improving soil health in mexican agriculture soil health in mexican agriculture ravi gopal singh...
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Improving soil health in Mexican Agriculture
Ravi Gopal [email protected]
International climate smart agriculture webinar
Autoconsumo
• Mono cropping• Soil erosion• Varieties: Criollo, Limited use of hybrids and improved• Planting density: 30-40 k maize,• Nutrient management: Imbalance, no fertilizer,
Foliar/ Time of application• Weed management: herbicide mixture, crop based • Pest and disease management: mostly chemical
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Comercial Agriculture• Monocropping• High cost of production• Inappropriate nutrient
management• Inadequate weed management• Excessive tillage• Inefficient use of water• Pesticide mixtures• Labor shortage• Soil degradation
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010002000300040005000600070008000
Gra
in Y
ield
(kg/
ha)
Year of Harvest
Average Wheat Grain Yield Trend in Farmer Fields in the Yaqui Valley from 1951 to 2014
Yield = -3.54 x 10 to the 6th + 3494x -0.856x2
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Mono-cropping: Maize: Chiapas
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Mono-cropping: Wheat, Mexicali
Average OM, hydraulic conductivity and N Use in Valley de Yaqui, 1945-95
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995
OM ( %)
Hydraulic conductivity (cm/hr)
N doses (kg/ha) in Wheat
N d
oses
(Kg/
ha)
OM
(%) &
Hyd
raul
ic c
ondu
ctiv
ity (c
m/H
r)
Jaime Xavier Uvalle Bueno, Personal communication, 2017
On-station research
Cd. Obregón39 mArid, irrigatedWheat-basedHigh-input
Agua Fría60 m
Tlaltizapán940 m
MexicoCity
El Batán*2249 mSemi-aridMaize and small grainLow-input
Toluca2640 m
High rainfallMaize-based
Low-input
Mexicali22 m
• based on long-term and component technology trials in 3 contrasting agro-ecological environments
Conservation agriculture as foundation for sustainable cropping systems
• Builds on 3 components– Soil surface cover => rational– Minimal soil movement– Crop diversification => economic
Without residue With residueZero tillage
Long term experiment: El Batan (D5)
5,649 kg/ha 3,635 kg/ha 7,877 kg/ha 7,418 kg/ha
N. Verhulst, 2016
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Grai
n yi
eld
/ Re
ndim
ient
o (k
g/ha
at 1
2% H₂O
)
Harvest year / Año de cosecha
Conventional till beds, residues incorporated / Camas con labranza convencional, rastrojo incorporado
Permanent beds, residues burned / Camas permanentes, rastrojo quemado
Permanent beds, 70% residues removed / Camas permanentes, 70% del rastrojo removido
Permanent beds, residues retained / Camas permanentes, rastrojo retenido
Long term experiment: Ciudad Obregón, irrigated wheat
Technology Adaptation and Adoption inInnovation Hubs
Uso de tecnologías MasAgro a nivel Estatal 2016 (Porcentaje en el uso de tecnología y número de bitácoras)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
BC Camp
Chp Chih Coah
Col Dgo Gto Gro Hgo Jal Mex Mich
Mor Oax Pbl Qro Slp Sin Son Tab Tlx Ver Yuc Zac
Agricultura de conservacion 6 16 113 10 5 2 107 61 32 23 43 20 199 21 44 2 40 86 5 24 14 5 37Herramientas de diagnóstico para N, P y K. 36 24 1 4 1 32 2 12 36 5 5 32 2 8 6 1 1 10 4Poscosecha 1 15 1 12 305 10 6 23 4 22 89 6 1 5 9 2Diversificación y acceso a nuevos mercados 3 27 37 13 4 14 2 7 14 9 1 3 1 20Fertilización integral 17 36 4 71 1 579 76 29 23 13 41 34 11 6 2 1 6 30 21 10Variedades adecuadas 28 36 1 8 565 115 13 58 29 293 118 25 21 2 38 44 18 7 13Otras 1 53 5 488 89 21 19 34 48 74 4 17 2 29 1 9 2 13
Porc
enta
je e
n el
uso
de
Tecn
olog
ías
Mas
Agro
Numero de bitácoras generadas por Tecnología a nivel Estatal
16
N management :Sinaloa
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N 240 N 150
After a heavy Rainfall event in Toluca RF
Conventional Conservation Agriculture
The MasAgro efforts
• 150 partners• 38 PF (120 ha)• 630 módulos (2.3K
ha) • 2,680 AE (6.4
Kha) • 371 F trgs (8889)• 52 Trn trg (1294)• Smart mech. 16 PT • Impacted 1.2
mha, 300 k farmers in 390 communities
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Sustainable Intensification Efforts
• 300 K Farmer• 900 K ha• 20% Yield increase in Maize• 2% Yield increase in wheat• Profitability increase 19%
for maize and 5% in wheat• Significantly reduction in
cost of production and improved soil health
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