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Natih Field

Fahud Field

Figure 2

Ibri

Ibra

Adam

Nizwa

Bahla

Barka

Nakhl

Muscat

Yangul

Rustaq

Samail

Fanjah

Quriyat

As Sifah

As Suwayq

Figure 1

450000 500000 550000 600000 650000 700000

2500000

2550000

2600000

2650000

Legend

Surficial deposits

Postnappe cover

Molasse

Samail Ophiolite

Hawasina Nappe

Autochthon B

Autochthon A

Jebel Akhdar

Saih Hatat

Oman

UAE

KSA

Iran

56°54° 60°

24°

20°

0 250 500km

0 25 50km

Profile

Figu

re 2

inferred position of Haw

asina Thru

st front

GCS-WGS84UTM 34N-WGS84

Page 26: in press, Geofluids, May 2014 · w ! # " % '! " $ ! + " " ( # " !,) ! "! !" ! " ! 6 /* 2w@ %)+* %/#+w@ 2 -$ * c +6x q *+0 c / %w@y wk h $ * *%4 /0%27@ 2/3 23/ ( +(+#7@ 2+*% 0 * +)

Road to Sint

Road to A

l Ham

ra

Road to J

abal

Sham

s

Al Minthar

Minthar North

Al Raheba

Jabal Misfah

As Subayib

Wadi N

akhr

Wadi N

akhr

Misfat al

Khawater

Sahtan

Nahr Umr

Muti

Muti

Hawasina

Hawasina

Muti

Natih

Figure 3

Kh 3

Salil

Rayda

Kh 1

512000 514000 516000 518000 520000 522000

2562

000

2564

000

2566

000

2568

000

2570

000

MaastrichtianCampanianSantonianConiacianTuronianCenomanianAlbianAptian

BarremianHauterivianValanginianBerriasianDoggerLias

CR

ETA

CEO

US

JURASSIC

Late

Ear

ly

Stratigraphy

Aruma

Hawasina Nappe

Group

Wasia

Kah

mah

Gro

up

Group

Juweiza

Fiqa

Natih

Nahr Umr

Shu’aiba

Kharaib

Lekhwair

Habshan

Salil

Rayda

Natih-E

Natih-F/G

Natih-C/D

Natih-B

Natih-A

Muti

Muti

This study

Samail Ophiolite

Kh 3

Kh 2Kh 1

Sahtan

0 1 2km

km

100

Southwest Northeast

imbricatedHamrat Duru Group

Batinah coast

Samail Thrust

Ophiolite54

-4-5-6

3

-3

2

-2

1

-10

(km)Depth

Pre-Permianbasement

Jebel Akhdar anticline

Mid-Permian unconformityHawasina Thrust

Wasia-Kahmah (Cretaceous)

Sahtan (Jurassic)

Mahil (Triassic)

Saiq (Permian)

Pre-Permian

Aruma (Cretaceous)

Hawasina Nappes

Samail Ophiolite

A

BMuti

Natih

Calcareous siltstone

Limestone breccia

Argillaceous limestone

Limestone

Erosional surface

Figure 2

UTM 34N-WGS84

Page 27: in press, Geofluids, May 2014 · w ! # " % '! " $ ! + " " ( # " !,) ! "! !" ! " ! 6 /* 2w@ %)+* %/#+w@ 2 -$ * c +6x q *+0 c / %w@y wk h $ * *%4 /0%27@ 2/3 23/ ( +(+#7@ 2+*% 0 * +)

Surface rubble

Surface rubble

Muti Fm

Top Natih A

BSouthNorth

Al Hamra

Figure 3

514300 514400 514500 514600 514700 514800

2565

600

2565

700

2565

800

2565

900

2566

000

Road t

o Jab

al Sham

s

1

1

2

2

0 50 100m

Extent of Al Raheba vein mesh

Vein mesh Panorama (Fig.4A)

VHB samples

sub VHB sampling sites

en-echelon arrays (Fig. 4E,F,G)UTM 34N-WGS84

Muti

Fm. o

utcrops

Surface rubble

Surfa

ce ru

bble

Surfa

ce ru

bble

A

B

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0 5 10 15m

connected Y-type junctions

strike-direction change

N = 10; rotated

N

NNW-setWSW-setNW-set

0 10,50 1m

0 10cm

0 10cm

A

D

GE F

C

BFigure C

Figure 6A

Figure B

NNW-set NW-set

WSW-set

N

Figure 4

Number of analyzedvein segments: 22,182

Total segmentlength: 2,404 m

Page 29: in press, Geofluids, May 2014 · w ! # " % '! " $ ! + " " ( # " !,) ! "! !" ! " ! 6 /* 2w@ %)+* %/#+w@ 2 -$ * c +6x q *+0 c / %w@y wk h $ * *%4 /0%27@ 2/3 23/ ( +(+#7@ 2+*% 0 * +)

Figure 5

mc

mc

500 µmxpl

50 µm

NS

F

E

500 µm

ppl, parallel to S0 xpl, parallel to S0

xpl, parallel to S0

200 µm

100 µm

B

200 µm

[SO�Ȝ��SDUDOOHO�WR�S0A

DC

TS perpendicular to S0 and vein

Page 30: in press, Geofluids, May 2014 · w ! # " % '! " $ ! + " " ( # " !,) ! "! !" ! " ! 6 /* 2w@ %)+* %/#+w@ 2 -$ * c +6x q *+0 c / %w@y wk h $ * *%4 /0%27@ 2/3 23/ ( +(+#7@ 2+*% 0 * +)

Figure 6 A

Locationof D

Location of B

JS-PL-013xpl

0 1 2m

0 25 50cm

0 1cm

0 0.25 0.5cm

D E

CB

A

Figure 6

HRHR thin section

Figure 5E

thin sectionFigure 6D

N

N

Sample: JS-PL-013

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N = 33

N

����ȝP

29°

xpl, parallel to S0

.DPE�&RQWRXUV&�,�� �����6LJPD

(TXDO�$UHD/RZHU�+HPLVSKHUH N = 36

N

N

D

B$

&

)LJXUH��

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���ȝP

A

C D

B

up up

upup���ȝP ���ȝP

���ȝP

Figure 8

0,852

0,697

0,542

0,387

0,232

0,077

0,866

0,708

0,551

0,393

0,236

0,079

0,245

0,107

-0,032

-0,171

-0,309

-0,448

Page 33: in press, Geofluids, May 2014 · w ! # " % '! " $ ! + " " ( # " !,) ! "! !" ! " ! 6 /* 2w@ %)+* %/#+w@ 2 -$ * c +6x q *+0 c / %w@y wk h $ * *%4 /0%27@ 2/3 23/ ( +(+#7@ 2+*% 0 * +)

D E P T H

-1

0

1

2

3

4

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

-1

0

1

2

3

4

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Stage 1 veins (n: 74)

Stage 1; domain A

Stage 1; domain B

Stage 2 veins (n: 13)

Legend:

į13C

VP

DB, p

er m

il

į18OVSMOW , per mil

į18OVSMOW , per mil

į13C

VP

DB, p

er m

il

VHB

Natih B, sequence III-4from Wohlwend and Weissert (2012)

proximal HR

A

n.b. colored fields

represent host rock

ranges as shown in

figure A

VHB (n: 48)

proximal HR (n: 15)

Natih B sequence III-4 (n: 29)

from Wohlwend and Weissert (2012)

Natih A and B beneath the VHB (n: 16)

Legend:

B

Figure 9

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Top Natih A

Top Natih B

VHB

Dep

th

in

m

į13CVPDB (per mil)į18OVSMOW (per mil)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

22 23 24 25 260

0 1 2 3 4

Stylo-nodular facies

Alternated beds of organic-rich (light-gray beds; lenticular shape) and organic-poor limestone with abundant oysters

LegendVHB

DCBAMinthar North profilefrom Husseini (2010)

SB III-6

SB III-4

SB IV

Sub-FiqaUnconformity

MFS III-4

Nat

ih A

Mut

i Fm

.

Mut

i Fm

.

Nat

ih B

III-4

III-3

III-5

III-6

Sub

sequ

ence

Seq

uenc

e

Mem

ber

IV

III

MFS: maximum flooding surfaceOystersGastropods

Chert nodules

Stylolites

Figure 10

Nodular facies

Hardground Bioturbation

SB: sequence boundary

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2221 23 24 25 26 27

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

į18OVSMOW , per mil

Stri

ke d

irect

ion

(°)

Stage 1; domain A

Stage 2

Stage 1; domain B

Legend:

Figure 11

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0 0,5 1cm

JS-PL-013

C 4

3

2

1

0

-1

27262524232221

į13C

VP

DB,

per m

il

į18OVSMOW, per mil

0 0,35 0,7cm

JS-PL-003A

-1

0

1

2

3

4

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

į18OVSMOW, per milį13

CV

PD

B,

per m

il

Figure 12

Stage 1 vein

Stage 2 vein

27262524232221

4

3

2

1

0

-1

į18OVSMOW, per mil

į13C

VP

DB,

per m

il

0 0,5 1cm

JS-PL-009B

Stage 1 veinsHR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

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-1

-2

0

1

2

3

4

5

21 22 23 24 25 2616 17 18 19 20 27 28 29 30

į18OVSMOW , per mil

į13C

VP

DB, p

er m

il

B

Veins Hilgers et al. (2006)

Veins Holland and Urai (2010)

Veins this study

Legend:

transparant fields represent host

rock compositions from Figure A

-1

-2

0

1

2

3

4

5

21 22 23 24 25 2616 17 18 19 20 27 28 29 30

į18OVSMOW , per mil

į13C

VP

DB, p

er m

il

A

HR Hilgers et al. (2006)

Natih Fm.; Wagner (1990)

Shuaiba Fm.; Wagner (1990)

Kharaib Fm.; Wagner (1990)

HR Holland and Urai (2010)

HR this study

Legend:

Host rockcompositions

Calcite veincompositions

Figure 13

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VHB

VHB

VHB VHB

Stage 2 veins

Emergent carbonate platform (onset of obduction) Deposition of Muti Fm. and nappe emplacement

Alteration of limestones

by meteoric waters

Normal faulting and related

dip-slip shear veins;

fluid flow along faults

BA

DCStage 1 veins

Network of crack-seal

extension veins;

fluid flow confined to VHB

Figure 14

Muti

Natih

ı1��ıv)ı3pf

Depth

Stress, fluid pressure

overpressured Natih Fm.

Muti

Natih

ı1��ıv)ı3pf

Depth

Stress, fluid pressure

Release of overpressures

overpressured regime

hyd

rosta

tic

protected trapat Al Raheba local upward leakage

?

leakageat Al Raheba

Stage 2

Stage 1

hyd

rosta

tic