (F

F, 3

8)

• Fi

rst C

AD

pro

ject

in C

alifo

rnia

fo

r con

tam

inat

ed se

dim

ents

(27)

•

A p

erim

eter

suba

queo

us b

erm

was

pl

aced

prio

r to

plac

emen

t of 5

m

illio

n cy

of c

onta

min

ated

se

dim

ents

(27)

•

Prov

ides

hab

itat f

or e

ndan

gere

d sp

ecie

s (C

alifo

rnia

leas

e te

rn) (

27,

38)

• C

ap c

over

ed a

des

igna

ted

"hot

sp

ot"

(38)

- P

art 1

is th

e 19

0 ac

re C

AD

whi

ch

rece

ived

con

tam

inat

ed m

ater

ial a

nd

cove

red

exis

ting

cont

amin

ated

m

ater

ial =

a tr

ue C

AD

. Pa

rt 2

is

calle

d th

e 80

-acr

e ex

pans

ion

whi

ch

rece

ived

cle

an d

redg

e m

ater

ial.

Part

3 is

54

acre

s stil

l und

er

cons

truc

tion

and

caps

co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ents

alr

eady

in

plac

e w

hich

is a

toxi

c ho

t spo

t (38

)

A, F

F, 2

7,

37, 3

8

23

Port

of L

os A

ngel

es

Shal

low

Wat

er H

abita

t (P

SWH

) Lo

s Ang

eles

, Cal

iforn

ia

(pilo

t CA

D)

Ther

e is

no

pilo

t. Th

is is

pr

obab

ly th

e 19

0-ac

re

Part

1 d

escr

ibed

abo

ve in

#2

2 (3

8)

Lead

, zin

c,

copp

er

12

ft.

(OO

) Sa

nd c

ap o

ver

44 g

eote

xtile

co

ntai

ners

fil

led

with

co

ntam

inat

ed

sedi

men

ts

- Thi

s is t

he

mat

eria

l in

Part

1

desc

ribe

d ab

ove

in #

22

(38)

est.

10 a

cres

(b)

Dre

dgin

g fr

om N

ov. 1

0,

1994

to D

ec.

18, 1

994

•

66,0

00 c

y co

ntam

inat

ed

mai

nten

ance

dre

dged

mat

eria

l fr

om M

arin

a de

l Rey

and

Bal

lona

Fl

ood

Con

trol c

hann

els w

ere

plac

ed in

geo

tube

s

O, F

F, O

O,

27

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

14

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

24

Con

vair

Lago

on

San

Die

go B

ay

San

Die

go, C

alifo

rnia

(I

SC w

ith fo

ragi

ng h

abita

t cr

eatio

n)

PCB

s W

ater

dep

th

10-1

8 ft.

10

-acr

e si

te

2 ft.

sand

ove

r 1

ft. ro

ck

Sand

ove

r cr

ushe

d ro

ck

and

geog

rid

5.7

acre

s O

ct. 1

996

to

mid

-199

8 •

No

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n •

Cap

succ

essf

ully

pla

ced

in

very

shal

low

wat

er

• So

me

chem

ical

s obs

erve

d in

ca

p •

Cou

ld e

xpec

t to

see

som

e ch

emic

als i

n ca

p be

caus

e of

hi

gh e

nerg

y en

viro

nmen

t (s

imila

r to

Ellio

tt B

ay

expe

rienc

es) (

27)

• St

ate-

orde

red

rem

edia

tion

of

PCB

s (27

) •

Ong

oing

mon

itorin

g fo

r 20

to 5

0 ye

ars (

incl

udes

div

er in

spec

tion,

ca

p co

ring,

bio

logi

cal m

onito

ring)

• D

esig

ned

to w

ithst

and

a si

gnifi

cant

seis

mic

eve

nt

• 4

acre

s by

shor

e an

d ou

tfall

had

high

loca

lized

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f PC

Bs,

so a

genc

y di

d no

t wan

t to

dred

ge, b

ut in

stea

d re

quire

d a

cap

(th

in e

noug

h to

pre

serv

e sa

lt w

ater

ha

bita

t but

thic

k en

ough

to

with

stan

d hi

gh e

nerg

y en

viro

nmen

t) •

EPA

wan

ted

geot

extil

e la

yer t

o st

op b

urro

win

g sh

rimp;

som

ehow

, ge

ogrid

was

inst

alle

d in

stea

d (2

7)

• So

me

disa

gree

men

t on

PCB

ac

tion

leve

l bet

wee

n ag

enci

es;

EPA

con

vinc

ed p

roje

ct te

am to

ca

p gr

eate

r are

a w

ith c

lean

sand

(2

7)

A, E

, 27

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

15

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

25

Nor

th E

nerg

y Is

land

B

orro

w P

it C

appi

ng P

ilot

Stud

y Lo

ng B

each

Har

bor,

Cal

iforn

ia

(pilo

t CA

D)

DD

T, m

etal

s, PA

Hs,

othe

rs

(47)

Bor

row

pit

crea

ted

as

resu

lt of

co

nstru

ctio

n of

ene

rgy

isla

nds (

47)

Flat

pit

botto

m, 5

2 to

66

ft. d

eep

0.5

mile

of

fsho

re o

f Lo

ng B

each

(4

7)

3 ft.

min

imum

requ

ired

(47)

4.

9 ft.

max

. (4

7)

Cle

an si

lty

sand

dre

dged

fr

om e

ntra

nce

to L

ong

Bea

ch H

arbo

r (4

7)

100,

000

cy o

f co

ntam

inat

ed

sedi

men

t fro

m

the

LA R

iver

es

tuar

y w

ere

depo

site

d (3

7)in

one

se

gmen

t of

the

pit t

hat

was

alre

ady

segm

ente

d by

be

rms f

rom

a

wat

er li

ne

(47)

9.9

acre

s (47

) En

tire

Pit:

22

0 ac

res

appr

ox. (c

)

disp

osal

in

Aug

. 200

1 (4

7)

c

ap

cons

truct

ion

com

plet

ed in

D

ec. 2

001

2

-3 m

ore

year

s to

stud

y th

e pi

lot C

AD

ce

ll (3

7, 4

7)

• C

onst

ruct

ion

phas

e re

port

expe

cted

in M

arch

•

Pilo

t CA

D c

ell t

o be

clo

sely

st

udie

d (e

.g.,

corin

g, b

enth

ic,

bath

ymet

ry) o

ver n

ext 2

-3

year

s •

One

of t

he b

igge

st q

uest

ions

is

the

degr

ee o

f bio

turb

atio

n th

at w

ill o

ccur

(37)

•

Fine

silts

in th

e pi

t bot

tom

an

d cl

ays c

onso

lidat

ed v

ery

quic

kly,

mak

ing

it di

ffic

ult t

o ac

coun

t for

all

mat

eria

l (47

) •

Mon

itorin

g pl

an is

bei

ng

deve

lope

d no

w (4

7)

- The

one

met

er c

ap lo

oks g

ood

afte

r 2 y

ears

of m

onito

ring

(2

002

and

2003

), 3rd

yea

r co

min

g up

= 2

004

afte

r whi

ch

succ

ess w

ill b

e de

term

ined

(37)

• Th

e LA

Con

tam

inat

ed S

edim

ents

Ta

sk F

orce

is e

valu

atin

g se

vera

l co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ent d

ispo

sal

optio

ns fo

r the

regi

on, i

nclu

ding

us

e of

CA

D c

ells

; no

judg

emen

t ha

s bee

n m

ade

to d

ate

and

will

not

fo

r at l

east

ano

ther

2-3

yea

rs (3

7,

47)

• U

SAC

E is

per

form

ing

an E

IS fo

r th

is 1

st m

ulti-

user

CA

D si

te,

whi

ch w

ill c

ap u

p to

7 m

illio

n cy

of

con

tam

inat

ed se

dim

ents

with

cl

ean

sedi

men

t; se

vera

l en

gine

erin

g is

sues

bei

ng

cons

ider

ed (e

.g.,

sepa

rate

cel

ls v

s. la

yerin

g of

pro

ject

sedi

men

ts);

seve

ral o

ther

issu

es b

eing

co

nsid

ered

(con

tam

inan

t lim

its,

max

imum

dur

atio

n of

exp

osur

e)

(27)

•

One

pilo

t stu

dy w

as c

ondu

cted

th

at p

erta

ined

to c

appi

ng; o

ther

pi

lot s

tudi

es w

ere

cond

ucte

d th

at

addr

ess o

ther

eng

inee

ring

topi

cs

(47)

- W

heth

er to

do

CA

D, d

redg

e, o

r tr

eat a

nd re

-use

will

be

deci

ded

afte

r 3rd

yea

r of m

onito

ring

. C

AD

is

last

cho

ice,

but

may

run

out o

f fil

l site

s for

the

dred

ging

opt

ion

whi

ch is

still

the

leas

t exp

ensi

ve.

Tryi

ng to

pro

mot

e tr

eatm

ent a

nd

re-u

se (3

7)

P, 2

7, 3

7, 4

7

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

16

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

26

Palo

s Ver

des S

helf

Sa

n Pe

dro,

Cal

iforn

ia

(pilo

t ISC

)

DD

T an

d PC

Bs

17-s

q.m

i. co

ntin

enta

l sh

elf a

nd

slop

e (3

4)

Cel

l LU

: 15-

45 c

m

Cel

l LD

: <10

cm

C

ell S

U: 1

5 cm

Tw

o ce

lls a

t 15

0 fe

et d

eep

and

one

cell

at 2

13 fe

et

deep

(65)

Cle

an

sedi

men

ts

(two

type

s)

135

acre

s (m

ade

up o

f th

ree

300

x 60

0 m

are

as)

Aug

. 2, 2

000

to S

ept.

14,

2000

Prel

imin

ary

Res

ults

(Ref

. H):

• D

istu

rban

ce o

f con

tam

inat

ed

sedi

men

ts w

as re

lativ

ely

loca

lized

and

dec

reas

ed

subs

tant

ially

afte

r the

initi

al

load

was

pla

ced

• Se

dim

ent p

lum

es c

ause

d by

ca

ppin

g di

d no

t pos

e a

risk

to

near

shor

e ke

lp b

eds

• Sp

read

ing

was

less

dis

rupt

ive

than

con

vent

iona

l pla

cem

ent

• Th

ere

wer

e no

indi

catio

ns o

f m

ass s

edim

ent m

ovem

ent

(suc

h as

mud

wav

es o

r tu

rbid

ity fl

ows)

as a

resu

lt of

ca

ppin

g •

The

pilo

t stu

dy w

ent w

ell;

all

indi

catio

ns sh

ow c

ap w

as

succ

essf

ully

pla

ced;

m

onito

ring

cont

inue

s, an

d in

dica

tes p

ossi

ble

trans

port

of

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts to

ca

p fr

om u

ncap

ped

area

s;

mor

e co

ring

will

be

cond

ucte

d to

stud

y th

is (3

4)

- Pos

t pilo

t cap

mon

itori

ng

show

s the

cap

dis

plac

ed c

lean

se

dim

ent a

nd p

ushe

d co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ents

up.

Th

ere

is D

DT

in c

ap su

rfac

e.

(65)

• Th

e fin

al re

port

for s

tudy

may

be

issu

ed in

Mar

ch, 2

002

(34)

•

9/28

/01

Act

ion

Mem

oran

dum

(R

ef. I

) pro

pose

s est

ablis

hing

in

stitu

tiona

l con

trols

(out

reac

h &

ed

ucat

ion,

mon

itorin

g an

d en

forc

emen

t) as

soci

ated

with

co

nsum

ptio

n of

con

tam

inat

ed fi

sh

• EP

A c

ontin

ues t

o ev

alua

te in

-situ

ca

ppin

g an

d ot

her r

emed

ies a

nd

may

issu

e pr

opos

ed a

ltern

ativ

es

by y

ear-

end,

200

2 (3

4)

- No

capp

ing

sinc

e pi

lot i

n 20

00,

still

stud

ying

the

pilo

t cap

. RI/

FS

is

due

out i

n 20

06 (3

4)

- Stil

l mon

itori

ng b

ut n

ot a

co

nvin

cing

succ

ess (

65)

G, H

, I, 3

4 65

27

McC

orm

ick

and

Bax

ter

Old

Mor

mon

Slo

ugh

Stoc

kton

, Cal

iforn

ia

Dio

xins

, PA

Hs

Dea

d-en

d w

ater

way

; 10

ft. d

eep;

m

aint

enan

ce-

dred

ged

for

barg

e ac

cess

; tid

ally

in

fluen

ced

2 ft.

Sa

nd

8.8

acre

s C

onst

ruct

ion

may

beg

in in

20

02 (3

5)

N

ow 2

005

(34)

•

RO

D si

gned

4/9

9 •

Cap

ping

sele

cted

bec

ause

site

is a

t th

e en

d of

a d

ead-

end

slou

gh, s

o ca

p is

unl

ikel

y to

was

h aw

ay (3

5)

AA

, 35

34

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

17

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

28

McC

orm

ick

and

Bax

ter

Will

amet

te R

iver

Po

rtlan

d, O

rego

n (I

SC)

Hea

vy m

etal

s, PA

Hs

15 a

cres

of

near

shor

e se

dim

ents

and

so

ils; d

epth

s to

35

ft.

3 ft.

-

2 fe

et o

f sa

nd.

(66)

Sand

- P

laci

ng

conc

rete

bl

ocks

cab

led

toge

ther

on

top

of sa

nd

cap

= A

CB

=

artic

ulat

ed

conc

rete

bl

ock

with

a

6-in

ch p

rofil

e (6

6)

- Org

anoc

lay

cap

(10)

15 a

cres

(S)

Cap

may

take

17

to 2

2 ac

res,

depe

ndin

g on

ho

w th

ickn

ess

will

var

y (2

1)

- act

ually

23

acre

s (66

)

Aim

ing

for

cons

truct

ion

in 2

004

(21)

Inst

allin

g ca

p th

is su

mm

er

(66)

•

Long

-term

mon

itorin

g, O

MM

P,

and

inst

itutio

nal c

ontro

ls w

ere

also

spec

ified

(A)

• C

ap b

eing

rede

sign

ed n

ow

(rec

ently

dec

ided

to in

stal

l a p

iling

w

all a

roun

d up

land

site

to c

onta

in

NA

PL o

n si

te, t

here

by p

rese

rvin

g tre

atm

ent o

ptio

ns in

the

futu

re -

wai

ting

to se

e ho

w E

agle

Har

bor

wal

l per

form

s) (2

1)

• H

abita

t will

be

cons

ider

ed,

parti

cula

rly fo

r juv

enile

salm

on

(21)

- 2

are

as o

f org

anic

cla

y pl

acem

ent

to c

ontr

ol N

APL

(cre

osot

e) se

eps

cove

ring

less

than

1 a

cre.

(66)

- E

stim

ated

cos

t of $

9 m

illio

n (1

0)

A, E

, S, 2

1

66, 1

0

29

Ros

s Isl

and

Lago

on/

Port

of P

ortla

nd

Portl

and

Ore

gon

(CA

D)

Met

als,

TBT,

PA

Hs,

PCB

s (4

1); s

ome

CO

Cs m

ore

prev

alen

t in

certa

in c

ells

(5

7)

lago

on; n

o si

gnifi

cant

cu

rren

t (57

);

first

CA

D c

ell

dept

h: ~

80

ft.; o

ther

CA

D

cell

dept

hs: 0

-30

ft. (

57)

1 ft.

(41)

1

ft. m

inim

um

for C

ells

1-4

; 2

to 1

0+ ft

. fo

r Cel

l 5 (6

1) So

me

disc

ussi

on in

la

te 1

990s

ab

out

incr

easi

ng c

ap

thic

knes

s;

deta

ils n

ot

prov

ided

(57)

Fine

-gra

ined

m

ater

ial

deriv

ed fr

om

on-s

ite sa

nd

and

grav

el

was

hing

and

pr

oces

sing

op

erat

ions

(3

9)

Mat

eria

l fro

m

Ros

s Isl

and

rock

cru

shin

g se

ttlin

g po

nd

(61)

8.4

acre

s(d)

Dre

dgin

g fr

om 1

992

to

1998

Cel

l 5 w

as

first

to b

e co

nstru

cted

• O

R D

EQ a

ccep

ted

a D

ec.

2000

stud

y sh

owin

g th

at

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts fr

om

Port

faci

litie

s in

capp

ed

disp

osal

are

as d

o no

t pos

e a

thre

at to

hum

an h

ealth

or t

he

envi

ronm

ent (

40)

• C

AD

cel

ls a

re w

orki

ng w

ell;

mod

el d

evel

oped

from

dat

a pr

edic

ts n

o ex

ceed

ance

s of

any

wat

er q

ualit

y cr

iteria

in

the

next

500

yea

rs (5

7)

• A

bar

ge ti

pped

ove

r in

1998

; th

e sp

illed

mat

eria

l was

co

vere

d w

ith a

1-f

t cap

; a

porti

on o

f the

Cel

l 5 c

ap w

as

brea

ched

and

repa

ired

in 1

998

(57,

61)

• In

five

Por

t dre

dgin

g ev

ents

from

19

92 to

199

8, ~

160,

000

cy o

f dr

edge

d m

ater

ial w

ere

trans

porte

d to

the

lago

on fo

r per

mitt

ed

conf

ined

dis

posa

l; R

IS&

G

acce

pted

, pla

ced

and

capp

ed th

e in

-wat

er c

onta

inm

ent c

ells

(39)

•

4 ce

lls a

ccep

ted

mat

eria

l fro

m

navi

gatio

nal d

redg

ing;

1 c

ell

acce

pted

mat

eria

l fro

m th

e Po

rt of

Po

rtlan

d's P

enci

l Pitc

h sp

ill (5

7)

• So

me

disc

ussi

on a

bout

low

erin

g di

ke b

etw

een

two

isla

nds;

cur

rent

hy

drol

ogy

stud

y is

stud

ying

po

ssib

le e

ffec

ts o

n ca

p in

tegr

ity

(57)

D, T

, 39,

40,

41

, 57,

61

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

18

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

30

Inle

t Bas

in

Soda

Lak

e, W

yom

ing

(cas

e st

udy)

PAH

s, be

nzen

e,

met

als,

NA

PL N

atur

al p

laya

ba

sin,

2-1

2 ft.

de

ep;

rech

arge

s ea

ch y

ear b

y ru

noff

and

dr

ies l

ater

in

the

year

(H)

1.5

ft.

Nat

ive

sand

5.

6 ac

res

Bef

ore

June

15

, 200

0 an

d A

ug. 3

1, 2

000

• A

fter 3

mon

ths,

the

uppe

r 2

feet

of c

ap c

onta

ined

no

orga

nic

cont

amin

ants

in

exce

ss o

f scr

eeni

ng le

vels

•

Shor

t-ter

m e

ffec

ts fr

om c

ap

plac

emen

t wer

e m

inim

al

• Lo

ng-te

rm in

tegr

ity a

lso

eval

uate

d

• Th

e D

raft

Fina

l Rem

edy

Dec

isio

n da

ted

Oct

. 29.

200

1 do

es n

ot

prop

ose

capp

ing,

but

inst

ead

prop

oses

exc

avat

ion

• Th

e W

Y D

EQ c

oncl

uded

that

the

best

alte

rnat

ive

wou

ld b

e to

ex

cava

te th

e sl

udge

and

pla

ce it

in

a lin

ed c

orre

ctiv

e ac

tion

man

agem

ent u

nit.

Cap

ping

was

no

t im

plem

ente

d. (1

7)

- The

cap

is n

ot p

erfo

rmin

g be

caus

e a f

ter t

he p

ilot s

tudy

the

cap

was

allo

wed

to d

ry u

p. T

he d

ecis

ion

was

dri

ven

by a

que

stio

n of

long

te

rm e

ffec

tiven

ess a

nd n

ot le

avin

g w

aste

s beh

ind

for f

utur

e ge

nera

tions

. The

WYD

EQ

wan

ts

the

cont

amin

ants

out

of t

he

envi

ronm

ent.

The

inle

t bas

in h

as

been

in th

e dr

ying

pro

cess

. E

xcav

atio

ns a

re e

xpec

ted

to g

o fu

ll sc

ale

this

fall

and

hope

to fi

nish

by

Spri

ng 2

005.

(17)

H, L

, 17

Gre

at L

akes

31

U

pper

Riv

er se

ctio

n Sh

eboy

gan

Riv

er,

Wis

cons

in

(pilo

t)

PCB

s 9

hots

pots

to

talin

g 1,

200

sq. y

ds.

1 ft.

of c

oars

e m

ater

ial a

nd

uppe

r ge

otex

tile

over

low

er

geot

extil

e fa

bric

Arm

ored

st

one

com

posi

te

0.25

acr

e 19

89-1

990

• N

o m

onito

ring

data

•

Cap

app

ears

to b

e in

tact

with

si

gnifi

cant

silti

ng-o

ver a

nd

thus

add

ition

al st

abili

zatio

n •

Und

eter

min

ed c

ap

effe

ctiv

enes

s •

Som

e er

osio

n of

fine

-gra

ined

m

ater

ial

• C

ompo

site

arm

ored

cap

requ

ired

beca

use

of lo

catio

n in

hig

h-en

ergy

riv

er e

nviro

nmen

t. G

abio

ns

plac

ed a

t cor

ners

for a

ncho

ring.

A

dditi

onal

cou

rse

mat

eria

l pla

ced

in v

oids

and

gap

s.

• A

199

0 be

nch-

scal

e ar

mor

ing

stud

y by

Ens

eco,

Inc.

indi

cate

d th

at c

appi

ng h

ad a

sign

ifica

nt

effe

ct o

n re

duci

ng P

CB

co

ncen

tratio

n m

easu

red

in

expo

sed

aqua

tic o

rgan

ism

s (E)

.

A, E

, D

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

19

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Che

mic

als o

f C

once

rn

Site

C

ondi

tions

D

esig

n T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a D

ate

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

32

Are

as C

and

D

Man

istiq

ue, M

ichi

gan

PCB

s

2.7

ft.

Com

posi

te

17 a

cres

Plan

ned,

but

no

t im

plem

ente

d (s

ite

rem

edia

tion

was

dre

dgin

g) •

Proj

ect n

ot b

uilt

• C

ompo

site

cap

ove

r a 1

7-ac

re si

te

incl

udes

arm

orin

g an

d ge

otex

tiles

A

33

Man

istiq

ue C

appi

ng

Proj

ect

Mic

higa

n

(ISC

)

PCB

s Sh

oal i

n riv

er

with

dep

ths o

f 10

-15

ft.

40-m

il

(0.1

ft.)

HD

PE

0.6

acre

19

93

• Ph

ysic

al in

spec

tion

of

tem

pora

ry c

ap a

ppro

xim

atel

y 1

year

afte

r ins

talla

tion

show

ed c

ap to

be

phys

ical

ly

inta

ct w

ith m

ost a

ncho

rs in

pl

ace

• A

240

ft. b

y 10

0 ft.

HD

PE

tem

pora

ry c

ap w

as a

ncho

red

by

38 2

-ton

conc

rete

blo

cks p

lace

d ar

ound

the

perim

eter

of t

he c

ap

• Th

is te

mpo

rary

cap

was

inst

alle

d to

pre

vent

ero

sion

of

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts w

ithin

a

river

hot

spot

with

ele

vate

d su

rfac

e co

ncen

tratio

ns

A, B

34

Ham

ilton

Har

bor

Ont

ario

, Can

ada

(ISC

dem

onst

ratio

n)

PAH

s, m

etal

s, nu

trien

ts

Lacu

strin

e w

ater

body

1.

6 ft.

C

lean

sand

2.

5 ac

res

1995

•

Sign

ifica

nt re

duct

ions

in th

e flu

x of

site

con

tam

inan

ts w

ere

obse

rved

afte

r cap

ping

(D)

• C

appi

ng se

lect

ed b

ecau

se o

f im

prac

tical

ity o

f dre

dgin

g an

d up

land

dis

posa

l due

to la

rge

sedi

men

t vol

umes

(E)

A, B

, D, E

35

Mad

ison

Met

ropo

litan

Se

wer

age

Dis

trict

La

goon

s M

adis

on, W

isco

nsin

PCB

(gre

ater

th

an 5

0 m

g/kg

)

2 sl

udge

la

goon

s in

wet

land

s 14

1-ac

re si

te

1 ft.

G

eote

xtile

an

d lig

htw

eigh

t so

ils

• Pl

anne

d in

RO

D

• A

ccor

ding

to th

e R

OD

(dat

ed

Mar

ch 3

1, 1

997)

, the

fina

l site

re

med

y in

clud

es th

e se

greg

atio

n an

d in

-situ

con

tain

men

t of s

ludg

e w

ith P

CB

s > 5

0 m

g/kg

. The

soil

will

be

seed

ed.

E

36

Oxb

ow L

ake

near

Rib

R

iver

W

ausa

u, W

isco

nsin

(I

SC)

(“Sn

ow C

ap”

proj

ect)

Lead

Sh

allo

w, 4

-ac

re o

xbow

la

ke a

t for

mer

ba

ttery

re

clai

min

g si

te; i

mpo

rtant

br

eedi

ng

habi

tat f

or

smal

l fis

h

4-

laye

r co

mpo

site

cap

(g

eote

xtile

an

d sa

nd

blan

ket,

w/

2nd

laye

r of

geot

extil

e an

d ro

ck

“isl

ands

”);

then

snow

W

inte

r, 19

97,

to ta

ke

adva

ntag

e of

sn

ow a

nd ic

e

• D

ata

from

5 lo

catio

ns d

urin

g M

ar. 1

999

foun

d cu

rren

t lea

d co

ncen

tratio

ns in

the

wat

er

colu

mn

to b

e at

bac

kgro

und

or n

on-d

etec

t lev

els

• B

enth

ic o

rgan

ism

pop

ulat

ions

no

ted

in sh

allo

w w

ater

; ve

geta

tion

beco

min

g es

tabl

ishe

d on

the

new

su

bstra

te

• Th

is n

ew m

etho

d co

st

sign

ifica

ntly

less

than

“c

onve

ntio

nal (

and

envi

ronm

enta

lly in

vasi

ve)

sedi

men

t dre

dgin

g in

term

s of

both

fund

ing

and

time

reso

urce

s”

• Th

e te

chni

que

offe

rs th

e ad

vant

age

of p

rovi

ding

a sa

fe

habi

tat f

or e

xist

ing

fish

popu

latio

ns

• Th

e ap

proa

ch c

osts

one

-third

the

cost

to re

mov

e se

dim

ents

V

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

20

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

37

Otta

wa

Riv

er

Tole

do, O

hio

(ISC

Dem

onst

ratio

n)

PCB

s 0.

2 m

ile

stre

tch;

es

tuar

y w

ith

low

flow

s; 8

ft.

dee

p

0.33

to 0

.66

ft.

Aqu

aBlo

kTM

(cla

y-m

iner

al

aggr

egat

e),

with

or

with

out

geot

extil

e

2.5

acre

s 19

99

• M

onito

ring

resu

lts li

mite

d (E

)•

Ohi

o EP

A c

ompl

eted

a

bent

hic

com

mun

ity st

udy

befo

re A

quaB

lokTM

appl

icat

ion

and

foun

d th

e si

te

to b

e st

erile

; the

re a

re p

lans

to

cond

uct a

follo

w-u

p st

udy

in

2001

, but

impr

ovem

ents

may

no

t be

seen

bec

ause

of

ongo

ing

cont

amin

atio

n fr

om a

ne

arby

Sup

erfu

nd si

te (4

5)

• Th

e go

al o

f the

dem

onst

ratio

n w

as to

ass

ess a

pplic

atio

n m

etho

ds, n

ot n

eces

saril

y pr

ovid

e pe

rman

ent r

emed

iatio

n (4

5)

• Th

e O

ttaw

a R

iver

has

a 1

00-y

ear

flow

vel

ocity

of 4

.8 ft

/sec

for

appr

ox. 1

hou

r. Fl

ume

test

s of

sim

ilar A

quaB

lok

TM

com

posi

tions

with

stoo

d w

ater

ve

loci

ties o

f 6 ft

/sec

for 5

0 ho

urs

with

an

appr

oxim

ate

10%

loss

. (4

5)

E, 4

5

38

Tria

ngle

Pon

d To

mm

y Th

omps

on P

ark

Dow

nsvi

ew, O

ntar

io

Lead

, iro

n, o

il &

gre

ase

Man

-mad

e w

ater

bod

y in

pa

rk

1.6-

9.8

ft.

desi

gn

6.6-

13.1

ft.

actu

al

Cle

an sa

nd

and

fill

2 ac

res

1999

C

, O, U

New

Eng

land

/New

Yor

k 39

St

amfo

rd-N

ew H

aven

-N

New

Hav

en, C

onne

ctic

ut

(Cen

tral L

ong

Isla

nd

Soun

d (C

LIS)

are

a)

Met

als,

PAH

s Fl

at b

otto

m

~65

ft. d

eep

1.6

ft. (A

) U

p to

7-1

0 ft.

(F

)

Sand

1978

1979

(67)

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

• 11

yea

rs o

f mon

itorin

g sh

ow

this

to b

e on

e of

the

mos

t st

able

mou

nds

- Do

not s

ee a

ny v

isua

l pr

oble

ms w

ith 2

004

bath

emet

ry

and

core

s rec

ently

col

lect

ed.

AC

OE

is c

urre

ntly

wor

king

up

the

core

dat

a. (6

7)

• C

ores

col

lect

ed in

199

0

• C

onta

min

ated

sedi

men

t fro

m

Stam

ford

Har

bor w

as c

appe

d w

ith

slig

htly

less

con

tam

inat

ed m

ater

ial

from

New

Hav

en H

arbo

r (FF

)

A, F

, FF

67

40

Stam

ford

-New

Hav

en-S

N

ew H

aven

, Con

nect

icut

(C

LIS

area

)

Met

als,

PAH

s Fl

at b

otto

m

~70

ft. d

eep

1.6

ft. (A

) U

p to

13

ft.

(F)

Silt

19

78

19

79 (6

7)

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

• 11

yea

rs o

f mon

itorin

g sh

ow

this

to b

e on

e of

the

mos

t st

able

mou

nds

• C

ores

col

lect

ed in

199

0 •

Con

tam

inat

ed se

dim

ent f

rom

St

amfo

rd H

arbo

r was

cap

ped

with

sl

ight

ly le

ss c

onta

min

ated

mat

eria

l fr

om N

ew H

aven

Har

bor (

FF)

- Con

tinue

d ba

them

etry

in 2

002

for

Nor

th a

nd S

outh

and

ote

rs a

nd

noth

ing

unus

ual n

otic

ed (

67)

A, F

, FF

67

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

21

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

41

New

Yor

k M

ud D

ump

Dis

posa

l Site

(a

.k.a

. “N

ew Y

ork

Big

ht”

or “

Long

Isla

nd B

ight

”)

Met

als i

n si

lt an

d cl

ay

dred

ged

from

6

proj

ects

in

NY

Har

bor

(E)

Flat

bot

tom

80

-90

ft. d

eep

(F)

3-4

ft. a

vg.

5-9

ft.

max

.(F)

Mud

(120

,300

cy

) Sa

nd

(1,2

00,7

00

cy) (

E)

19

80

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion

Mon

itore

d in

200

2 an

d it

look

s fin

e. (7

2)

• C

ores

take

n in

199

3 (3

.5 y

ears

la

ter)

show

ed c

ap in

tegr

ity o

ver

relo

cate

d se

dim

ents

in 8

0 ft.

of

wat

er (A

) •

Sim

ulta

neou

s with

the

Mud

Dum

p Si

te c

losu

re, t

he si

te a

nd v

icin

ity

will

be

rede

sign

ated

as t

he

His

toric

Are

a R

emed

iatio

n Si

te

(HA

RS)

•

A p

ortio

n of

HA

RS

will

be

rem

edia

ted,

with

app

roxi

mat

ely

1 m

of c

appe

d cl

ean

dred

ged

mat

eria

l (E)

- T

his s

ite is

now

con

side

red

part

of

the

HA

RS

and

calle

d th

e “f

orm

er

mud

dum

p si

te”.

(72)

A, E

, W

72

42

New

Yor

k M

ud D

ump

Cap

ping

Pro

ject

N

ew Y

ork,

New

Yor

k (C

AD

)

Trac

e di

oxin

O

pen

wat

er

sedi

men

t di

spos

al si

te

(500

,000

cy)

3.2

ft.

Cle

an sa

nd

19

93-1

994

• Lo

ng-te

rm m

onito

ring

bein

g co

nduc

ted

• En

gine

erin

g of

cap

co

nstru

ctio

n co

nsid

ered

a

succ

ess

Mon

itore

d in

200

2 an

d it

look

s fin

e. (7

2)

- Thi

s site

is n

ow c

onsi

dere

d pa

rt o

f th

e H

AR

S an

d ca

lled

the

“for

mer

m

ud d

ump

site

”. (

72)

D

72

43

His

toric

Are

a R

emed

iatio

n Si

te (H

AR

S)

(for

mer

Mud

Dum

p re

gion

)

PAH

s, PC

Bs,

DD

T, d

ioxi

n,

met

als

HA

RS

is 1

5 sq

. nau

tical

m

iles;

wat

er

dept

hs: 4

0 -

138

ft.

3.2

ft.

Rel

ativ

ely

clea

n dr

edge

d se

dim

ents

9.0

squa

re

naut

ical

mile

s (7

638

acre

s)

To b

e co

nstru

cted

St

arte

d in

19

97, l

arge

r ar

ea st

arte

d in

199

8 (7

2)

Mon

itore

d in

200

2 an

d it

look

s fin

e. (7

2)

Req

uire

d un

der p

ropo

sed

rule

in 4

0 C

FR 2

28

- Con

trov

ersi

al b

ecau

se d

redg

e m

ater

ial w

as u

sed

as c

ap m

ater

ial.

Cle

an m

ater

ial t

o be

add

ed, w

hich

w

ill c

ontin

ue fo

r 10

year

s with

the

goal

to c

over

with

at l

east

1.0

met

er

of c

lean

sand

ove

r the

ent

ire

HA

RS

area

(72)

LL, M

M

72

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

22

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

44

Mill

-Qui

nnip

iac

Riv

er

(MQ

R)

Con

nect

icut

(C

LIS

area

)

Met

als,

PAH

s Fl

at b

otto

m

~65

ft. d

eep

1.6

ft. (A

) 6-

10 ft

. avg

. (F

) 4.

9 ft.

as o

f 8/

91 (P

P)

9.8

ft. a

s of

9/93

(RR

, SS)

Silt

10.7

(e)

1981

-198

2 19

82-1

983

1993

-199

4 (S

S)

• D

ue to

slow

, ret

rogr

ade

reco

loni

zatio

n ra

tes,

core

s w

ere

colle

cted

in 1

991

-sh

owed

pre

senc

e of

PA

Hs i

n th

e ca

p (P

P)

• O

ne y

ear l

ater

, ben

thic

im

prov

emen

ts w

ere

note

d (Q

Q)

• In

Sep

t. 19

93, m

ore

cap

mat

eria

l was

pla

ced.

July

19

94 m

onito

ring

show

ed th

at

the

mou

nd h

eigh

t had

in

crea

sed

by a

noth

er 1

.5 m

, th

e di

amet

er h

ad n

ot c

hang

ed,

and

reco

loni

zatio

n ra

tes m

et

or e

xcee

ded

the

targ

eted

rate

s (R

R)

• Sm

all t

o m

oder

ate

pock

ets o

f co

nsol

idat

ion

near

the

apex

an

d SW

flan

k w

ere

note

d (S

S)

• PA

Hs w

ere

not i

nclu

ded

in th

e pr

otoc

ols i

n 19

82 w

hen

the

first

ca

p w

as p

lace

d. (P

AH

s wer

e in

clud

ed in

the

prot

ocol

star

ting

in

1989

). - A

2x1

nau

tical

mile

site

all

rece

ived

bat

hem

etry

in 2

002

whi

ch

cont

inue

s reg

ular

ly b

ut le

ss th

an

annu

ally

. Th

ere

does

not

app

ear t

o be

any

pro

blem

s. M

ore

mat

eria

l w

as a

dded

in th

e la

st 5

-7 y

ears

(67

)

A, F

, PP,

Q

Q, R

R, S

S 67

45

Nor

wal

k, C

onne

ctic

ut

(CLI

S ar

ea)

Met

als,

PAH

s Fl

at b

otto

m

~65

ft. d

eep

1.6

ft. (A

) up

to 6

-7 ft

. (F

)

Silt

19

81

• N

o pr

oble

ms

• R

outin

e m

onito

ring

- 200

2 ba

them

etry

surv

ey (6

7)

A, F

67

46

Cen

tral L

ong

Isla

nd

Soun

d D

ispo

sal S

ite (C

LIS)

Lo

ng Is

land

, New

Yor

k

PCB

s met

als,

oil &

gre

ase

Mul

tiple

se

dim

ent

disp

osal

m

ound

s

20 -4

1 cm

(A)

0.5

- 3 ft

. ty

pica

l (PP

, Q

Q, R

R, S

S)

Cou

rse

sand

an

d sh

ell

frag

men

ts

- var

ies i

n m

ater

ial a

nd

grai

n si

ze

(67)

Var

ies

- cap

are

a gr

owin

g (6

7)

1979

-198

3 (A

) C

ontin

ued

wel

l int

o th

e 19

90s (

SS)

and

prob

ably

st

ill a

ctiv

e

- stil

l act

ive

in

2004

(67)

• So

me

core

s sho

w u

nifo

rm

stru

ctur

e w

ith lo

w-le

vel

chem

ical

s and

oth

ers s

how

no

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n •

Som

e sl

umpi

ng n

oted

(A)

• A

s of 1

996,

no

evid

ence

of

parti

cle

re-s

uspe

nsio

n or

cap

er

osio

n; st

able

ben

thic

co

mm

uniti

es o

ver t

he

maj

ority

of s

tatio

ns sa

mpl

ed;

effe

cts o

f sea

sona

l hyp

oxia

re

cogn

ized

at o

ther

stat

ions

(S

S)

• Ex

tens

ive

corin

g st

udy

at m

ultip

le

mou

nds s

how

ed c

ap st

able

at

man

y lo

catio

ns

• Po

or re

colo

niza

tion

in m

any

area

s•

Mos

t cap

ele

vatio

n ch

ange

s due

to

cons

olid

atio

n, n

ot e

rosi

on

• Ea

rly 1

990

corin

g re

sults

indi

cate

th

at th

e ca

p la

yers

con

tinue

to

isol

ate

cont

amin

ants

from

wat

er

colu

mn

(B)

- 200

2 ba

them

etry

(67)

A, E

, PP,

Q

Q, R

R, S

S 67

47

Cap

Site

1

Con

nect

icut

(C

LIS

area

)

Met

als,

PAH

s G

ener

ally

flat

~6

0 ft.

dee

p 1.

6 ft.

Si

lt

1983

•

No

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n •

Cor

es c

olle

cted

in 1

990

- CLI

S A

rea

had

bath

emet

ry su

rvey

20

02 a

nd 2

003

(67)

A, F

67

48

Cap

Site

2

Con

nect

icut

(C

LIS

area

)

Met

als,

PAH

s G

ener

ally

flat

~5

6 ft.

dee

p 1.

6 ft.

(A)

0.6-

4.5

ft. (

F)

Sand

1983

•

Req

uire

d ad

ditio

nal c

ap

• O

ne o

f the

mor

e su

cces

sful

m

ound

s

• C

ores

col

lect

ed in

199

0 - C

LIS

Are

a ha

d ba

them

etry

surv

ey

2002

and

200

3 (6

7)

A, F

, FF

67

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

23

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

49

Expe

rimen

tal M

ud D

am

New

Yor

k (C

AD

) M

etal

s, PA

Hs

3.

3 ft.

Sa

nd

19

83

• N

o ch

emic

al m

igra

tion;

min

or

cap

eros

ion

(FF)

•

Cor

es c

olle

cted

in 1

990

- Tru

ly e

xper

imen

tal a

nd n

ot

cons

ider

ed a

site

. Lik

ely

now

par

t of

the

HA

RS

liste

d ab

ove

(#’s

41-

43) (

72)

A, F

F 72

50

New

Hav

en H

arbo

r N

ew H

aven

, Con

nect

icut

N

HA

V 9

3 (C

LIS

area

)

Met

als,

PAH

s G

ener

ally

flat

60

ft. d

eep;

pa

rt of

a

larg

e-sc

ale

CA

D p

roje

ct

1.6

ft. (A

) 1.

6 - 3

.2 ft

. (T

T)

Silt

50.0

acr

es

(UD

M d

epos

it its

elf)

and

70

- 124

acr

es

(tota

l mou

nd)

(est

imat

ed

from

Ref

. TT)

1993

-199

4 •

No

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n (A

) •

July

199

4 m

onito

ring

note

d no

maj

or to

pogr

aphi

c ch

ange

s an

d m

aint

enan

ce o

f min

imum

re

quire

d th

ickn

ess o

f 0.5

m

(ave

rage

thic

knes

s was

0.7

5 m

alo

ng m

argi

ns o

f the

UD

M

depo

sit,

and

1.25

m a

t cen

ter

(RR

) •

Targ

et re

colo

niza

tion

rate

s w

ere

met

or e

xcee

ded

in m

ost

area

s, ex

cept

for t

hree

; Sep

t. 19

94 te

sts d

emon

stra

ted

that

ca

p su

pple

men

tatio

n w

as n

ot

requ

ired

(RR

) •

Aug

. 199

5-Se

pt. 1

995

mon

itorin

g sh

owed

mod

erat

e am

ount

s of c

onso

lidat

ion

(0.2

5 m

ove

r mos

t of c

ap, a

nd

0.5

m n

ear c

ente

r); 1

996

mon

itorin

g no

ted

0.25

to 0

.75

m o

f con

solid

atio

n ov

er

maj

ority

of m

ound

with

littl

e ch

ange

in si

ze o

r sha

pe, a

nd

that

ben

thic

com

mun

ity

cont

inue

d to

reco

ver (

SS)

• Fr

om 1

984

to 1

992,

con

tam

inat

ed

sedi

men

ts w

ere

disp

osed

in 7

se

para

te m

ound

s tha

t wer

e lo

cate

d to

form

a ri

ng (U

U)

• In

199

3, se

dim

ents

from

New

H

aven

Har

bor a

nd fi

ve p

rivat

e m

arin

as w

ere

plac

ed in

the

mid

dle

of th

e rin

g an

d la

ter c

appe

d.

Sign

ifica

nt c

onso

lidat

ion

was

no

ted

befo

re c

appi

ng to

ok

plac

e(TT

)

• C

appi

ng w

as c

ompl

eted

by

Mar

. 19

94 (R

R)

- CLI

S A

rea

had

bath

emet

ry su

rvey

20

02 a

nd 2

003

(67)

- S

edim

ent p

rofil

es a

roun

d 20

00

show

ed th

e to

p 15

-20

cent

imet

ers

reco

veri

ng b

iolo

gica

lly b

ased

on

visu

al o

bser

vatio

ns o

f soi

l (67

)

A, F

F, R

R,

SS, T

T, U

U

67

51

CLI

S 94

Mou

nd

CLI

S A

rea

1.6

to 3

.2 ft

. D

redg

ed

mat

eria

l 43

acr

es(f

)

Jan.

199

5 to

M

ay 1

995

(UU

)

• Se

pt. 1

995

mon

itorin

g sh

owed

goo

d be

nthi

c re

cove

ry d

espi

te a

dded

stre

ss

of se

ason

al h

ypox

ia a

nd

rece

nt im

pact

of d

ispo

sal

(UU

) •

July

199

6 m

onito

ring

show

ed

cont

inue

d be

nthi

c re

cove

ry,

high

er d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

and

seve

ral p

ocke

ts o

f co

nsol

idat

ion

at a

pex

(0.2

5 to

0.

5 m

) (SS

)

• Th

is m

ound

form

s the

beg

inni

ng

of th

e se

cond

pla

cem

ent r

ing

whi

ch w

ill e

vent

ually

bec

ome

a C

AD

•

This

mou

nd c

ompl

etel

y en

velo

pes

the

CS-

90-1

mou

nd (U

U)

- Thi

s CLI

S A

rea

had

bath

emet

ry

surv

ey 2

002

and

2004

(67)

SS, U

U

67

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

24

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

52

CLI

S 95

Mou

nd

CLI

S A

rea

Sm

all,

capp

ed,

dred

ged

disp

osal

m

ound

5.2

ft.

(est

imat

ed

from

vol

ume

and

area

) (SS

)

Dre

dged

m

ater

ial

7.8

acre

s(g)

Sept

. 1, 1

995

(SS)

- And

199

6 (6

7)

• R

apid

reco

loni

zatio

n of

se

dim

ents

obs

erve

d (S

S)

• Sl

ight

ly ir

regu

lar s

hape

, due

to

botto

m sl

ope

and

dist

ribut

ion

of

capp

ing

mat

eria

l (SS

) •

The

CD

M:U

DM

ratio

is 3

.1:1

.0

(SS)

- M

ore

cap

mat

eria

l add

ed in

199

6 (6

7)

SS

67

53

Port

New

ark/

Eliz

abet

h Pr

ojec

t N

ew Y

ork

Met

als,

PAH

s, lo

w le

vels

of

diox

in (F

F)

5.

3 ft.

1

m

desi

gn(F

F)

Sand

19

8(b)

1993

•

No

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n - 2

002

Mon

itori

ng sh

ows t

he

cap

to b

e at

the

sam

e th

ickn

ess

with

no

prob

lem

s. (7

2)

• Ex

tens

ive

corin

g st

udy

A, F

F 72

54

52 S

mal

ler P

roje

cts

New

Eng

land

M

etal

s, PA

Hs

1.

6 ft.

Si

lt

1980

-199

5 •

No

chem

ical

mig

ratio

n •

Rou

tine

mon

itorin

g - c

appi

ng o

ngoi

ng in

200

4 (6

7)

A

67

55

New

Lon

don

Dis

posa

l Si

te, T

ham

es R

iver

, C

onne

ctic

ut

49

ft. d

eep

Irre

gula

r, 10

to

70

cm

Cle

an

sedi

men

t

19

88-1

989

C, F

F

56

S-90

-1 H

arbo

r V

illag

e/B

ranf

ord

Riv

er

(CLI

S ar

ea)

G

ener

ally

flat

60

ft. d

eep

Inco

mpl

ete

cove

rage

; se

vera

l di

stin

ct c

ap

mou

nds 0

.6 to

2

ft. th

ick

1989

-199

0

FF

57

Mas

sach

uset

ts B

ay

Dis

posa

l Site

M

assa

chus

etts

(D

emon

stra

tion)

- D

emon

stra

tion

of

capp

ing

(67)

90

mile

s dee

p;

22 n

aut.

mi

ENE

from

B

osto

n - 9

0 m

eter

s no

t mile

s (67

)

C

lean

se

dim

ent

19

98-2

000

(67)

- Dem

onst

ratio

n sh

owed

that

ca

ppin

g ca

n be

acc

ompl

ishe

d at

th

is d

epth

(67)

C 67

58

Portl

and

Dis

posa

l Site

Y

arm

outh

, Mai

ne

Met

als,

PAH

s 17

7 ft.

and

de

eper

Fine

-gra

ined

dr

edge

d se

dim

ent &

sa

ndy

mat

eria

l

O

ct. 1

991

to

June

199

2 •

Sedi

men

t che

mis

try d

ata

show

ed th

at th

e ca

p ef

fect

ivel

y is

olat

es

cont

amin

ants

- Irr

egul

ar m

onito

ring

. The

last

m

onito

ring

may

hav

e oc

curr

ed in

19

97 (6

7)

VV

67

59

Portl

and

Dis

posa

l Site

Y

arm

outh

, Mai

ne

(Dem

onst

ratio

n Pr

ojec

t)

Met

als,

PAH

s D

eep

wat

er

ocea

n di

spos

al si

te;

210

ft. d

eep

1.6

ft.

0.7

ft. (W

W)

1995

-199

7 (6

7)

• Pr

ojec

t sho

wed

that

dre

dged

m

ater

ial m

ay b

e ef

fect

ivel

y pl

aced

, cap

ped,

and

m

onito

red

at d

eep

wat

er

disp

osal

site

s (W

W)

• "A

tigh

tly c

ontro

lled,

clo

sely

m

onito

red

deep

-wat

er

dem

onst

ratio

n ca

ppin

g pr

ojec

t in

whi

ch c

lean

sedi

men

t was

cap

ped

with

20

cm o

f cle

an se

dim

ent"

(W

W)

II, W

W

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

25

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

60

Gen

eral

Mot

ors

Supe

rfun

d Si

te

St. L

awre

nce

Riv

er

Mas

sena

, New

Yor

k

PCB

s 11

-acr

e ne

ar

shor

e si

te;

dept

h of

rive

r at

cap

no

deep

er th

an 4

ft.

(XX

)

1.5

ft.

Sand

, gra

vel

and

arm

or

ston

e

1.7

acre

19

95

• In

199

9, a

rmor

ed c

ap

appe

ared

inta

ct w

ith m

inim

al

dist

urba

nce;

no

rout

ine

mai

nten

ance

requ

ired;

ho

wev

er, a

dditi

onal

arm

or

mat

eria

l add

ed in

199

8 to

re

stor

e m

inor

nea

rsho

re a

reas

(D

) •

The

cap

is w

orki

ng v

ery

wel

l, ba

sed

on y

early

insp

ectio

ns.

In th

e fir

st y

ear,

min

or re

pairs

w

ere

requ

ired

(mor

e fil

l roc

k)

(XX

)

• C

appi

ng u

sed

whe

re re

peat

ed

dred

ging

faile

d •

As o

f 199

6, c

ap h

as m

aint

aine

d its

in

tegr

ity a

s a w

hole

. D

irect

co

mpa

rison

of p

re-r

emed

iatio

n fis

h da

ta w

ith p

ost-r

emed

iatio

n da

ta is

com

plic

ated

by

unce

rtain

ties a

bout

col

lect

ion

loca

tions

for t

he p

re-r

emed

iatio

n fis

h. T

here

are

dat

a an

omal

ies.

(Z)

• W

ater

vel

ociti

es in

the

Riv

er

rang

e fr

om 2

.75

to 4

.42

ft/se

c (D

) •

Cap

con

sist

ed o

f san

d, a

ctiv

ated

ca

rbon

and

gra

vel (

24)

B, E

, Z, X

X,

24

61

Rey

nold

s Met

als C

o.

Mas

sena

, New

Yor

k PC

Bs,

PAH

s, le

ad, o

ther

or

gani

cs,

othe

r met

als

(60)

Nov

. 200

1 (5

9)

•

Mes

sage

left

with

EPA

Reg

ion

2 •

RO

D a

bstra

ct st

ates

that

unt

reat

ed

sedi

men

t and

trea

ted

resi

dual

s will

be

dis

pose

d on

site

in th

e B

lack

M

ud P

ond

and

that

the

Pond

will

be

cap

ped

59, 6

0

62

ALC

OA

G

rass

e R

iver

M

asse

na, N

ew Y

ork

(Pilo

t stu

dy)

PCB

s B

ackw

ater

to

St. L

awre

nce

Riv

er; a

ppro

x.

20 ft

. dee

p;

stud

y co

vere

d 75

0 ft.

sect

ion

(26)

Te

st

mat

eria

ls:

• 1:

1 sa

nd/to

psoi

l m

ixtu

re

• gr

anul

ated

be

nton

ite

(cla

y)

mat

eria

l •

Aqu

aBlo

k TM

(th

ese

3 te

st

mat

eria

ls

wer

e us

ed

alon

e or

in

com

bina

tion)

(2

6)

App

rox.

7.5

to

8 a

cres

(25)

July

9, 2

001

to O

ct. 1

9,

2001

• Ex

tens

ive

mon

itorin

g co

nduc

ted

prio

r to,

th

roug

hout

, and

afte

r the

ca

ppin

g pi

lot s

tudy

wor

k(26

) •

The

stud

y co

nclu

ded

that

a

cap

to c

over

the

PCB

-co

ntai

ning

sedi

men

ts c

an b

e su

cces

sful

ly c

onst

ruct

ed in

th

e Lo

wer

Gra

sse

Riv

er (2

6)

• O

ptim

al re

sults

ach

ieve

d w

ith

a 1:

1 sa

nd/to

psoi

l cap

app

lied

via

a cl

amsh

ell a

ttach

ed to

a

barg

e-m

ount

ed c

rane

(26)

•

Littl

e ap

pare

nt sh

ort-t

erm

im

pact

s not

ed d

urin

g pi

lot

proj

ect;

negl

igib

le w

ater

qu

ality

impa

cts;

mon

itorin

g w

ill c

ontin

ue in

200

2 (2

6)

• C

appi

ng w

ill b

e ca

rrie

d in

to

the

Feas

ibili

ty S

tudy

, bot

h si

ngly

, and

in c

ombi

natio

n w

ith o

ther

rem

edie

s (25

)

• C

appi

ng is

one

of t

he c

lean

up

alte

rnat

ives

bei

ng e

valu

ated

for

rem

edia

tion

of c

onta

min

ated

se

dim

ents

in th

e Lo

wer

Gra

sse

Riv

er

• Th

e st

udy

was

con

duct

ed to

bet

ter

unde

rsta

nd h

ow d

iffer

ent c

appi

ng

mat

eria

ls c

ould

be

inst

alle

d on

the

river

bot

tom

usi

ng v

ario

us

plac

emen

t tec

hniq

ues (

26)

• C

appi

ng w

as p

erfo

rmed

in tw

o ph

ases

: in

itial

"Tes

t Cel

l " to

test

po

tent

ial m

ater

ials

and

pla

cem

ent

tech

niqu

es; r

eal-t

ime

resu

lts fr

om

the

Test

Cel

ls w

ere

eval

uate

d an

d se

lect

cap

ping

tech

niqu

es a

nd

mat

eria

ls w

ere

then

use

d in

larg

er

"Pilo

t Cel

ls"

(26)

•

Stee

p si

de sl

opes

wer

e a

parti

cula

r co

ncer

n (2

5)

15, 2

5, 2

6

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

26

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

63

Mar

atho

n B

atte

ry

Supe

rfun

d Si

te

East

Fou

ndry

Cov

e M

arsh

C

old

Sprin

g, N

ew Y

ork

(cap

and

hab

itat

rest

orat

ion)

Cad

miu

m,

nick

el, c

obal

t Sh

allo

w

estu

arin

e

1-2

ft. c

over

so

il (1

1)

Ben

toM

at (1

in

. Ben

toni

te

clay

bet

wee

n 2

laye

rs o

f ge

otex

tiles

, m

ater

ial

expa

nds w

hen

wet

); 1

-2 ft

. of

cle

an fi

ll on

top

(11)

12 a

cres

(11)

A

pril

1995

(A

A)

• In

crea

ses i

n se

dim

ent C

d co

ncen

tratio

ns p

roba

bly

due

to c

yclic

floo

ding

of m

arsh

du

ring

high

tide

(D)

• Se

vera

l pro

blem

s exp

erie

nced

(e

.g.,

repl

antin

g di

ffic

ultie

s du

e to

ice

(in fi

rst y

ear,

bad

ice

flow

des

troye

d ca

ttails

), ge

ese

(whi

ch e

at th

e yo

ung

shoo

ts),

tida

l vel

ociti

es th

at

prev

ent s

eed

settl

ing)

(11

) •

Snow

fenc

es a

nd o

ther

m

easu

res i

mpl

emen

ted

(11)

• H

ighe

st c

onta

min

atio

n le

vels

in

East

Fou

ndry

Cov

e M

arsh

nea

r th

e pl

ant’s

form

er o

utfa

ll:

171,

000,

156

,000

and

6,7

00

mg/

kg fo

r Cd,

Ni,

and

Co,

re

spec

tivel

y (1

2)

• M

ean

Cd

conc

entra

tion:

27,

799

ppm

(D)

• Se

dim

ents

wer

e ex

cava

ted

(ave

rage

pos

t-exc

avat

ion

conc

entra

tion

was

app

rox.

25

ppm

fo

r Cd,

with

no

sam

ple

exce

edin

g 10

0 pp

m c

lean

up g

oal)

• Th

e ar

ea w

as su

bseq

uent

ly c

appe

d to

isol

ate

resi

dual

Cd

from

hy

drol

ogic

and

bio

logi

c pr

oces

ses,

and

to re

stor

e ha

bita

t (11

, 13)

D, A

A, 1

1,

12, 1

3

64

Rho

de Is

land

Sou

nd

a.k.

a. B

rent

on R

eef

Dis

posa

l Site

(67)

10

8-11

5 ft.

de

ep; <

0.5

ft/s

botto

m

curr

ents

Irre

gula

r, w

ith

som

e ba

ld

spot

s <17

.4 ft

.

Com

pact

ed

silts

and

sand

Late

196

0s

(67)

- One

of t

he fi

rst c

appi

ng si

tes (

67)

C

67

65

Bos

ton

Har

bor N

avig

atio

n Im

prov

emen

t Pro

ject

M

assa

chus

etts

(C

AD

)

Mul

tiple

M

ystic

Riv

er:

40 ft

. MLL

W

Che

lsea

C

reek

: 38

ft.

MLL

W

8+ ft

. tid

e (8

)

3 ft.

for e

ach

CA

D c

ell (

8)

Cle

an sa

nd

from

Cap

e C

od C

anal

2.4

acre

s (h)

1997

: 1

CA

D

Cel

l at C

onle

y Te

rmin

al

19

98-2

000:

7

CA

D c

ells

in

Mys

tic R

iver

, in

clud

ing

one

“Sup

er C

ell”

2000

-200

1: 1

C

AD

cel

l in

Che

lsea

Cre

ek

(8)

• K

ey le

sson

lear

ned:

allo

w th

e co

ntam

inat

ed m

ater

ials

to

cons

olid

ate

for s

ever

al

mon

ths o

r mor

e be

fore

ca

ppin

g (C

C)

• Lo

nges

t con

solid

atio

n pe

riod

was

200

day

s (8)

•

Oth

er le

sson

s lea

rned

: how

fa

r cel

ls c

ould

be

fille

d be

fore

ca

usin

g “s

lop

out”

(8)

• C

orps

orig

inal

ly p

lann

ed to

ha

ve 6

0 sh

allo

w c

ells

, no

deep

er th

an 2

0 ft.

eac

h, b

ut

mod

ified

pla

n to

hav

e fe

wer

, de

eper

cel

ls (s

ome

as d

eep

as

80 fe

et) (

8)

• 40

to 6

0 ft.

dee

p pi

ts d

ug to

co

ntai

n co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ents

•

The

Con

ley

Term

inal

CA

D c

ell

was

a te

st c

ase

and

Bos

ton’

s firs

t ca

ppin

g pr

ojec

t •

Bec

ause

ben

thic

com

mun

ity

retu

rned

with

out c

ap, t

hat C

AD

ce

ll w

as n

ot c

appe

d •

Less

ons l

earn

ed fr

om th

at si

te

wer

e ap

plie

d to

subs

eque

nt C

AD

ce

lls (8

) •

Che

lsea

Cre

ek C

AD

cel

l stil

l has

50

,000

cy

capa

city

to b

e fil

led,

so

will

pro

babl

y re

mai

n un

capp

ed fo

r 5

year

s •

A v

esse

l pas

sage

stud

y w

as

cond

ucte

d to

ens

ure

that

the

deep

est a

nd m

ost p

ower

ful s

hips

in

cha

nnel

wou

ld n

ot p

ull s

ilt o

ut-

CA

D c

ells

per

form

ed q

uite

wel

l in

test

s (8)

- B

athe

met

ry su

rvey

in 2

004,

and

pr

ior m

onito

ring

was

com

plet

ed

(67)

J, T,

CC

, H

H, J

J, 8

67

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

27

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

66

Upp

er A

cush

net R

iver

Es

tuar

y/

New

Bed

ford

Har

bor

Mas

sach

uset

ts

(pilo

t CA

D)

PCB

s, he

avy

met

als

Estu

ary;

pilo

t te

st si

te w

as

smal

l cov

e no

rth o

f C

ogge

shal

l St

. Brid

ge;

dept

h ra

nged

fr

om 0

.0 to

0.

5 ft.

(MLW

)

2 ft.

C

lean

se

dim

ent

prod

uced

du

ring

pilo

t st

udy

CA

D c

ell

mea

sure

d 18

0 ft.

by

140

ft.

(25,

200

sq.

ft., 0

.6 a

cre)

Jan.

198

9 to

Fe

b. 1

989

• A

naly

sis o

f six

sedi

men

t co

res t

aken

on

June

22,

198

9,

reve

aled

ele

vate

d le

vels

of

PCB

s in

the

surf

ace

laye

rs o

f se

dim

ent,

indi

catin

g th

at

capp

ing

effo

rts w

ere

unsu

cces

sful

. The

resu

lts

poin

ted

out t

he n

eed

for a

hi

gh d

egre

e of

con

trol o

n th

e po

sitio

ning

and

mov

emen

t of

the

disc

harg

e po

int w

ithin

the

CA

D c

ell.

The

posi

tion

of th

e di

ffus

er w

ithin

2 fe

et o

f the

co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ent l

ayer

m

ay h

ave

resu

lted

in a

mix

ing

of se

dim

ents

. A d

eepe

r CA

D

cell

wou

ld a

llow

the

diff

user

to

be

sepa

rate

d fr

om th

e co

ntam

inat

ed se

dim

ent l

ayer

w

hile

still

rem

aini

ng w

ithin

th

e co

nfin

es o

f the

cel

l.

• Th

e pi

lot s

tudy

eva

luat

ed th

ree

type

s of h

ydra

ulic

pip

elin

e dr

edge

s, an

d tw

o ty

pes o

f dis

posa

l m

etho

ds (C

AD

s and

CD

Fs)

• Th

e bo

ttom

ele

vatio

n of

the

CA

D

cell

was

app

rox.

-6 ft

. MLW

; W

ithin

the

180

ft. b

y 14

0 ft.

cro

ss

sect

ion,

a 5

0 ft.

by

50 ft

. sec

tion

had

botto

m e

leva

tion

of -8

ft.

MLW

•

Susp

ende

d se

dim

ent a

nd

cont

amin

ant l

evel

s wer

e el

evat

ed

in th

e vi

cini

ty o

f the

CA

D c

ell

com

pare

d to

bac

kgro

und

cond

ition

s and

oth

er p

hase

s of t

he

stud

y (a

silt

curta

in w

as n

ot in

use

du

ring

mon

itorin

g)

• A

stat

istic

ally

sign

ifica

nt in

crea

se

in c

onta

min

ant l

evel

s was

not

de

tect

ed a

t the

Cog

gesh

all S

treet

B

ridge

- D

redg

ing

star

ted

in 2

004.

Now

co

ncen

trat

ing

on d

redg

ing

and

not

capp

ing.

RO

D is

spec

ifyin

g dr

edgi

ng <

1 m

illio

n cu

bic

yard

s fo

r off

-site

dis

posa

l. 3

CD

Fs a

re

still

bei

ng c

onsi

dere

d. I

f the

re a

re

CD

Fs,

they

will

be

alon

g th

e sh

orel

ine

and

incl

ude

capp

ing

oper

atio

ns. (

68)

7 68

67

Prov

iden

ce R

iver

and

H

arbo

r Mai

nten

ance

D

redg

ing

(CA

D)

Var

ious

(6)

Cha

nnel

dep

th

35 to

43

ft.

now

(6)

Targ

et

thic

knes

s 1 ft

. m

inim

um;

3 ft.

des

ired

(6)

Suita

ble

sedi

men

ts

from

low

er in

th

e ch

anne

l (6

)

308

acre

s (6)

Po

ssib

ly N

ov.

2002

or s

prin

g or

sum

mer

20

03 (6

) Pr

ojec

t in

final

stag

es o

f co

nstr

uctio

n,

shou

ld b

e co

mpl

eted

in

2 m

onth

s (67

)

•

Five

CA

D c

ells

cur

rent

ly d

esig

ned

for t

he U

pper

Riv

er to

con

tain

1.2

m

illio

n cy

of d

redg

ed m

ater

ial

(sub

ject

to c

hang

e)

• EP

A is

“on

-boa

rd”

with

the

proj

ect

• EP

A c

omm

ents

of 1

0/01

pe

rtain

ing

to d

ilutio

n an

d m

ixin

g zo

ne w

ater

qua

lity

requ

irem

ents

(R

ef. K

) hav

e be

en a

ddre

ssed

; fin

al W

ater

Qua

lity

Cer

tific

atio

n is

pen

ding

- D

redg

ing

sinc

e 20

03 (6

7)

K, 6

67

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

28

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

68

Pine

Stre

et B

arge

Can

al

Bur

lingt

on, V

erm

ont

(ISC

)

PAH

s, m

etal

s, V

OC

s N

orth

ern

end

(turn

ing

basi

n) d

epth

is

8-10

ft.;

Sout

hern

end

de

pth

is 2

-3

ft.; p

ossi

bly

2 ft.

hig

her i

n sp

ring

(5)

Poss

ible

th

ickn

ess i

s 1.

5 to

2 ft

. if

sand

is u

sed;

if

geot

extil

e is

al

so u

sed,

th

ickn

ess m

ay

be le

ss (5

) - 1

.5 to

2 ft

. re

gard

less

in

final

in

stal

latio

n (6

9)

Sand

/silt

, with

or

with

out

geot

extil

e (5

) - A

lso

incl

uded

G

eogr

id (6

9)

5-6

acre

s of

affe

cted

can

al

sedi

men

ts a

nd

2-3

acre

s of

wet

land

s - F

inal

=3-8

ac

res w

etla

nd

4 ac

res

suba

queo

us

(69)

To b

e co

nstru

cted

; m

ay b

e co

mpl

ete

in

2003

(5)

C

ompl

eted

Ju

ly 2

004

(69)

• R

OD

spec

ifies

a c

ap (5

) - N

APL

leak

ing

on o

ne e

dge

surf

aced

alo

ng th

e ca

nal c

ap

edge

that

was

con

trol

led

by

exte

ndin

g ca

p be

yond

can

al

edge

s. Th

e N

APL

that

leak

ed

was

vac

uum

ed o

ff th

e ca

p. (6

9)

• O

rigin

al re

med

ial a

ctio

n re

quire

d dr

edgi

ng; l

ocal

opp

ositi

on, t

hen

publ

ic c

onse

nsus

, led

to

deve

lopm

ent o

f in-

situ

cap

ping

re

med

y - C

ap d

esig

n in

clud

ed a

geo

text

ile

unde

r eve

ryth

ing

and

a ge

ogri

d in

th

e ba

sin

and

cana

l. N

o ge

ogri

d in

th

e w

etla

nds (

69)

E, T

, 5

69

69

Hou

sato

nic

Riv

er, U

pper

1/

2 M

ile

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Site

Pi

ttsfie

ld, M

assa

chus

etts

PCB

s W

ater

dep

th

typi

cally

3-4

ft.

(can

rang

e fr

om 2

-10

ft.)

(YY

); av

erag

e flo

w 1

05 c

fs

(AA

)

1 ft.

silty

sa

nd; 1

ft.

arm

or st

one

(62)

Mul

ti-la

yer

river

cap

: ge

otex

tile,

si

lty sa

nd

with

>0.

5 %

TO

C,

geot

extil

e,

Geo

Grid

, ar

mor

ston

e (6

2)

poss

ibly

2-3

ac

res,

base

d on

dra

win

gs

in W

ork

Plan

(6

2)

Com

plet

ed

Sept

embe

r 20

02(7

0)

- Per

form

ing

wel

l bas

ed o

n on

goin

g m

onito

ring

(70)

•

Purp

ose

of c

ap/a

rmor

is to

pro

vide

a

chem

ical

and

phy

sica

l bar

rier

betw

een

the

resi

dual

PC

Bs (

afte

r re

mov

al o

f con

tam

inat

ed

sedi

men

t) an

d th

e ov

erly

ing

wat

er

(62)

•

A 1

2-in

ch th

ick

silty

sand

laye

r w

ith a

0.5

% T

OC

con

cent

ratio

n is

pr

opos

ed fo

r the

maj

ority

of t

he

area

; in

certa

in a

reas

, a 6

-inch

th

ick

silty

sand

laye

r will

be

inst

alle

d w

here

1.5

ft. s

edim

ent

rem

oval

s is p

ropo

sed;

an

18-in

ch

thic

k si

lty sa

nd la

yer w

ill b

e us

ed

in o

ne a

rea

whe

re d

eepe

r ex

cava

tion

is p

ropo

sed

(62)

- M

echa

nica

l exc

avat

ion

of 2

feet

fr

om b

ank

and

3 fe

et b

ank

soils

th

at w

as re

plac

ed w

ith 2

feet

of c

ap.

Vis

ual m

onito

ring

in 2

003

and

2004

. Cor

es p

lane

d af

ter 5

yea

rs =

20

07. (

70)

Y, A

A, Y

Y

70

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

29

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

70

Mes

ser S

treet

Gas

Pla

nt

Win

nipe

sauk

ee R

iver

La

coni

a, N

H

PAH

s D

epth

at

unde

rgro

und

phon

e ca

bles

10

-15

ft.

1 ft.

C

ours

e gr

avel

, si

mila

r to

on-

site

con

ditio

ns

<0.1

acr

e 20

00-2

001

• Pr

ojec

t wen

t wel

l •

Too

early

to id

entif

y an

y is

sues

•

Mon

itorin

g w

ill b

e co

nduc

ted

whe

re fr

ee p

rodu

ct w

as

rem

oved

and

sedi

men

t ex

cava

ted

- Ann

ual v

isua

l mon

itori

ng

from

div

ing

show

s tha

t the

cap

is

hol

ding

up

very

wel

l and

co

nsid

ered

a su

cces

s (71

)

• O

vera

ll de

sign

relie

d m

ore

on

exca

vatio

n th

an c

appi

ng

(“st

abili

zatio

n”)

• St

abili

zatio

n w

as u

sed

prim

arily

in

one

are

a w

here

bur

ied

tele

phon

e ca

bles

cro

ss th

e riv

er

• St

abili

zatio

n sp

ecifi

cally

not

use

d if

free

pro

duct

was

pre

sent

, are

a w

as su

bjec

t to

scou

r, or

dep

th w

as

less

than

10

ft.

• O

ther

isol

ated

por

tions

of t

he 1

8 se

para

te re

med

iatio

n ar

eas m

ay

have

use

d st

abili

zatio

n

4 71

71

Rah

way

Riv

er

Lind

en, N

ew Je

rsey

D

DT,

met

als

RC

RA

C

orre

ctiv

e A

ctio

n at

in

dust

rial

faci

lity

N

onw

oven

ge

otex

tile,

na

tive

sedi

men

t, sa

nd fi

lter

mat

eria

l, se

cond

ge

otex

tile

laye

r, rip

rap

arm

or

0.5

acre

• C

ap c

onst

ruct

ion

is c

ompl

ete

and

has r

ecei

ved

final

clo

sure

ap

prov

al

• M

essa

ge le

ft w

ith th

e N

JDEP

E

Oth

er D

omes

tic P

roje

cts

72

Low

er M

obile

Bay

A

laba

ma

(ISC

) pi

lot

O

pen

ocea

n th

in la

yer

disp

osal

1 ft.

m

axim

um

Silt

mai

nten

ance

dr

edge

d m

ater

ial

<10

acre

s 19

88

• Pr

e-, d

urin

g, a

nd p

ost-p

roje

ct

mon

itorin

g w

as c

ondu

cted

by

the

Mob

ile D

istri

ct (o

f US

AC

E), W

ES, a

nd E

PA

• M

otile

and

non

-mot

ile

orga

nism

impa

cts a

nd

reco

loni

zatio

n an

d w

ater

qu

ality

wer

e m

onito

red

• M

inim

al im

pact

s res

ulte

d,

and

orga

nism

leve

ls w

ere

at

pre-

proj

ect l

evel

s in

6 m

onth

s•

Proj

ect c

onsi

dere

d a

succ

ess

(16)

• En

ergy

sour

ces:

lon

g w

ind

fetc

h ac

ross

Mob

ile B

ay a

nd su

rfac

e w

ave

ener

gies

from

boa

ts a

nd

natu

ral c

ondi

tions

(16)

W, 1

6

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

30

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

73

Ana

cost

ia W

ater

shed

Pr

ince

Geo

rge’

s Cou

nty,

M

aryl

and

(pilo

t)

PCB

s, PA

Hs,

pest

icid

es,

met

als

15-2

0 ft.

de

pths

; nea

r sh

ore

site

with

he

avy

prop

elle

r w

ash

10,0

00 sq

.ft.

To b

e co

nstru

cted

(d

esig

n sh

ould

st

art t

his

sum

mer

)

• Fu

ll co

mm

itmen

t mad

e to

co

nduc

t pilo

t stu

dy

• B

ecau

se th

ere

are

a nu

mbe

r of

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

t site

s on

the

Ana

cost

ia R

iver

, the

ent

ire

wat

ersh

ed w

ill b

e ad

dres

sed

in it

s en

tiret

y, w

ith st

akeh

olde

r inp

ut

• Fi

nal r

emed

y an

ticip

ated

to b

e re

activ

e ca

p

14

74

Kop

pers

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite

Cha

rlest

on, S

outh

C

arol

ina

(I

SC)

PAH

s, pe

ntac

horo

- ph

enol

, tra

ce

diox

in, l

ead,

ar

seni

c

Ash

ley

Riv

er;

inte

rtida

l sy

stem

; 1,5

00

ft. re

ach;

cap

m

ostly

in

inte

rtida

l zo

ne; u

nder

6

ft. o

f wat

er a

t hi

gh ti

de (1

8)

1.5

ft.

min

imum

G

eote

xtile

an

d m

inim

um

of 1

8 in

. san

d (1

8)

3 ac

res (

18)

Dec

. 200

1 (1

8)

- Mon

itori

ng e

very

6 m

onth

s sh

ows t

hat t

he so

uthe

rn

port

ion

is b

eing

ero

ded

slow

ly

away

from

the

tide

actio

n, b

ut

this

is v

iew

ed a

s a m

inor

issu

e an

d re

pair

will

occ

ur w

ith ri

p ra

p. A

ll el

se is

wor

king

and

ve

geta

ting

wel

l on

its o

n (1

8)

• O

rigin

ally

, onl

y se

dim

ents

in th

e B

arge

Can

al w

ere

to b

e ca

pped

, an

d en

hanc

ed n

atur

al

sedi

men

tatio

n w

as to

be

used

in

the

Ash

ley

Riv

er

• D

ue to

pub

lic c

once

rn w

ith sh

eet

pile

s sur

roun

ding

pro

perty

acc

ess,

and

agen

cy’s

des

ire to

avo

id

dela

ys, E

PA d

ecid

ed to

cap

the

Ash

ley

Riv

er

• A

ppro

x. 2

ft. o

f sed

imen

t has

al

read

y na

tura

lly d

epos

ited

on th

e B

arge

Can

al, b

ut E

PA w

ill

cont

inue

to e

valu

ate

the

rem

edy

for t

he B

arge

Can

al (1

8)

• Se

dim

ents

in th

e B

arge

Can

al a

re

“mar

gina

lly to

xic”

(AA

)

AA

, 18

75

Cal

houn

Par

k/A

quar

ium

C

harle

ston

, Sou

th

Car

olin

a

PAH

s (f

orm

er c

oal

gas

man

ufac

tu-

ring

plan

t)

Coo

per R

iver

in

terti

dal a

rea;

po

rtion

abo

ve

wat

er li

ne a

t lo

w ti

de; a

po

rtion

co

ntin

ually

su

bmer

ged

(19)

3 ft.

C

lean

sand

0.

5 - 0

.75

acre

, es

timat

ed (1

9)

1996

•

Sand

cap

an

inte

rim m

easu

re,

not a

form

al re

med

y •

Som

e sc

ourin

g an

d m

ound

ing

note

d •

Ver

y dy

nam

ic e

nviro

nmen

t (1

9)

- Mon

itori

ng sh

ows t

hat s

ome

mai

nten

ance

is n

eede

d bu

t do

not k

now

how

muc

h ye

t (18

)

• A

n aq

uariu

m w

as p

ropo

sed

to b

e bu

ilt o

n th

e si

te. T

o av

oid

resu

spen

sion

of P

AH

s dur

ing

cons

truct

ion

of 3

00 p

iling

s, 3

ft.

of c

lean

sand

was

firs

t lai

d (w

ithou

t geo

text

ile) (

18)

• Ec

olog

ical

risk

ass

essm

ent

war

rant

s fur

ther

eva

luat

ion

of

form

al re

med

y, a

lthou

gh

aqua

rium

and

Nat

iona

l Par

k Se

rvic

e bo

at d

ock

pres

ent p

hysi

cal

cons

train

ts (1

9)

- Stil

l dis

cuss

ing

addi

tion

of m

ore

capp

ing

but n

one

adde

d ye

t sin

ce

cons

truc

tion

(18)

18, 1

9

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

31

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

76

War

d C

ove

Ket

chik

an, A

lask

a (th

in-la

yer c

appi

ng)

Am

mon

ia,

sulfi

de, a

nd 4

-m

ethy

lphe

nol

(AA

) (g

ener

ated

in

plac

e fr

om

exis

ting

cont

ami-

natio

n)

Dee

p es

tuar

y,

1 m

i. lo

ng &

0.

5 m

i wid

e;

wat

er d

epth

at

prop

osed

ca

ppin

g ar

eas:

-1

0 to

-110

ft.

MLL

W (A

A)

Ver

y so

ft or

gani

c se

dim

ents

; 80

-acr

e A

OC

(X

)

0.5

- 1 ft

. 0.

5 -0

.75

ft.

(X)

Cle

an sa

nd

from

upl

and

borr

ow so

urce

(1

0)

27 a

cres

(10)

Fe

b. 2

001

• A

ll se

dim

ent t

arge

ted

for

capp

ing

was

cov

ered

by

a th

in-la

yer c

ap (1

0)

• Th

e pr

ojec

t wen

t ver

y sm

ooth

ly; t

he A

OC

will

be

sam

pled

eve

ry th

ird Ju

ly o

r un

til re

med

ial o

bjec

tives

are

ac

hiev

ed (1

) •

Con

tract

or h

ad to

ver

ify th

at

cap

was

pro

perly

pla

ced

(10)

•

Firs

t mon

itorin

g ev

ent w

ill

take

pla

ce in

200

4 (c

hem

ical

m

onito

ring

and

bioa

ssay

s will

be

con

duct

ed) (

10)

• Le

sson

s lea

rned

: (1)

pos

sibl

e to

pla

ce u

nifo

rm c

ap o

n so

ft se

dim

ents

with

cla

msh

ell,

(2)

use

a tri

al a

nd e

rror

app

roac

h,

(3) s

ucce

ss w

hen

a cl

ose

owne

r/con

tract

or/re

gula

tor

wor

king

rela

tions

hip

is in

pl

ace

to a

llow

fiel

d m

odifi

catio

ns to

mee

t cle

an-

up o

bjec

tives

(X)

• O

rigin

ally

, 21

acre

s wer

e go

ing

to

be c

over

ed b

y a

thin

cap

and

5 ft

. of

mou

ndin

g w

ould

be

used

on

anot

her 6

acr

es.

The

mou

nd

capp

ing

was

not

requ

ired

sinc

e th

in-la

yer c

aps c

ould

be

supp

orte

d by

the

sedi

men

t.

• N

atur

al re

cove

ry w

as u

sed

whe

re

capp

ing

was

infe

asib

le, o

n 53

ac

res o

f the

site

(10)

•

The

thin

laye

r cap

pro

vide

s a

clea

n su

bstra

te fo

r rec

olon

izat

ion

of th

e be

nthi

c co

mm

unity

(10)

- S

tren

gth

test

said

that

the

soft

sedi

men

ts c

ould

not

hol

d th

e sa

nd

cap,

and

the

6-12

inch

es o

f san

d w

ould

fall

thou

gh, b

ut v

isua

l in

spec

tion

show

s the

sand

to b

e in

pl

ace.

Jul

y 20

04 sa

mpl

ing

of

sedi

men

t che

mis

try,

bio

assa

y, a

nd

faun

a. T

he m

onito

ring

repo

rt is

ex

pect

ed to

be

final

in D

ecem

eber

20

04 (1

0)

X, A

A, 1

, 10

77

Eagl

e R

iver

Fla

ts

Fort

Ric

hard

son

Arm

y B

ase

Anc

hora

ge, A

lask

a (p

ilot a

nd fo

llow

-up

stud

y)

Whi

te

phos

phor

us

Estu

arin

e sa

lt m

arsh

nex

t to

form

er a

rmy

firin

g ra

nge

3 to

4 in

ch

laye

r (42

) H

ydra

ted

Aqu

aBlo

kTM

1.2

acre

(199

4 st

udy)

19

93 (p

ilot)

1

994

(def

initi

ve

stud

y)

• Th

e A

quaB

lokTM

im

med

iate

ly a

nd si

gnifi

cant

ly

redu

ced

the

mor

talit

y of

the

duck

test

pop

ulat

ion

(42)

•

Afte

r one

yea

r, th

e tre

ated

ar

ea b

ecam

e re

vege

tate

d an

d su

ppor

ted

bent

hic

life

(42)

•

Afte

r fou

r yea

rs o

f exp

osur

e to

ext

rem

e te

mpe

ratu

re a

nd

tidal

influ

ence

s, th

e tre

ated

ar

ea re

mai

ns c

appe

d (4

2)

• D

ata

colle

cted

to d

ate

indi

cate

s tha

t Aqu

aBlo

kTM

show

s pro

mis

e fo

r red

ucin

g w

ater

fow

l mor

talit

y fr

om

whi

te p

hosp

horo

us p

oiso

ning

(4

3)

• H

igh

wat

erfo

wl m

orta

lity

was

ob

serv

ed in

ear

ly 1

980s

and

trac

ed

to in

gest

ion

of w

hite

pho

spho

rus-

impa

cted

sedi

men

ts

• 19

93 p

ilot s

tudy

indi

cate

d th

at th

e sy

stem

cou

ld re

duce

mor

talit

y of

fo

ragi

ng w

ater

fow

l (43

) •

Def

initi

ve st

udy

cond

ucte

d in

19

94 to

eva

luat

e th

e lo

ngev

ity o

f th

e sy

stem

and

mea

sure

its e

ffec

ts

on w

ater

fow

l for

agin

g be

havi

or

and

mor

talit

y (4

3)

42, 4

3

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

32

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

78

Eagl

e R

iver

Fla

ts

Fort

Ric

hard

son

Arm

y B

ase

Anc

hora

ge, A

lask

a (f

ull-s

cale

)

Whi

te

phos

phor

us

Estu

arin

e sa

lt m

arsh

nex

t to

form

er a

rmy

firin

g ra

nge

•

Pref

erre

d re

med

iatio

n m

etho

d in

O

ct. 1

998

RO

D is

to te

mpo

raril

y dr

ain

pond

s to

allo

w th

e po

nd

sedi

men

ts to

dry

out

and

allo

w

whi

te p

hosp

horo

us to

subl

imat

e an

d ox

idiz

e ov

er a

five

yea

r pe

riod,

and

then

cap

and

fill

area

w

ith A

quaB

lokTM

whe

re w

hite

ph

osph

orou

s exp

osur

e re

mai

ns a

co

ncer

n (4

4)

• A

quaB

lokTM

wou

ld o

nly

be

appl

ied

to sm

all,

deep

por

tions

of

pond

bot

tom

s and

wou

ld n

ot

sign

ifica

ntly

cha

nge

over

all p

ond

dept

hs o

r fee

ding

hab

itat (

44)

44

79

Nom

e, A

lask

a (C

AD

)

Har

bor d

epth

20

ft.

4 ft.

1 ac

re

• Sm

all p

roje

ct si

mila

r to

One

Tre

e Is

land

, in

whi

ch c

onta

min

ated

su

rfac

e la

yer w

as d

ug u

p an

d de

posi

ted

in C

AD

cel

l.

• A

ppro

x. 3

5,00

0 cy

of m

ater

ial

plac

ed in

CA

D c

ell

21

80

ALC

OA

(P

oint

Com

fort)

/Lav

aca

Bay

Site

Po

int C

omfo

rt, T

exas

(th

in la

yer c

appi

ng)

Mer

cury

Tida

l-es

tuar

ine;

al

way

s un

derw

ater

; w

ater

dep

th

appr

ox. 6

-8 ft

.

0.5

ft.

- 1.0

foot

(20

Hop

ing

to

find

a ne

w

clay

mat

eria

l; po

ssib

le u

se

of d

redg

e sp

oils

from

fe

dera

lly

mai

ntai

ned

chan

nel

50 a

cres

es

timat

ed

RO

D si

gned

in

Dec

. 200

1;

cons

truct

ion

may

star

t in

Dec

. 200

2 - N

ow J

une

2005

, stil

l w

orki

ng o

n C

onse

nt

Dec

ree

(20)

•

Rem

edy

will

incl

ude

dred

ging

, ca

ppin

g, a

nd n

atur

al re

cove

ry

• Th

in la

yer c

ap w

ill b

e us

ed to

ac

cele

rate

nat

ural

sedi

men

tatio

n •

Fina

l des

ign

not c

ompl

ete

• M

odel

ing

of C

ateg

ory

5 hu

rric

ane

indi

cate

d w

et d

epos

ition

, not

ex

posu

re o

f dee

per s

edim

ent

- In

Janu

ary

2002

, 200

,000

cub

ic

yard

s of d

redi

ng w

hich

is n

ow

com

plet

e. n

The

final

des

ign

is a

lso

com

plet

e (2

0)

20

81

Hom

este

ad A

ir Fo

rce

Bas

e O

utfa

ll C

anal

(OU

-11

) Fl

orid

a

PAH

s, m

etal

s (2

) C

anal

app

rox.

40

-50

ft.

wid

e, 1

mile

lo

ng a

nd 1

0 ft.

de

ep (2

)

Poss

ibly

2 ft

. (2

) Po

ssib

le:

conc

rete

-in

ject

ed

fabr

ic, u

nder

ge

otex

tile

mat

, und

er

clea

n se

dim

ent f

or

plan

t gro

wth

(2

)

In

the

Prop

osed

Pla

n st

age

of

Supe

rfun

d (2

)

• Th

e ca

ppin

g re

med

y ha

s bee

n ap

prov

ed b

y th

e A

ir Fo

rce,

EP

A, t

he S

tate

and

Dur

ham

C

ount

y (3

)

• Ex

tens

ive

stor

m w

ater

con

veya

nce

syst

em o

f can

als a

nd sw

ales

tra

nspo

rts th

e co

ntam

inan

ts to

the

Can

al

• C

anal

dis

char

ges s

torm

wat

er to

B

isca

yne

Nat

iona

l Par

k, h

ence

the

urge

ncy

to a

ddre

ss th

e se

dim

ents

w

hich

app

ear t

o ha

ve d

amag

ed

flora

and

faun

a ad

jace

nt to

the

mou

th o

f Out

fall

Can

al (2

)

2, 3

Inte

rnat

iona

l Pro

ject

s

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

33

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

82

Rot

terd

am H

arbo

r N

ethe

rland

s (C

AD

)

Oils

W

ater

dep

th

16 -

39 ft

. (A

) 2-

3 ft.

Si

lt/C

lay

sedi

men

ts

Est.

min

imum

of

16.

3 ac

res(i)

1984

•

No

avai

labl

e m

onito

ring

data

•

Gro

undw

ater

pol

lutio

n w

as a

po

tent

ial c

once

rn so

site

was

line

d w

ith c

lay

prio

r to

sedi

men

t di

spos

al a

nd c

appi

ng

A, F

, FF

83

Am

ster

dam

N

ethe

rland

s (C

AD

)

H

arbo

r ba

sins

; m

ultip

le

CA

Ds

KK

84

Ijmui

den

(Ave

rijha

ven)

N

ethe

rland

s (C

AD

)

Ti

dal w

ater

s at

ent

ranc

e to

th

e N

orth

Sea

; 1

CA

D

KK

85

Ijmui

den

(Am

erik

ahav

en)

Net

herla

nds

(CA

D)

N

on-ti

dal

wat

ers i

n m

ain

port

area

; 1 C

AD

KK

86

Julia

naka

naal

N

ethe

rland

s (C

AD

)

Sh

ippi

ng

chan

nel

•

Dee

p pi

ts in

this

cha

nnel

wer

e us

ed fo

r dis

posa

l of c

onta

min

ated

se

dim

ents

from

the

Riv

er M

aas

KK

87

Eitrh

eim

Bay

N

orw

ay

Met

als

Wat

er d

epth

up

to 1

0 m

Geo

text

ile

and

gabi

ons

100,

000

m2

B

88

Kih

ama

Inne

r Lak

e Ja

pan

(I

SC)

Nut

rient

s 3

site

s 5

and

20 c

m

Fine

sand

3,

700

m2

B

, C

89

Aka

noi B

ay

Japa

n N

utrie

nts

3.9

ft. d

eep;

2

site

s 20

cm

Fi

ne sa

nd

20,0

00 m

2

B

, C

90

Hiro

shim

a B

ay

Japa

n

(ISC

)

W

ater

dep

th

70 ft

. 5.

3 ft.

Sa

nd w

ith

shel

l

1983

•

No

avai

labl

e da

ta

A

91

Hiro

shim

a B

ay-P

hase

1

Japa

n

50

cm

Sa

nd

19,2

00 m

2

1979

B

92

Hiro

shim

a B

ay-P

hase

2

Japa

n

30

cm

Sa

nd

44,1

60 m

3

1980

B

93

Lake

Biw

a Ja

pan

20 c

m

Sand

22

,000

m2

B

94

Mat

sush

ima

Bay

Ja

pan

In

clud

ed

dred

ging

30

cm

Sa

nd

675

m2

B

95

Min

ami-k

o Ja

pan

20 c

m

Sand

C

96

Ura

nouc

hi B

ay

Japa

n

20-6

0 ft.

dee

p 15

-20

cm

Sand

17

,400

m2

B

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

34

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

97

Suon

ada

Bay

Ja

pan

3-

16 ft

. dee

p 30

-50

cm

Sand

15

,900

m2

1986

-198

7

B

98

Mik

awa

Bay

Ja

pan

40-1

00 c

m

Sand

14

,100

m2

B

99

Tsud

a B

ay

Japa

n

33-4

9 ft.

dee

p 50

cm

Sa

nd

418,

000

m2

1991

-199

3

B

100

Gok

asho

Bay

Ja

pan

20 c

m

Sand

10

6,90

0 m

2

B

101

Uw

ajim

a B

ay

Japa

n

20

cm

Sa

nd

46,8

00 m

2

B

102

Min

imat

a Si

te

Japa

n M

ercu

ry

2.

8 m

G

eote

xtile

sh

eets

, tw

o ty

pes o

f san

d

B

103

Bel

gium

(C

AD

)

T

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

35

Perf

orm

ance

C

omm

ents

D

ate

Che

mic

als o

f Si

te

Des

ign

Se

dim

ent P

roje

ct

Con

cern

C

ondi

tions

T

hick

ness

C

ap M

ater

ial

Cap

Are

a C

onst

ruct

ed

Ref

eren

ces

104

East

Sha

Cha

u C

onta

min

ated

Mud

Pits

H

ong

Kon

g (C

AD

)

Var

ied

dom

estic

and

in

dust

rial

pollu

tant

s, pa

rticu

larly

m

etal

lic

radi

cals

(c

oppe

r and

ch

rom

ium

)

3

m m

inim

umPi

ts I-

III:

Initi

al

plac

emen

t: ~1

m sa

nd,

then

~2m

cl

ean

capp

ing

mud

One

yea

r lat

er

afte

r pit

infil

l se

ttlin

g:

anot

her 1

-2m

cl

ean

mud

to

brin

g ca

p ba

ck to

leve

l of

su

rrou

ndin

g se

abed

(55)

Pit I

V: 6

m -

8m

Pits

I-II

I: 57

0 ac

res(j)

Pi

t IV

: 50

0 ac

res(j)

Pits

I-II

I: D

ec.

1992

to D

ec.

1997

Pit I

V:

begi

nnin

g in

D

ec. 1

997

• In

depe

nden

t rev

iew

s of

resu

lts in

dica

te a

bsen

ce o

f ad

vers

e an

d/or

cum

ulat

ive

impa

cts,

incl

udin

g ris

ks to

pu

blic

hea

lth a

nd e

colo

gy,

and

conc

lude

that

the

disp

osal

pr

ogra

m h

as e

ffec

tivel

y is

olat

ed c

onta

min

ants

from

th

e m

arin

e en

viro

nmen

t (55

) •

The

Envi

ronm

enta

l Im

pact

A

sses

smen

t stu

dy fo

r CM

P-

IV d

eter

min

ed th

at e

ven

thou

gh th

e pi

t wou

ld h

ave

larg

er su

rfac

e ar

ea th

an

prev

ious

CM

Ps, u

nacc

epta

ble

envi

ronm

enta

l im

pact

s wou

ld

be u

nlik

ely

as lo

ng a

s the

m

axim

um b

ackf

ill le

vel i

s lim

ited

to -1

4m P

D. W

hile

a

cap

of 3

m w

ould

be

resi

stan

t to

ero

sion

und

er e

xtre

me

stor

m e

vent

s, th

ere

is sp

ace

abov

e th

e 3m

cap

for

plac

emen

t of a

bout

5 m

of

addi

tiona

l cle

an m

ater

ial

givi

ng a

fina

l cap

thic

knes

s of

6-8m

(55)

•

Use

fuln

ess o

f san

d ca

p la

yer

as p

art o

f CM

P-IV

was

re-

asse

ssed

and

det

erm

ined

to b

e un

nece

ssar

y be

caus

e th

e m

ud

cap

laye

rs w

ill b

e pl

aced

by

hydr

aulic

met

hods

and

be

caus

e co

sts d

on't

appe

ar to

be

war

rant

ed -

earli

er c

aps

alw

ays a

reve

aled

a d

istin

ct

boun

dary

bet

wee

n cl

ean

and

cont

amin

ated

mud

(55)

• Pi

ts d

esig

ned

to m

axim

ize

capa

city

whi

le m

inim

izin

g af

fect

ed se

abed

are

a (5

5)

• D

ec. 1

992

to D

ec. 1

997:

thre

e pi

ts

used

[CM

P I,

CM

P II

a-d,

and

C

MP

IIIa

-d] -

thes

e pi

ts w

ere

dred

ged

to b

ase

of th

e so

ft m

arin

e de

posi

ts, n

orm

ally

abo

ut 1

5 m

be

low

seab

ed (5

5)

• D

esig

n pr

oces

s eva

luat

ed e

ffec

ts

of st

orm

-indu

ced

shea

r stre

ss

durin

g a

seas

onal

typh

oon

for

unca

pped

pits

and

com

plet

ed c

ap;

poss

ibili

ty o

f rem

obili

zatio

n an

d lo

ss o

f con

tam

inat

ed se

dim

ent

was

ver

y lo

w if

fille

d de

pth

was

lim

ited

to 9

m b

elow

sea

leve

l; ge

ophy

sica

l sur

veys

show

ed

max

imum

nat

ural

scou

r to

be

~1m

, so

3m c

ap th

ickn

ess u

sed

(55)

•

Des

ign

cap

also

pre

clud

es

burr

owin

g or

gani

sms a

nd a

ncho

rs

of sh

allo

w d

raft

ship

s fro

m

brea

chin

g th

e ca

p (5

5)

• A

fter D

ec. 1

997:

CM

P-IV

use

d;

thes

e w

ere

exha

uste

d m

arin

e sa

nd

borr

ow p

its w

ith e

stim

ated

vo

lum

e of

30

Mm

3 exp

ecte

d (5

5)

• C

apac

ity in

the

4th

pit w

ill b

e ex

haus

ted

in la

te 2

007

(56)

or

2003

at l

east

(55)

•

New

CA

D si

tes a

re b

eing

co

nsid

ered

(BB

, 56)

•

22 M

m3 d

ispo

sed

of fr

om D

ec.

1992

to a

ppro

x. Ja

n. 2

001

(BB

); 40

Mm

3 exp

ecte

d by

200

3 (5

5)

T, B

B, 5

5,

56

105

Lake

Sch

wel

volle

rt Tr

ebni

tz, G

erm

any

(ISC

)

Phen

ols,

amm

oniu

m,

PAH

s

Form

er o

pen

min

ing

pit;

89

ft. d

eep

max

.; 9

hect

ares

DD

, EE

106

Swed

en

(ISC

)

T

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

36

Dat

e C

hem

ical

s of

Site

D

esig

n

Sedi

men

t Pro

ject

C

once

rn

Con

ditio

ns

Thi

ckne

ss

Cap

Mat

eria

lC

ap A

rea

Con

stru

cted

Pe

rfor

man

ce

Com

men

ts

Ref

eren

ces

107

Lake

Tur

inge

n

Swed

en

(pilo

t ISC

)

Mer

cury

19

7 ac

re la

ke,

with

m

axim

um

dept

h of

10

m 3

cm g

el

(Vat

tenr

esur

s A

B p

roce

ss)

Prop

rieta

ry

gel m

ater

ial

("ar

tific

ial

sedi

men

t")

52

108

Lake

Tur

inge

n Sw

eden

(f

ull s

cale

)

Mer

cury

(f

rom

pap

er

mill

rele

ases

fr

om 1

946-

1966

)

197

acre

lake

, w

ith

max

imum

de

pth

of 1

0 m

(5

2)

Phas

e 1:

cap

- no

t spe

cifie

d Ph

ase

2 ca

p: 5

cm

(~2

in.)

(52)

Phas

e 1

cap:

ge

otex

tile

and

"sui

tabl

e cl

ean

tech

nolo

gica

l m

ater

ial"

(53)

Phas

e 2

cap:

pr

oprie

tary

ge

l mat

eria

l ("

artif

icia

l se

dim

ent"

) (5

2)

Phas

e 1

cap:

no

t spe

cifie

d Ph

ase

2 ca

p:

198

acre

s (52

)

Phas

e 2

cap:

to

be

com

plet

ed in

la

te a

utum

n 20

02 (5

2)

•

Phas

e 1:

dre

dge

sedi

men

ts fr

om

the

final

reac

hes o

f Riv

er

Turin

gen

chan

nel a

nd se

ctio

n of

La

ke T

urin

gen

just

out

side

of

mou

th o

f riv

er; "

clea

n" se

vera

l sh

allo

w a

reas

of t

he la

ke n

ear

river

mou

th; s

poils

to b

e re

depo

site

d un

derw

ater

in th

e so

uthe

rn p

art o

f the

lake

; cap

non

-dr

edge

d ar

eas o

f the

lake

nea

r the

riv

er m

outh

(53)

•

Phas

e 2:

cap

the

"rem

aini

ng

accu

mul

atio

n in

the

lake

bot

tom

s w

ith a

rtific

ial g

el"

(53)

•

Vat

tenr

esur

s AB

in S

wed

en

pate

nted

the

Phas

e 2

capp

ing

met

hod

(52)

•

Rac

eway

test

ing

show

s Pha

se 2

ca

p ca

n m

anag

e cu

rren

t of 0

.3 m

/s

(52)

52, 5

3

109

Sørf

jord

en S

ite

Nor

way

Zi

nc, l

ead

(54)

(C

once

ntra

-tio

ns o

f m

etal

s in

sedi

men

t ex

ceed

ed 1

0%

zinc

and

0.9

%

lead

) (54

)

Smal

l bay

ne

ar z

inc

fact

ory;

wat

er

dept

h

< 33

ft.

30-6

0 cm

(B)

30 c

m sa

nd

over

pe

rmea

ble

mem

bran

e (5

4)

Non

wov

en

geom

embr

ane

and

wov

en

poly

este

r ge

otex

tile

and

sand

(B)

17.3

acr

es

(54)

• C

appi

ng w

as se

lect

ed b

ecau

se

of fe

ars o

f gro

ss

cont

amin

atio

n du

ring

dred

ging

and

lack

of s

afe

area

s to

depo

sit s

poils

; the

in

dust

rial w

aste

in b

ay is

a

very

sign

ifica

nt so

urce

of

pollu

tion;

the

cont

amin

ated

m

ater

ial a

t the

shor

elin

e is

ex

pose

d to

tide

s and

wav

es

and

is c

ontin

ually

ero

ded

and

resu

spen

ded;

dur

ing

stor

my

wea

ther

the

entir

e ba

y ha

s be

en c

olor

ed re

d (5

4)

• Th

e ca

p w

ill b

e us

ed in

co

mbi

natio

n w

ith a

pile

d w

all

near

shor

e (5

4)

• Th

e sa

ndy

laye

r on

top

of th

e m

embr

ane

is m

eant

to p

rote

ct th

e m

embr

ane,

to a

dsor

b so

me

of th

e co

ntam

inan

ts th

at a

re tr

ansp

orte

d th

roug

h th

e m

embr

ane,

and

to

arra

nge

for r

ecol

oniz

atio

n of

or

gani

sms;

the

mem

bran

e w

ill

prev

ent b

iotu

rbat

ion

into

the

cont

amin

ated

sedi

men

ts a

nd

eros

ion

of th

e se

dim

ents

dur

ing

stor

my

wea

ther

(54)

B, 5

4

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

37

NO

TE

S A

. R

efer

ence

s in

the

Dra

ft F

easi

bilit

y St

udy

Ver

sion

(Ref

. A):

EPA

, 199

8, M

anis

tique

Riv

er/H

arbo

r AO

C D

raft

Res

pons

iven

ess S

umm

ary,

Sec

tion

4: I

n-pl

ace

Con

tain

men

t at O

ther

Site

s. S

ent b

y Ji

m H

ahne

nber

g of

Uni

ted

Stat

es E

nviro

nmen

tal P

rote

ctio

n A

genc

y R

egio

n 5

and

Ed L

ynch

of W

isco

nsin

Dep

artm

ent o

f Nat

ural

Res

ourc

es o

n Se

ptem

ber 2

5, 1

998.

SA

IC, 1

996.

Yea

r 11

Mon

itorin

g of

the

Duw

amis

h C

AD

Site

, Sea

ttle,

Was

hing

ton.

Rep

ort p

repa

red

for t

he U

nite

d St

ates

Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

, Sea

ttle

Dis

trict

by

Scie

nce

App

licat

ions

Inte

rnat

iona

l C

orpo

ratio

n, B

othe

ll, W

ashi

ngto

n.

Sum

eri,

A.,

1984

. Cap

ped

in-w

ater

dis

posa

l of c

onta

min

ated

dre

dged

mat

eria

ls:

Duw

amis

h W

ater

way

site

. In

: Pro

ceed

ings

of t

he C

onfe

renc

e D

redg

ing

‘84,

Dre

dgin

g an

d D

redg

ed M

ater

ial D

ispo

sal,

Vol

ume

2. U

nite

d St

ates

Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

, Sea

ttle

Was

hing

ton.

Tr

uitt,

C.L

., 19

86.

The

Duw

amis

h W

ater

way

Cap

ping

Dem

onst

ratio

n Pr

ojec

t: E

ngin

eerin

g A

naly

sis a

nd R

esul

ts o

f Phy

sica

l Mon

itorin

g. F

inal

Rep

ort.

Tech

nica

l Rep

ort D

-86-

2. U

nite

d St

ates

Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

Wat

erw

ays E

xper

imen

t Sta

tion,

Vic

ksbu

rg, M

issi

ssip

pi, M

arch

. B

. R

efer

ence

s:

A:

App

endi

x D

of t

he D

raft

Fox

Rive

r Fea

sibi

lity

Stud

y, T

herm

oRet

ec, O

ctob

er 2

001.

At w

ww

.dnr

.stat

e.w

i.us/

org/

wat

er/w

m/lo

wer

fox/

rifs/

fs/a

ppen

dixd

.pdf

B

: As

sess

men

t and

Rem

edia

tion

of C

onta

min

ated

Sed

imen

ts (A

RCS)

Pro

gram

, Gui

danc

e fo

r In-

Situ

Sub

aque

ous C

appi

ng o

f Con

tam

inat

ed S

edim

ents

, U.S

. EPA

, Dec

embe

r 199

8. A

t w

ww

.epa

.gov

/gln

po/s

edim

ent/i

scm

ain/

inde

x.ht

ml

C:

Inte

rnal

sum

mar

y ta

ble

prov

ided

by

D. R

eibl

e an

d G

. Kirk

patri

ck

D:

App

endi

x B

of t

he D

raft

Fox

Rive

r Fea

sibi

lity

Stud

y, T

herm

oRet

ec, O

ctob

er 2

001.

At w

ww

.dnr

.stat

e.w

i.us/

org/

wat

er/w

m/lo

wer

fox/

rifs/

fs/a

ppen

dixb

.pdf

E:

App

endi

x C

(Con

side

ratio

ns fo

r Dev

elop

ing

the

Subm

erge

d Se

dim

ent C

appi

ng A

ltern

ativ

e) o

f the

Dra

ft Al

lied

Pape

r, In

c./P

orta

ge C

reek

/Kal

amaz

oo R

iver

Sup

erfu

nd S

ite R

I/FS

Feas

ibili

ty S

tudy

Re

port

- Ph

ase

1, B

BL,

Oct

ober

200

0. A

t ww

w.d

eq.st

ate.

mi.u

s/er

d/do

wnl

oads

/Kzo

o/FS

-Pie

ces/

FS-a

pend

-c.p

df

F: E

nvir

onm

enta

l Effe

cts o

f Dre

dgin

g, T

echn

ical

Not

es, U

.S. A

rmy

Engi

neer

Wat

erw

ays E

xper

imen

t Sta

tion,

EED

P-0

1-3,

Feb

ruar

y, 1

987.

At w

ww

.wes

.arm

y.m

il/el

/dot

s/pd

fs/e

edp0

1-3.

pdf

G:

EPA

Regi

on 9

: Cle

anin

g U

p th

e Pa

los V

erde

s She

lf, P

ilot C

appi

ng P

roje

ct:

Sum

mar

y of

Act

iviti

es.

At w

ww

.epa

.gov

/Reg

ion9

/feat

ures

/pvs

helf/

pilo

t.htm

l H

: U

.S. E

PA T

echn

ical

Sup

port

Proj

ect S

emi-A

nnua

l Mee

ting,

Tec

hnic

al S

essi

ons S

umm

ary,

May

7-1

0, 2

001,

San

Die

go, C

A.

At w

ww

.epa

.gov

/tio/

tsp/

dow

nloa

d/fin

alte

chsu

mm

ary.

pdf

I: A

ctio

n M

emor

andu

m fo

r Pal

os V

erde

s She

lf, S

epte

mbe

r 200

1. A

t ww

w.e

pa.g

ov/re

gion

09/fe

atur

es/p

vshe

lf/ac

tionm

emo0

901.

pdf

J: D

redg

ing

Har

bors

and

Dis

posi

ng o

f Con

tam

inat

ed S

edim

ents,

A. C

ohen

, MIT

Sea

Gra

nt C

olle

ge P

rogr

am, S

epte

mbe

r, 20

00. A

t ww

w.o

ar.n

oaa.

gov/

spot

lite/

arch

ive/

spot

_dre

dge.

htm

l K

: Le

tter f

rom

U.S

. EPA

Reg

ion

1 to

U.S

. Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

Re:

Fin

al E

nviro

nmen

tal I

mpa

ct S

tate

men

t for

the

Prov

iden

ce R

iver

and

Har

bor M

aint

enan

ce D

redg

ing

Proj

ect,

Oct

ober

1, 2

001.

At

ww

w.e

pa.g

ov/re

gion

01/n

epa/

f_pr

ov_l

tr100

101.

pdf

L: A

Rem

edy

Dec

isio

n fo

r the

For

mer

BP

Cas

per R

efin

ery,

Sod

a La

ke A

rea,

WY

DEQ

, Dra

ft Fi

nal,

Oct

ober

, 200

1. A

t http

://de

q.st

ate.

wy.

us/s

hwd/

RD

3/rd

3.pd

f M

: Ex

hibi

t A -

Stat

emen

t of W

ork,

Inte

rim

Rem

edia

l Act

ion,

G-P

Log

Pon

d, W

hatc

om W

ater

way

Site

, Bel

lingh

am, W

ashi

ngto

n, M

ay 2

000.

At w

ww

.ecy

.wa.

gov/

prog

ram

s/tc

p/si

tes/

wha

tcom

/ww

_sow

.pdf

N

: Po

st-R

emed

ial M

onito

ring

and

Sed

imen

t Cap

/Con

fined

Aqu

atic

Dis

posa

l (C

AD) S

ite M

onito

ring

, SEA

. At w

ww

.strip

lin.c

om/m

onito

r.htm

l O

: Th

e C

appi

ng P

ropo

sal f

or C

ell 1

, Tom

my

Thom

pson

Par

k - A

Wet

land

Cre

atio

n O

ppor

tuni

ty o

n th

e To

ront

o W

ater

fron

t, L.

Fie

ld, G

. Mac

Pher

son,

and

K. L

undy

. At

http

://m

assb

ay.m

it.ed

u/m

arin

eCen

ter/c

onfe

renc

e/ab

stra

cts0

3.ht

m

P: P

redi

ctin

g m

ound

pla

cem

ent a

nd st

abili

ty fo

r the

Ene

rgy

Isla

nd b

orro

w p

it, J.

Gai

lani

, Dre

dgin

g R

esea

rch,

June

/Sep

t. 19

98.

At w

ww

.wes

.arm

y.m

il/el

/dot

s/pd

fs/d

rv1n

2_3.

pdf

Q:

Port

of O

akla

nd P

ress

Rel

ease

s. A

t ww

w.p

orto

foak

land

.com

/glo

bals

/new

s_pr

ess_

37a.

htm

l R

: M

eetin

g M

inut

es, D

ecem

ber 2

000.

At w

ww

.bcd

c.ca

.gov

/nam

/com

m/2

000/

1221

00cm

.htm

S:

Rec

ord

of D

ecis

ion

Syst

em, M

cCor

mic

k &

Bax

ter C

reos

otin

g C

o. (P

ortla

nd P

lant

). A

t ww

w.e

pa.g

ov/s

uper

fund

/site

s/ro

dsite

s/10

0033

9.ht

m

T: S

ubaq

ueou

s Cap

ping

of C

onta

min

ated

Sed

imen

ts: F

ield

Exp

erie

nces

, Dr.

M.R

. Pal

erm

o. A

t ww

w.e

pa.g

ov/ti

o/ts

p/do

wnl

oad/

pale

rmo-

join

tses

sion

.pdf

U

: To

mm

y Th

omps

on P

ark

Publ

ic U

rban

Wild

erne

ss H

abita

t Cre

atio

n an

d En

hanc

emen

t Pro

ject

s 199

5-20

00.

At w

ww

.trca

.on.

ca/p

df/tt

pdoc

2000

.pdf

V

: “S

now

Cap

” U

sed

for S

edim

ent R

emed

atio

n, L

. Gut

knec

ht a

nd M

. War

ner,

EPA

Tec

h Tr

ends

, May

199

9. A

t ww

w.c

lu-in

.org

/PR

OD

UC

TS/N

EWSL

TRS/

TTR

END

/tt05

99.h

tm

W:

Engi

neer

ed U

ses,

Cap

ping

. A

t ww

w.w

es.a

rmy.

mil/

el/d

ots/

budm

/cap

p.ht

ml

X:

Pane

l #4

Rem

edy

Effe

ctiv

enes

s: C

ompa

riso

n of

Rem

edia

tion

Tech

nolo

gies

, Thi

n La

yer D

redg

ing

and

Cap

ping

, Rec

ent C

ase

His

tori

es, W

. Elm

er a

nd J.

Lal

ly.

At

ww

w.e

pa.g

ov/s

uper

fund

/new

/elm

er.p

df

Y:

Cen

ter f

or C

onta

min

ated

Sed

imen

ts -

Cas

e St

udie

s and

Pro

ject

s. A

t ww

w.w

es.a

rmy.

mil/

el/d

ots/

ccs/

case

.htm

l Z:

En

viro

nmen

tal D

redg

ing:

An

Eval

uatio

n of

Its E

ffect

iven

ess i

n C

ontr

ollin

g Ri

sks,

GEC

and

BB

L, A

ugus

t 200

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w.h

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nvoi

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om/d

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oads

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tepa

per/D

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GE.

PDF

AA

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BL C

onta

min

ated

Sed

imen

ts D

atab

ase.

At:

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w.h

udso

nvoi

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om/M

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WN

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tm

BB

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form

atio

n N

ote

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arin

e Fi

ll Re

sour

ces

& M

arin

e D

ispo

sal o

f Dre

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w.in

fo.g

ov/h

k/ce

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g/pu

blic

atio

ns/g

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tes/

inf_

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C

C:

Amer

ican

’s G

reen

Por

ts, D

redg

ed M

ater

ial D

ispo

sal a

nd C

onta

min

ated

Sed

imen

ts.

At w

ww

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a-po

rts.o

rg/g

ovre

latio

ns/re

sour

ces/

Gre

enPo

rts/1

0.D

redg

ed M

at.1

8-24

pp.p

df

DD

: Th

e La

ke S

chw

elvo

llert

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Car

boni

zatio

n W

aste

Wat

er D

epos

it: M

onito

ring

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rem

edia

tion

Proc

esse

s by

Anal

ysis

of t

he D

egra

datio

n Po

tent

ial o

f Het

erot

roph

ic M

icro

bial

Com

mun

ities

, P.M

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ecke

r et.

al. A

t ww

w.tu

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lin.d

e/fo

rsch

ung/

IFV

/was

ser/s

chrif

t/ban

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-bec

ker.p

df

EE:

Envi

ronm

ent C

anad

a, A

quat

ic E

cosy

stem

Rem

edia

tion

Proj

ect.

At w

ww

.cci

w.c

a/nw

ri/ae

mrb

/aer

p.ht

ml

FF:

U.S

. Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

, Gui

danc

e fo

r Sub

aque

ous D

redg

ed M

ater

ial C

appi

ng, b

y M

. Pal

erm

o, e

t. al

., Ju

ne 1

998.

At w

ww

.wes

.arm

y.m

il/el

/dot

s/do

er/p

df/tr

doer

1.pd

f G

G:

2001

Env

ironm

enta

l Sur

veys

, Anc

hor E

nviro

nmen

tal.

At w

ww

.djc

.com

/spe

cial

/env

iro20

01/a

ncho

rsur

vey.

htm

l

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

38

HH

: U

S Ar

my

Cor

p of

Eng

inee

rs U

pdat

e Re

port

for M

assa

chus

etts

, 10/

31/0

. A

t ww

w.n

ae.u

sace

.arm

y.m

il/ne

ws/

ma.

pdf

II:

Dis

posa

l Are

a M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

(DAM

OS)

Con

trib

utio

n #1

23.

At w

ww

.nae

.usa

ce.a

rmy.

mil/

envi

ronm

/sum

123.

htm

JJ

: D

ispo

sal A

rea

Mon

itori

ng S

yste

m (D

AMO

S) C

ontr

ibut

ion

#124

. At w

ww

.nae

.usa

ce.a

rmy.

mil/

envi

ronm

/sum

124.

htm

K

K:

The

Prac

tical

ity o

f Cov

erin

g D

rill

Cut

tings

In-S

itu: T

ask

5.1,

ER

M, D

ecem

ber 1

999.

At w

ww

.uko

oa.c

o.uk

/issu

es/d

rillc

uttin

gs/p

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df

LL:

U.S

. EPA

Reg

ion

2, S

ite M

anag

emen

t and

Mon

itori

ng P

lan

for t

he H

isto

ric

Area

Rem

edia

tion

Site

. At w

ww

.epa

.gov

/Reg

ion2

/wat

er/d

redg

e/ha

rssm

mp.

htm

M

M: F

eder

al R

egis

ter d

ated

May

13,

199

7 at

ww

w.e

pa.g

ov/fe

dreg

str/E

PA-W

ATE

R/1

997/

May

/Day

-13/

w12

480.

htm

N

N:

Hud

son

Rive

r PC

Bs R

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essm

ent R

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e 3

Repo

rt:

Feas

ibili

ty S

tudy

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embe

r 200

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t ww

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udge

with

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text

ile T

ubes

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t ww

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om/p

ublic

atio

ns/S

ludg

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f PP

: D

ispo

sal A

rea

Mon

itori

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yste

m (D

AMO

S) C

ontr

ibut

ion

#103

. A

t ww

w.n

ae.u

sace

.arm

y.m

il/en

viro

nm/s

um7.

htm

Q

Q:

Dis

posa

l Are

a M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

(DAM

OS)

Con

trib

utio

n #1

04. A

t ww

w.n

ae.u

sace

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y.m

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viro

nm/s

um6.

htm

R

R:

Dis

posa

l Are

a M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

(DAM

OS)

Con

trib

utio

n #1

17.

At w

ww

.nae

.usa

ce.a

rmy.

mil/

envi

ronm

/sum

117.

htm

SS

: D

ispo

sal A

rea

Mon

itori

ng S

yste

m (D

AMO

S) C

ontr

ibut

ion

#120

. At w

ww

.nae

.usa

ce.a

rmy.

mil/

envi

ronm

/sum

120.

htm

TT

: D

ispo

sal A

rea

Mon

itori

ng S

yste

m (D

AMO

S) C

ontr

ibut

ion

#111

. A

t ww

w.n

ae.u

sace

.arm

y.m

il/en

viro

nm/s

um11

1.ht

m

UU

: D

ispo

sal A

rea

Mon

itori

ng S

yste

m (D

AMO

S) C

ontr

ibut

ion

#118

. At w

ww

.nae

.usa

ce.a

rmy.

mil/

envi

ronm

/sum

118.

htm

V

V:

Dis

posa

l Are

a M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

(DAM

OS)

Con

trib

utio

n #1

08. A

t ww

w.n

ae.u

sace

.arm

y.m

il/en

viro

nm/s

um2.

htm

W

W:

Dis

posa

l Are

a M

onito

ring

Sys

tem

(DAM

OS)

Con

trib

utio

n #1

23. A

t ww

w.n

ae.u

sace

.arm

y.m

il/en

viro

nm/s

um12

3.ht

m

XX

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith D

an C

asey

(BB

L - a

t BB

L’s f

ield

off

ice

at th

e G

M S

ite, M

asse

na, N

Y)

YY

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith R

. McG

rath

(Roy

F. W

esto

n)

ZZ:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

T. W

ang

(Anc

hor E

nviro

nmen

tal)

1:

Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

W. J

anes

(Ala

ska

Dep

t. of

Env

ironm

enta

l Con

serv

atio

n)

2: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith J.

Cas

pary

(Flo

rida

Dep

t. of

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

tect

ion)

3:

Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

J. C

rane

(Flo

rida

Dep

t. of

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

tect

ion)

4:

Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

R. M

inic

ucci

(New

Ham

pshi

re D

ept.

of E

nviro

nmen

tal S

ervi

ces)

5:

Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

K. L

imin

o (E

PA R

egio

n 1)

6:

Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

E. O

’Don

nell

(U.S

. Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

- N

ew E

ngla

nd)

7: N

ew B

edfo

rd H

arbo

r Sup

erfu

nd P

ilot S

tudy

, Eva

luat

ion

of D

redg

ing

and

Dre

dged

Mat

eria

l Dis

posa

l”, M

ay 1

990.

U.S

. Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

, New

Eng

land

Div

isio

n.

8: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith M

. Kee

gan

(U.S

. Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

- N

ew E

ngla

nd)

9: M

onito

ring

of B

osto

n H

arbo

r Con

fined

Aqu

atic

Dis

posa

l Cel

ls, C

ompi

led

by L

. Z. H

ales

, Coa

stal

and

Hyd

raul

ics L

abor

ator

y ER

D/C

HL

TR-0

1-27

, Sep

tem

ber 2

001,

U.S

. Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

, En

gine

er R

esea

rch

and

Dev

elop

men

t Cen

ter a

t ww

w: u

sace

.arm

y.m

il 10

: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith K

. Kee

ley

(EPA

Reg

ion

10)

(206

)553

-214

1 11

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith P

. Tam

es (E

PA R

egio

n 2)

12

: Su

perf

und

Site

Clo

se-O

ut R

epor

t, M

arat

hon

Batte

ry C

ompa

ny S

ite, P

utna

m C

ount

y, C

old

Sprin

g, N

ew Y

ork

13:

Rec

ord

of D

ecis

ion,

Rem

edia

l Alte

rnat

ive

Sele

ctio

n, M

arat

hon

Bat

tery

Com

pany

Site

, Col

d Sp

ring,

Put

nam

Cou

nty,

New

Yor

k, 9

/30/

86.

14:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

N. D

iNar

do (E

PA R

egio

n 3)

15

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith D

. Tom

chuk

(EPA

Reg

ion

2)

16: P

roce

edin

gs: I

nter

natio

nal W

orks

hop

on D

redg

ed M

ater

ial B

enef

icia

l Use

s, 28

Jul

y - 1

Aug

ust,

1997

, Bal

timor

e M

D a

t ww

w.w

es.a

rmy.

mil/

el/d

ots/

budm

/pdf

/97w

orks

hop.

pdf

17:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

C. A

nder

son

(Wyo

min

g D

epar

tmen

t of E

nviro

nmen

tal Q

ualit

y)

18:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

C. Z

elle

r (EP

A R

egio

n 4)

19

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith T

. Tan

ner (

EPA

Reg

ion

4)

20:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

G. B

aum

garte

n (E

PA R

egio

n 6)

21

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith J.

Mal

ek (E

PA R

egio

n 10

) (20

6)-5

53-1

286

22:

Man

agem

ent o

f Dre

dgin

g Pr

ojec

ts; S

umm

ary

Repo

rt fo

r Tec

hnic

al A

rea

5, c

ompi

led

by L

.Z. H

ales

, Dep

artm

ent o

f the

Arm

y, W

ater

way

s Exp

erim

ent S

tatio

n, C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

, Vic

ksbu

rg,

Dre

dgin

g R

esea

rch

Prog

ram

Tec

hnic

al R

epor

t DR

P-96

-2, F

ebru

ary

1996

; the

repo

rt pr

esen

ts th

e sa

me

info

rmat

ion

as th

at in

Dre

dgin

g Re

sear

ch T

echn

ical

Not

es; S

edim

ent C

hem

istr

y Pr

ofile

s of C

appe

d D

redg

ed S

edim

ent D

epos

its T

aken

3 to

11

Year

s Afte

r Cap

ping

, U.S

. Arm

y En

gine

er W

ater

way

s Exp

erim

ent S

tatio

n, V

icks

burg

, Rep

ort D

RP-

5-09

, May

199

4..

23:

Envi

ronm

enta

l Effe

cts o

f Dre

dgin

g Te

chni

cal N

otes

; Fat

e of

Dre

dged

Mat

eria

l Dur

ing

Ope

n-W

ater

Dis

posa

l, U

.S. A

rmy

Engi

neer

Wat

erw

ays E

xper

imen

t Sta

tion,

Rep

ort E

EDP-

01-2

, Sep

t. 19

86.

24:

Adva

nces

in D

redg

ing

Con

tam

inat

ed S

edim

ent;

New

Tec

hnol

ogie

s and

Exp

erie

nce

Rele

vant

to th

e H

udso

n Ri

ver P

CBs

Site

, Sce

nic

Hud

son,

Apr

il 19

97.

25:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

Mar

y Lo

gan

(EPA

Reg

ion

2)

26:

Alco

a In

c. -

Mas

sena

Wes

t Fac

ility

, Gra

sse

Rive

r Cap

ping

Pilo

t Stu

dy F

act S

heet

, pro

vide

d by

EPA

Reg

ion

2 27

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith B

. Ros

s (EP

A R

egio

n 9)

28

: W

ycko

ff/Ea

gle

Har

bor S

uper

fund

Site

; Har

bor R

emed

iatio

n at

http

://w

ycko

ffsu

perf

und.

com

/har

borr

emed

iatio

n.ht

m

29:

Puge

t Sou

nd N

aval

Shi

pyar

d C

ompl

ex a

vaila

ble

at h

ttp://

yose

mite

.epa

.gov

/regi

on10

30

: D

RAFT

Exp

lana

tion

of S

igni

fican

t Diff

eren

ces M

iddl

e W

ater

way

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay N

ears

hore

/Tid

efla

ts S

uper

fund

Site

, Aug

ust 2

001;

dow

nloa

ded

from

Inte

rnet

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

39

31:

Prod

uctiv

e Re

use

of D

redg

e M

ater

ial,

Cap

ping

of a

Mer

cury

Con

tam

inat

ed S

edim

ent S

ite, b

y J.R

. Ver

duin

, C. H

ilarid

es, B

. Lan

gdon

, and

C. P

atm

ount

at w

ww

. wes

da.o

rg/e

nviro

n_co

mm

issi

on.h

tm

32:

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay, N

ears

hore

/Tid

efla

ts a

vaila

ble

at h

ttp://

yose

mite

.epa

.gov

/r10/

nplp

ad...

33

: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith S

. Tho

mas

(EPA

Reg

ion

10)

34:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

F. S

chau

ffle

r (EP

A R

egio

n 9)

(41

5) 9

72-3

174

35:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

M. L

acey

(EPA

Reg

ion

9)

36:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

K. M

arcy

(EPA

Reg

ion

10)

37:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

M. L

yons

(LA

Reg

iona

l Wat

er Q

ualit

y C

ontro

l Boa

rd) (

213)

576-

6718

38

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith R

. App

ey (P

ort o

f Los

Ang

eles

) (31

0)73

2-34

97

39:

Site

Inve

stig

atio

n Re

port

Sum

mar

y, H

art C

row

ser,

Nov

embe

r 30,

200

0, a

t ww

w.d

eq.st

ate.

or.u

s/nw

r/ri_

Sum

mar

y_fin

al.p

df

40:

New

s Rel

ease

DEQ

Acc

epts

Res

ults

of P

ort o

f Por

tland

Stu

dy o

n C

onfin

ed D

ispo

sal a

t Ros

s Isl

and,

at w

ww

.deq

.stat

e.or

.us/

new

s/re

leas

es/1

29.h

tm

41:

Lette

r fro

m N

OA

A N

atio

nal M

arin

e Fi

sher

ies S

ervi

ce to

L. E

vans

, Cor

ps o

f Eng

inee

rs, P

ortla

nd D

istri

ct, M

ay 1

, 200

0 at

ww

w.n

wr.n

oaa.

gov/

1pub

lcat

/200

0/os

b200

0-00

73.P

DF

42:

Aqua

Blok

TM P

roje

ct, b

y J.

Hul

l, P.

E., H

ull &

Ass

ocia

tes,

Inc.

, at w

ww

.epa

.stat

e.oh

.us/

dsw

/rap/

mau

_pro

fott3

.pdf

43

: Ev

alua

tion

of A

quaB

lokTM

on

Con

tam

inat

ed S

edim

ent t

o Re

duce

Mor

talit

y of

For

agin

g W

ater

fow

l (19

95),

P. P

ocho

p, J.

Cum

min

gs, a

nd C

. Yod

er, A

bstra

ct, a

t w

ww

.crr

el.u

sace

.arm

y.m

il/er

f/bib

liogr

aphy

/con

tract

s/co

ntra

ct33

.htm

l 44

: R

OD

Abs

tract

(EPA

/541

/R-9

8/18

2, d

ated

9/3

0/98

) for

Ope

rabl

e U

nit C

at w

ww

.epa

.gov

/sup

erfu

nd/s

ites/

rods

ites/

1001

455.

htm

45

: Su

mm

ary

of th

e Re

med

iatio

n Te

chno

logi

es D

evel

opm

ent F

orum

Sed

imen

ts R

emed

iatio

n Ac

tion

Team

Mee

ting,

Cin

cinn

ati,

Ohi

o, M

ay 8

, 200

0, a

t w

ww

.rtdf

.org

/pub

lic/s

edim

ent/m

inut

es/0

5080

0/m

ay8r

vd.h

tm

46:

Thea

Fos

s Wat

erw

ay R

emed

iatio

n: D

esig

n St

atus

Rep

ort,

Proc

eedi

ngs o

f the

Wes

tern

Dre

dgin

g As

soci

atio

n 20

th T

echn

ical

Con

fere

nce

and

32nd

Ann

ual T

exas

A&

M D

redg

ing

Sem

inar

, Jun

e 25

-28,

20

00, W

arw

ick,

Rho

de Is

land

, R. R

anda

ll, E

d., C

DS

Rep

ort N

o. 3

72

47:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

J. F

ield

s (U

.S. A

rmy

Cor

ps o

f Eng

inee

rs)

48:

Pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

with

N. H

arne

y (E

PA R

egio

n 10

) 49

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith P

. Con

trera

s (EP

A R

egio

n 10

) 50

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith P

. Pet

erso

n-Le

e (E

PA R

egio

n 10

) 51

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith L

. Mar

shal

l (EP

A R

egio

n 10

) 52

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith S

. Car

lsso

n (V

atte

nres

urs A

B, S

wed

en)

53:

"Lak

e Tu

ringe

n re

med

ial p

roje

ct: i

sola

tion

of m

ercu

ry-c

onta

min

ated

sedi

men

ts",

LIF

E - E

nvir

onm

ent i

n ac

tion;

56

new

succ

ess s

tori

es fo

r Eur

ope'

s env

iron

men

t at

http

://eu

ropa

.eu.

int/c

omm

/life

/env

ir/su

cces

ssto

ries2

001.

PDF

54:

"A

revi

ew o

f ass

essm

ent a

nd re

med

iatio

n st

rate

gies

for h

ot sp

ot se

dim

ents

", H

ydro

biol

ogia

, 235

/236

: 62

9-63

8, 1

992.

, J. S

kei,

Nor

weg

ian

Inst

itute

for W

ater

Res

earc

h 55

: "C

onta

min

ated

Mud

in H

ong

Kon

g: A

Cas

e St

udy

of C

onta

ined

Sea

bed

Dis

posa

l", P

roce

edin

gs o

f the

15t

h W

orld

Dre

dgin

g C

ongr

ess,

Vol

ume

2, b

y J.

Shaw

, P. W

hite

side

and

K. N

g, L

as V

egas

, N

evad

a, Ju

ne 2

8-Ju

ly 2

, 199

8, p

ublis

hed

by th

e W

orld

Org

aniz

atio

n of

Dre

dgin

g A

ssoc

iatio

ns, p

p. 7

99-8

10.

56:

Str

ateg

ic A

sses

smen

t and

Site

Sel

ectio

n St

udy

for C

onta

min

ated

Mud

Dis

posa

l, H

ong

Kon

g En

viro

nmen

t and

Foo

d B

urea

u, A

CE-

EIA

Pap

er 4

/200

1, Ju

ne 2

001

at

ww

w.in

fo.g

ov.h

k/ef

b/bo

ard/

eia/

pape

r042

001.

htm

l 57

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith J.

Sut

ter (

Ore

gon

Dep

artm

ent o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Qua

lity)

58

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith L

. Prid

dy (E

PA R

egio

n 10

) 59

: Pe

rson

al c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith R

. San

tiago

(Env

ironm

ent C

anad

a)

60:

Rey

nold

s Met

als C

o R

OD

Abs

tract

at w

ww

.epa

.gov

/sup

erfu

nd/s

ites/

rods

ites/

0201

465.

htm

61

: Fa

xed

exce

rpts

from

Site

Inve

stig

atio

n Re

port

, Con

fined

Dre

dge

Faci

lity,

Ros

s Isl

and

Faci

lity,

Nov

embe

r 30,

200

0, b

y H

art C

row

ser

62:

Appe

ndix

F to

Con

sent

Dec

ree,

Rem

oval

Act

ion

Wor

k Pl

an fo

r Upp

er 1

/2 M

ile R

each

of H

ousa

toni

c Ri

ver,

date

d Au

gust

199

9, a

nd E

PA a

ppro

val l

ette

r dat

ed A

ugus

t 5, 1

999,

Oct

ober

, 199

9, B

lasl

and,

B

ouck

& L

ee, I

nc.,

Syra

cuse

, NY

63

: Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

Mic

hael

Sto

ner (

Port

of B

ellin

gham

) (36

0)71

5-73

65

64: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith C

hip

Hila

rdes

(Geo

rgia

Pac

ific)

(360

) 647

-569

5 65

: Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

Car

men

Whi

te (E

PA R

egio

n 9)

(415

) 972

-301

0 66

: Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

She

la E

ckm

an (E

PA R

egio

n 10

) (20

6) 5

53-0

455

67: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith T

om F

rede

tte (A

rmy

Cor

ps o

f Eng

inee

rs –

Con

cord

, MA

) (97

8) 3

18-8

291

68: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith D

ave

Dic

kens

on (E

PA R

egio

n 1)

(617

) 918

-132

9 69

: Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

Chr

isto

pher

Cra

ndel

l (Th

e Jo

hnso

n C

ompa

ny) (

802)

229

-460

0 70

: Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

Dea

n Ta

glia

ferr

o (E

PA R

egio

n 1)

(617

) 918

-128

2 71

: Per

sona

l com

mun

icat

ion

with

Bob

Min

icuc

ci (N

ew H

amps

hire

DE

S) (6

03) 2

71-2

941

72: P

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n w

ith S

teve

Kno

wle

s (A

rmy

Cor

ps o

f Eng

inee

rs –

New

Yor

k D

istr

ict)

(212

) 264

-185

3

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

40

Rev

isio

n/up

date

–20

05 i

n B

old

Ital

ic

41

C.

Abb

revi

atio

ns:

AO

C

Are

a of

Con

cern

C

AD

C

onfin

ed A

quat

ic D

ispo

sal

CB

/NT

SS

Com

men

cem

ent B

ay N

ears

hore

/Tid

efla

ts S

uper

fund

Site

C

d

Cad

miu

m

CD

F

Con

fined

Dis

posa

l Fac

ility

CD

M

Cap

ping

Dre

dged

Mat

eria

l cf

s

Cub

ic F

eet P

er S

econ

d C

LIS

Cen

tral L

ong

Isla

nd S

ound

C

MP

Con

tam

inat

ed M

ud P

it C

OC

C

hem

ical

of C

once

rn

CSO

C

ombi

ned

Sew

er O

verf

low

cy

Cub

ic Y

ards

D

DT

Dic

hlor

o-di

phen

ol-tr

ichl

oroe

than

e

EIS

En

viro

nmen

tal I

mpa

ct S

tate

men

t EP

A

Uni

ted

Stat

es E

nviro

nmen

tal P

rote

ctio

n A

genc

y H

DPE

H

igh

Den

sity

Pol

yeth

ylen

e IS

C

In-S

itu C

appi

ng

MLW

M

ean

Low

Wat

er

MLL

W

Mea

n Lo

wer

Low

Wat

er

NA

PL

Non

-Aqu

eous

-Pha

se L

iqui

d N

PL

Nat

iona

l Prio

ritie

s Lis

t N

UA

D

Not

Sui

tabl

e fo

r Unc

onfin

ed A

quat

ic D

ispo

sal

PAH

Po

lycy

clic

Aro

mat

ic H

ydro

carb

on

PCB

Po

lych

lorin

ated

Bip

heny

l PC

DF

Poly

chlo

rinat

ed D

iben

zofu

ran

RC

RA

R

esou

rce

Con

serv

atio

n an

d R

ecov

ery

Act

R

OD

R

ecor

d of

Dec

isio

n TB

T

Trib

utyl

Tin

TO

C

Tota

l Org

anic

Car

bon

UD

M

Una

ccep

tabl

y C

onta

min

ated

Dre

dged

Mat

eria

l U

SAC

E U

nite

d St

ates

Arm

y C

orps

of E

ngin

eers

V

OC

V

olat

ile O

rgan

ic C

ompo

und

WES

W

ater

way

s Exp

erim

ent S

tatio

n (U

SAC

E)

D

. Fo

otno

tes:

(a

) Est

imat

ed b

y di

vidi

ng th

e 0.

6 m

thic

knes

s int

o th

e 31

00 m

3 vo

lum

e (R

ef. E

). A

ccor

ding

to J.

Mal

ek (R

ef. 2

1), t

he in

itial

cap

are

a w

as a

ppro

xim

atel

y 0.

7 ac

res.

Bec

ause

too

muc

h m

ater

ial w

as p

lace

d in

too

smal

l a h

ole,

too

quic

kly,

ther

e w

as “

slop

ping

out

”, so

the

actu

al c

ap fe

athe

red

out t

o an

are

a of

app

rox.

1.3

acr

es.

(b) E

stim

ated

from

dia

gram

pro

vide

d at

http

://w

ww

.wes

.arm

y.m

il/el

/dot

s/do

er/p

df/tr

doer

1.pd

f (R

ef. F

F).

B. R

oss (

EPA

Reg

ion

9) b

elie

ves t

hat t

he c

alcu

late

d ar

ea c

ould

be

corr

ect f

or th

e LA

pro

ject

. (c

) Est

imat

ed fr

om d

iagr

am p

rovi

ded

at h

ttp://

ww

w.w

es.a

rmy.

mil/

el/d

ots/

pdfs

/drv

1n2_

3.pd

f (R

ef. P

). A

ppro

x. 0

.25

by 1

.4 m

iles

(d) E

stim

ated

from

dia

gram

pro

vide

d at

http

://w

ww

.epa

.gov

/tio/

tsp/

dow

nloa

d/pa

lerm

o-jo

ints

essi

on.p

df (R

ef. T

) (e

) Est

imat

ed b

y di

vidi

ng th

e 1.

5 m

thic

knes

s (R

ef. P

P) in

to th

e vo

lum

e of

cap

ping

sedi

men

ts, 6

5,00

0 cu

m (R

ef. R

R)

(f) E

stim

ated

bas

ed o

n m

ound

dia

met

er o

f 470

met

ers (

Ref

. UU

) (g

) Est

imat

ed b

ased

on

mou

nd d

iam

eter

of 2

00 m

eter

s (R

ef. S

S)

(h) E

stim

ated

bas

ed o

n di

agra

m p

rovi

ded

(Ref

. 9) f

or th

e M

ystic

Riv

er C

AD

cel

ls

(i) E

stim

ated

from

one

(out

of t

hree

) pit

dim

ensi

ons o

f 550

by

120

met

ers (

Ref

. EE)

(j) E

stim

ated

bas

ed o

n di

agra

m p

rovi

ded

(Ref

. 55)

for t

he E

ast S

ha C

hau

mud

pits

Swedish Geotechnical Institute

SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden

Phone: +46 13-20 18 00

E-mail: [email protected]

www.swedgeo.se

in-situ capping of contaminated sediments · 2016-12-19 · in-situ capping of contaminated...

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