improving fast fill with phase change materials...2016/04/21 · confidential need • alleviate...
TRANSCRIPT
Improving Fast Fill With Phase Change Materials Steelhead Composites – Booth E 70/1
Andrew Coors
CONFIDENTIAL
COMPANY PROFILE
Engineering platform company founded in 2012; In production since 2014
Capital efficient, scalable manufacturing in Golden Colorado
Significant IP in processes, programs and patents
Small and nimble
DOT, CE & ISO product certification
ISO 9001 and AS9100 certified quality management system
Full service engineering, testing, prototyping & production
Global customers in aerospace, defense, automotive, space, robotics, marine and oil & gas
Contract design and manufacturing of vessel and non-vessel composite structures
CONFIDENTIAL
US Department of Energy (DOE) is interested in reducing cost of H2 delivery at gas stations and Pre-cooling H2 gas during fast fill is expensive
…”smart hydrogen storage tank that can reduce or even eliminate the burden of precooling at the hydrogen refueling station without significantly impacting the performance of the hydrogen storage system. “
PURPOSE
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IDEA STARTED WITH UNDERWEAR
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Need
• Alleviate “incomplete” fills achieved during fast-fill of compressed gas storage vessels after the gas temperature settles down or decrease/eliminate need for prechiller
Concept Summary
• Apply phase change material (PCM) to COPV as an integral member or as a coating in order to absorb heat and improve fill capacity
• PCM to absorb latent heat from during fast-fill of compressed gas
• Maintaining lower temperature during fast-fill allows for more complete fill of
contained gas as density of gas remains higher
PROJECT SCOPE
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WHAT ARE PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS?
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10-20% mass increase in a PCM vessel during fast-fill, relative to non-PCM vessel (with greater potential in type 4 than type 3 vessels)
THEORETICAL PROJECTION
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HYDROGEN FAST FILL
Pressure rises, vessel temp rises
Pressure settles after vehicle leaves station
Less fill = less driving range
Source: Simulation of the Fast Filling of Hydrogen Tanks. Heitsch et al.
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ENCAPSULATED PCM
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• Micro-encapsulated PCM can be present in • Thermoplastic liner • Thermoset resin for composite overwrap • Thermoplastic resin for composite overwrap
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Material Development
• Filled-system allowing for spray-on application
• Epoxy-based film
• Epoxy-based film with conductivity improvements
Proof of Concept Vessels manufactured
• PCM applied
• Composite overwrap applied
• Autofrettage and Proof completed
Testing • Thermal testing with immersion heater in water
• Fast fill testing with CNG (no H2 filling near us)
PROJECT ADVANCEMENTS TO PRESENT
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PCM COATING IN TYPE 3 VESSEL
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TYPE 4 CONCEPT
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• Polymeric liners that allow/provide • Thermal conductivity • Encapsulated PCM • Low permeability to H2 gas • Good thermal interface to metallic polar bosses • Adequate fatigue performance
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PCM IN TYPE 4 VESSELS
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• Active thermal management in Type 4 liners can be achieved by: • Plastic liners with embedded PCM • Improved through thickness thermal conductivity in
composite overwrap • Purpose designed thermal interface between the liner and
overwrap
* Thermal Behavior in Hydrogen Storage Tank for Fuel Cell Vehicle on Fast Filling, Hirotani et. Al., WHEC 16, 2006
*
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Material Development
• Tailor melt temperature, loading, conductivity of PCM
• Minimize overall mass of added PCM materials
• Embed dangling chain PCM into polymeric matrix for type 4 molding
Manufacturability
• Develop format of PCM materials appropriate for (semi-) automatic application
Validation
• Fast-fill testing to show targeted 10-20% mass gained during fast fill
NEXT STEPS
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Patents
• US 2014/0305950 A1 • Issued Oct 6, 2014
• US 2016/0109065 A1 • Issued: Apr 21,2016
Trade Secret
• Phase change material (PCM)
• PCM matrix material
• Matrix filler materials
• Conductivity enhancement
• Application methods
• Optimization of composite layup integrating the PCM layer
IP