Environmental dimension in a ship’s life cycle

Presented by:Deepak TiwariNishant Pant

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What Is Product Life Cycle?The average life period of a particular

product.How long a particular product will stay in the

market.PLC of product is divided into 4 stages:

IntroductionGrowthMaturityDecline

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

Birth

Growth

Maturity

Decline and death

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SHIPS ALSO HAVE A LIFE CYCLE

LIKE EVERY OTHER PRODUCT…..

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Life cycle of a Ship…….Can also be classified into 4 stages…

Design

Construction

Operation

Scrapping

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Life Cycle of Ship

Design

Construction

Operation

Scrapping

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Used to identify, evaluate and minimize energy

consumption and environmental impacts with respect to its life of the product.

Sometimes called as “cradle-to-grave ” assessment.

Provides better designs.Makes product cost effective.Helps provide environmentally sound products.Provides ideas for efficient waste mgmt.

systems.

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Thus LCA is…..

A systematic way of examining the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle, from raw materials extraction through the

processing, transport, use and finally product disposal.

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Input/output of any industrial processes.

ENERGY

Industrial Processes

Products

Environmental Impact

WasteEmissio

n

• Financial Resources• Materials• Know-how• Manpower

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BASIC CONCEPT OF LCAAn environmental approachAfter scrapping, waste material needs to be

disposed off.Special Considerations regarding Waste prevention.Waste minimization at source.Reuse, recover, repair, recycle.Incineration (burning with or without energy

recovery)Landfill

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Energy & environment of pre-production stage

Transport.

Energy Sources

Raw Material

•Air pollution• Land pollution

• Solid Waste

Engineering materialSteel and aluminum

Transport

Consumers

Material Extraction industry

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The main objectives of LCA are:

Minimization of energy consumption

Minimization of environmental impacts

Rationalization of material used

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Main concepts of LCA of a product:

Raw Materials

Energy

• Waste• Emission

Rationalization

Product Life Cycle

Life cycle Assessment

Product Improvement Minimization

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Inventory analysisIdentification and calculation of energy and

resources used and environmental releases to air, water and land for all the processes within the system boundary.

The system boundaries includes :Main production sequence , Handling and transport operations, Production and use of fuels, generation of

energy (electricity and heat, including fuel production)

Disposal of all process wastes

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Environmental impact assessment (EIA)Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is

the technical qualitative and quantitative characterization and assessment of the consequences on the environment.

The impact analysis addresses ecological and human health consequences and resource depletion.

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The main elements to be considered in an EIA

ResourcesHuman healthGlobal warmingDepletion of stratospheric ozoneAcidificationHabitat alterations and impacts on biological

diversityRisk assessment

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Improvement analysisIt is the evaluation and implementation of

opportunities to reduce environmental burdens.This could be achieved by:

The efficient use of natural and man-made materials and in a cost effective manner,

Better measurement of environmental impacts,Minimization of consumption and management of

wastes by recycling/reuse of waste as a raw material,

Using clean technologies, polluting less, cleaning up the pollution,

Using risk assessment and management.

Cumulative energy and emission

Ship building Stage

Ship Operation

StageShip Scrapping

Stage

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LCA of ships

LCA of Ship = rational use of material + outfitting material + energy consumption + environmental impact…this is applicable in all stages of the ship design till scrapping i.e.

Design, construction.Outfitting, operation, maintenance & repair,

&Finally in ship scrapping… …

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Environmental dimension in ship design…

Integral part of rational approach to ship design.

Also called ship design for environment (DFE).

(safety, economy, energy efficiency, environmental performance and ship disposal)

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Rational use of materials…The main materials commonly used in the

shipbuilding industry, which require rationalization, are: steel plates and sections,welding coils and rods, castings, forged parts,timber, paintings, etc.

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The rational use of these materials should not only reduce energy consumption and the negative environmental impacts but should also have positive economic gains.

The minimization of the negative environmental impacts and wastes in ship construction could be achieved by the efficient use of ship construction materials, welding rods, paints, etc.

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Environmental impact of shipproduction

Energy used:

DirectIndire

ct

The indirect energy used in the shipbuilding industry is used for the manufacture and production of the following main items:steel plates and sections, main and auxiliaryengines, equipment, fittings, welding coils

The direct energy required for shipconstruction is used for handling andtransport (raw materials, fabricated sections and blocks), fabrication processes (cutting, forming, welding), assembly of steel plates and sections.

Environmental impacts of shipoperationOceans are essential parts of the global life

support system. They influence the climate and provide food and other resources for our growing world population. However, oceans are under increasing environmental stress from shipping operations.

With regard to energy consumption, ships require less energy to carry a given tonnage of cargo over a given distance than all other means of transport.

The environmental impacts of ship operation should be considered for both modes of operation at sea and in ports.

Environmental Impact on ship operations.

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Environmental impact of shipscrappingShip scrapping is becoming an important industry

in several countries : - For ship owners, the decision to scrap a ship,

continuing the operation or convert to a different trade requires condition assessment and economic evaluation.

Because of the increasing costs of acquiring a new ship, some ship owners have extended the life of some of their ships by upgrading either hull, machinery or both. Extending a ship’s life is a positive attitude to protect our natural resources.

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QUERIES AND SUGGESTIONS PLEASE…