in 1788 settlers brought 2 bulls and 5 cows to australia problem: each cow deposited 10-20 dung pats...
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In 1788 settlers brought 2 bulls and 5 cows to Australia
Problem:Each cow deposited 10-20
dung pats a day.
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Finally in 1968 the National Science Committee brought in 2 species of
dung beetle from S. Africa
Today there are over 50 species of dung beetle in Australia. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-11-04/there-are-calls-
for-the-state-government-to-fund/3632110
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• Overview: The Scope of Ecology• Ecology:– Is the scientific study of the interactions between
organisms and the environment
• These interactions– Determine both the distribution of organisms and
their abundance
**Events that occur in ecological time….Affect life on the scale of evolutionary time
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Ecology is not Environmentalism
• Ecology seeks to generate knowledge about interactions within the natural world.
• Environmentalism uses the knowledge to inform and make personal and public decisions.
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biosphere
ecosystem
community
population
Studying organisms in their environment
organism
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What determines the distribution of organisms in our world?
Climate- a factor that determines if an organism can survive and reproduce.
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• Sunlight intensity– Plays a major part in determining the Earth’s climate
patterns
Figure 50.10
Low angle of incoming sunlight
Sunlight directly overhead
Low angle of incoming sunlight
North Pole60N
30NTropic ofCancer
0 (equator)
30S
60S
Atmosphere
LALITUDINAL VARIATION IN SUNLIGHT INTENSITY
Tropic ofCapricorn
South pole
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Descendingdry airabsorbsmoisture
Ascendingmoist airreleasesmoisture
Descendingdry airabsorbsmoisture
30 23.5 0 23.5 30Aridzone Tropics
Aridzone
60N
30N
0 (equator)
30S
60S
GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION AND PRECIPITATION PATTERNS
• Air circulation and wind patterns– Play major parts in determining the Earth’s climate
patterns
Figure 50.10
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• Environmental components–Affect the distribution and abundance of
organisms
Figure 50.2
Kangaroos/km2
> 2010–205–101–50.1–1< 0.1Limits ofdistribution
Climate in northern Australiais hot and wet, with seasonaldrought.
Red kangaroosoccur in mostsemiarid and aridregions of theinterior, whereprecipitation isrelatively low andvariable fromyear to year.
Southeastern Australiahas a wet, cool climate.
Southern Australia hascool, moist winters andwarm, dry summers.
Tasmania
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Biome: The environment defined by its climatic and geographic attributes. Has similar organisms, similar dominant plants.
Climate largely determines the distribution and
structure of terrestrial biomes
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Climate and Terrestrial Biomes
Figure 50.18
Desert Temperate grassland Tropical forest
Temperatebroadleafforest
Coniferousforest
Arctic andalpinetundra
Annual mean precipitation (cm)
Annu
al m
ean
tem
pera
ture
(ºC)
100 200 300 400
30
15
0
15
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• The distribution of major terrestrial biomes
30N
Tropic ofCancer
Equator
Tropic ofCapricorn
30S
Key
Tropical forest
SavannaDesert
ChaparralTemperate grasslandTemperate broadleaf forestConiferous forest
TundraHigh mountainsPolar ice
Figure 50.19
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Biomes
• You will fill out the Biome chart using your textbook.
• Select one Biome to create a travel brochure . This is the unit project, due at the end of Ecology.
• The best travel brochures get prizes.