improving*beanproduc1onindrought prone
TRANSCRIPT
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Celestina Jochua, Magalhaes Miguel, Soares Xerinda - IIAM
Juan Carlos Rosas - ZamoranoJill Findeis, Jonathan Lynch - Penn State
Improving bean produc1on in drought-‐prone, low fer1lity soils of Africa and
La1n America-‐ An integrated approach
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Lynch and Jones, CIAT report
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3
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bad genotypes
Root architecture and P efficiency
more adventitious roots
shallower basal roots
longer, denser hairs
more taproot laterals
topsoil
subsoilmore dispersed laterals
aerenchyma
basal root whorls
good genotypes
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Shallow vs deep root architecture in two bean genotypes grown in the field in Honduras
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bean genotypes vary greatly for root hair length
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Miguel et al., 2004
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research of Magalhaes Miguel
shorthair lengthgrowth angle
short longdeepshallowdeeplong
shallow
225
300
150
0
75
perc
ent i
ncre
ase
in p
lant
bi
omas
s un
der l
ow P
phene synergism for P acquisition3 RILs per phenotype, field study in low P soil in Mozambique
baseline
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research of Magalhaes Miguel
shorthair lengthgrowth angle
short longdeepshallowdeeplong
shallow
225
300
150
0
75
perc
ent i
ncre
ase
in p
lant
bi
omas
s un
der l
ow P
57.7
phene synergism for P acquisition3 RILs per phenotype, field study in low P soil in Mozambique
baseline
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research of Magalhaes Miguel
shorthair lengthgrowth angle
short longdeepshallowdeeplong
shallow
225
300
150
0
75
perc
ent i
ncre
ase
in p
lant
bi
omas
s un
der l
ow P
57.789.3
phene synergism for P acquisition3 RILs per phenotype, field study in low P soil in Mozambique
baseline
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research of Magalhaes Miguel
shorthair lengthgrowth angle
short longdeepshallowdeeplong
shallow
225
300
150
0
75
perc
ent i
ncre
ase
in p
lant
bi
omas
s un
der l
ow P
57.789.3
additive=147
phene synergism for P acquisition3 RILs per phenotype, field study in low P soil in Mozambique
baseline
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actual=298.9***
research of Magalhaes Miguel
shorthair lengthgrowth angle
short longdeepshallowdeeplong
shallow
225
300
150
0
75
perc
ent i
ncre
ase
in p
lant
bi
omas
s un
der l
ow P
57.789.3
additive=147
phene synergism for P acquisition3 RILs per phenotype, field study in low P soil in Mozambique
baseline
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Whorl 1
Whorl 2Whorl 3
Basal roots arise from distinct whorls
Genotype A: 3 whorls
Genotype B: 1 whorl
More basal roots = more soil volume explored
2 whorls, up to 8 basal roots 3 whorls, up to 12 basal roots
Number of basal roots determined by number of whorls (about 4 roots/whorl)
0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4
wild cultivated
number of whorls
num
ber o
f bas
al ro
ots
!
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Low P soilSussundenga, Mozambique
research of Magalhaes Miguel
more whorls = 60% greater growth at low P
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Low P soilSussundenga, Mozambique
research of Magalhaes Miguel
Two QTL explain 42-50% of phenotypic variation in BRWN
more whorls = 60% greater growth at low P
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does BRWN improve growth under drought?
research of Katy Barlow
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does BRWN improve growth under drought?
research of Katy Barlow
0"
4"
8"
12"
16"
20"
24"
1" 2" 3"
Shoo
t%Dry%W
eight%(g)%
Basal%Root%Whorl%Number%
Drought" Control"
a a a
bb
cc
More whorls =>70 % greater growth under drought
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drought workshopCIAT 2006
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high throughput phenotyping of root
architecture in the field
2 min/genotype
10,000 lines/yrbean, maize, sorghum,
cowpea, groundnut, potato
Shovelomics
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Breeding progress- Mozambique
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Breeding progress- Mozambique
• Developed and validated a rapid method for root phenotyping in the field– stable across sites and years
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Breeding progress- Mozambique
• Developed and validated a rapid method for root phenotyping in the field– stable across sites and years
• Identified sources of P efficiency and drought in Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools– 10x yield variation under P stress– mesos 50% better than Andeans under low P– contrasting, possibly complementarity root
traits
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Sources of tolerance for low P•Andean accessions
• Many BRWN and BR (53%: >2.5 BRWN and >8 BRN): 29/55
• Shallow BRGA (≤ 30) – 25% (14/55)
•Mesoamerican accessions
• 50% greater yield under low P
•Many adventitious roots (35%) – 35/100 > 25 roots
•Long and dense root hairs (18% accessions from Meso): 31/165 (≥ 0.6mm)
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Sources of tolerance to drought
•Mesoamerican
•Steeper and deeper basal roots (19% of 100: >60o)
•Andean
•Long and branched primary roots (56%: >16cm (31/55)
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Breeding progress- Mozambique
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n 350 F5 lines with long and short root hairs developed
Breeding progress- Mozambique
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n 350 F5 lines with long and short root hairs developed
n Identified sources with good root traits for low P and drought stress adaptability
Breeding progress- Mozambique
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n 350 F5 lines with long and short root hairs developed
n Identified sources with good root traits for low P and drought stress adaptability
n Low P: Cal 143, Sug 131, 13 lines from Lichinga, AFR 298, Carioca, Kakhi, Doutor, Catarina, D. Calima, PVA 773, Cal 96, 10 Bilfa lines (33)
Breeding progress- Mozambique
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n 350 F5 lines with long and short root hairs developed
n Identified sources with good root traits for low P and drought stress adaptability
n Low P: Cal 143, Sug 131, 13 lines from Lichinga, AFR 298, Carioca, Kakhi, Doutor, Catarina, D. Calima, PVA 773, Cal 96, 10 Bilfa lines (33)
n Drought: Tio canela, BAT 477, SEQ 1003, VAX 1, Ser 16, 12 Bilfa lines (17)
Breeding progress- Mozambique
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n 350 F5 lines with long and short root hairs developed
n Identified sources with good root traits for low P and drought stress adaptability
n Low P: Cal 143, Sug 131, 13 lines from Lichinga, AFR 298, Carioca, Kakhi, Doutor, Catarina, D. Calima, PVA 773, Cal 96, 10 Bilfa lines (33)
n Drought: Tio canela, BAT 477, SEQ 1003, VAX 1, Ser 16, 12 Bilfa lines (17)
n Currently we are increasing seed for yield evaluation on-station and on-farm
Breeding progress- Mozambique
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Capacity Building • Development of lab at Sussendenga
• Degree and short term training of IIAM staff
• support for Sussundenga lab• establishment of field facili1es for drought, low P studies
representa1ve of stressful African soils
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Breeding Progress -‐ Central America
• Improved bean lines with enhanced levels of tolerance to drought and low P released and disseminated for Central America.
• Inbred backcross (IB) popula1ons from small red improved cul1vars developed and tested in Honduras (IB lines with different root traits iden1fied for mul1line trials).
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Development and Release of Improved Bean Cul1vars and
Breeding Lines during FY11 & FY12 Releases of tolerant cul.vars (collabora.on with CIAT, DGPC/UPR Project and CA/C-‐ Bean Research Network):
• Five small red cul.vars tolerant to drought/low soil fer.lity , resistant to BGMYV and BCMV, released in Nicaragua (2010), El Salvador and Honduras (2012).
• Two small red drought tolerant, BGYMV and BCMV resistant cul.vars, with >10% higher iron content, released in Nicaragua (2010), El Salvador (2011) and Honduras (2012).
• Four small black drought/low fer.lity tolerant, BGMYV and BCMV resistant cul.vars released in Hai. (2009-‐11) and Guatemala (2010).
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Development and Release of Improved Bean Cul1vars and
Breeding Lines during FY11 & FY12 Dissemina.on of improved lines:• More than 50 drought, low fer1lity and/or heat tolerant trials
(ERSEQ, ERSEBAF, PASEBAF, ERSAT) distributed for tes1ng to Bean Research Network CA/C collaborators (2007-‐11) .
• 50 small red and black lines sent to Julie G. Lauren (Cornell U) for tes1ng in Kenya (2008).
• Drought/low fer1lity tolerant IBC and RBF small red and black lines sent for tes1ng in Angola (2008).
• 50 small red, black and white lines sent to IIAM, Mozambique (2010).
• IB lines (Amadeus 77 background) tested in Honduras and PSU (2011).
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Capacity Building • Purchase of equipment (Winrhizo) to conduct root traits
studies at Zamorano.
• Soil cylinder and pot systems established for bean root phenotyping studies under drought/low P stress at EAP.
• Research plots to study tolerance to drought and low P at EAP/Zamorano (3 PSU graduate and 6 senior EAP students have conducted their field research at this site).
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Henry et al 2010
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P runoff reduced 50-70%
Henry et al 2010
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new bean lines have less soil erosion
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P-efficient beans reduce soil runoff in Northern Mozambique by 33%
new bean lines have less soil erosion
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P-efficient beans increase BNF in Northern Mozambique by 2-4x
P-‐efficient P-‐inefficient
N2 fi
xa/o
n, kg ha
-‐1
a
b
c cc
d
lime + inoculum
lime
inoculum
new bean lines have greater BNFnew bean lines have less soil erosion
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new bean lines have greater BNFnew bean lines have less soil erosion
new bean lines perform well in maize intercrops
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new bean lines have greater BNFnew bean lines have less soil erosion
new bean lines perform well in maize intercrops
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new bean lines have greater BNFnew bean lines have less soil erosion
new bean lines perform well in maize intercrops
P efficient beans did not reduce maize yields at low P
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new bean lines have greater BNFnew bean lines have less soil erosion
new bean lines perform well in maize intercrops
P efficient beans did not reduce maize yields at low P
checking if new bean lines utilize RP better
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do new bean lines benefit people?
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Socio-economics findings
Background: Baseline research
n Total 8 research sites: 2 per region in Angonia, Gurue, Lichinga, Sussundenga n Total of 4 baseline survey instruments. n Focus on: trait preferences decision-making (technology uptake) seed access – different channels economic and social networks seed sharing behaviors
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Baseline research
Observations from baseline: nAccess historically limited at sites: more than 70% of households report never having received improved seed. nAsked about perception of availability of good bean seed: only 6% on average of women report no problem. Higher among men (but signif. diffs. across sites) nAdult male/female preferences differ for some -- but not all attributes. Males more likely to focus on: complementary input requirements return from spatially differentiated markets Females more likely to focus on: bean traits preferred for household consumption specific varieties marketable directly by them (sell to door-to-door traders, etc.)
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Agricultural sharing networks – regional differences observed (intra-region differences less pronounced)
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The challenge of translational research
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genome
which genes?regulation?
interactions?
The challenge of translational research
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agronome
productivity?resource use?
species interactionssustainability?
equity?
genome
which genes?regulation?
interactions?
The challenge of translational research
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agronome
productivity?resource use?
species interactionssustainability?
equity?
phenome
which traits?costs & benefits?
tradeoffs?integrated phenotypes
genome
which genes?regulation?
interactions?
The challenge of translational research
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Summary
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
• Methods developed for rapid root phenotyping
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
• Methods developed for rapid root phenotyping
• Huge phenotypic variation for root traits identified in bean germplasm, with gene pools having contrasting and possibly complementary benefits
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
• Methods developed for rapid root phenotyping
• Huge phenotypic variation for root traits identified in bean germplasm, with gene pools having contrasting and possibly complementary benefits
• Breeding programs in Central America (Juan Carlos Rosas) and Mozambique (Celestina Jochua) are integrating root phenotyping into their selection regimes
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
• Methods developed for rapid root phenotyping
• Huge phenotypic variation for root traits identified in bean germplasm, with gene pools having contrasting and possibly complementary benefits
• Breeding programs in Central America (Juan Carlos Rosas) and Mozambique (Celestina Jochua) are integrating root phenotyping into their selection regimes
• Bean lines with root traits enhancing P acquisition have several agroecological benefits, including reduced erosion, greater BNF, and benign intercropping effects that should preserve and enhance soil fertility over time
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
• Methods developed for rapid root phenotyping
• Huge phenotypic variation for root traits identified in bean germplasm, with gene pools having contrasting and possibly complementary benefits
• Breeding programs in Central America (Juan Carlos Rosas) and Mozambique (Celestina Jochua) are integrating root phenotyping into their selection regimes
• Bean lines with root traits enhancing P acquisition have several agroecological benefits, including reduced erosion, greater BNF, and benign intercropping effects that should preserve and enhance soil fertility over time
• Socioeconomic analysis confirms need for improved lines as well as constraints to dissemination
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Summary
• Several root traits identified associated with substantial variation in yield under drought and low P
• Methods developed for rapid root phenotyping
• Huge phenotypic variation for root traits identified in bean germplasm, with gene pools having contrasting and possibly complementary benefits
• Breeding programs in Central America (Juan Carlos Rosas) and Mozambique (Celestina Jochua) are integrating root phenotyping into their selection regimes
• Bean lines with root traits enhancing P acquisition have several agroecological benefits, including reduced erosion, greater BNF, and benign intercropping effects that should preserve and enhance soil fertility over time
• Socioeconomic analysis confirms need for improved lines as well as constraints to dissemination
• Poised for serious progress
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