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8/18/2019 Importance of Textiles 131019005115 Phpapp02

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IMPORTANCE OF TEXTILES

TEXTILES ARE USED TO PROTECT OUR BODYFROM ENVIRONMENT i.e. COLD, HOTNESS,WIND, RAIN

ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES TEXTILES IN MAYWAYS. AT THE SAME TIME, TEXTILE

PRODUCTION INFLUENCES THE ENVIRONMENT

SIGNIFICANTLỲ̀̀


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FIBRES A Fibre is one which is plyable

continuous or discontinuoushaving a very high ratio betweenlength and width 1:1,00,000

YARNS Yarn is a twisted arrangement of

bre assembly which has receivednal attenuation

STAPLEStaple is a parallel assembly of fibres


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FILAMENTFilament is a continuous fibre having a length of

several thousand metres.STAPLE FIBRE

Staple fibre is a discontinuous fibre e.g.cotton,

wool NATURAL FIBRE

A fibre which is available from natureCELLULOSIC FIBRE

Cellulosic fibre is one which is composed ofcarbon, hydrogen and oxygen i.e glucosemolecules (e.g.)cotton,viscose polynosic


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PROTEIN FIBRE A bre composed of carbon,

hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogenmolecules i .e. protein polymer

MINERAL FIBRE A bre produced from earth e.g.

asbestos & metal threadsVEGETALE FIBRE

Fibres are produced from vegetableorigin e.g. cotton, linen, jute, ramie


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ANIMAL FIBRESFibres which are produced from

animals such as sheep e.g. wool,silk,camel hair

MAN-MADE FIBRESMan-made bres are produced from bre forming polymers which are

converted into bres after severalchemical treatments and spun bywet, dry and melt spinningtechniques.


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REGENERATED FIRBES!egenerated fibres are the fibres whichare produced from the fibre formingsubstances available from nature after

purification and spinning e.g. viscose, polynosic rayon

S NT!ETIC FIBRESSynthetic fibres are the fibres which are

produced from petro chemicals such asethylene, acetylene, propylene, ben"ene,ammonia and xylene


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SYNTHESIS

It is a process in which several moleculesof different elements are combined i.e. it isa process of combination.

POLY E!IS"TIONPol#merisation is a process in whichseveral molecules of same monomer ordifferent monomers are combined to forma $iant si%e molecule havin$ a ver# hi$hmolecular wei$ht.


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ADDITION POLYMER A product produced out of

polymerisation is called polymer. Addition polymer is the polymerproduced from the same monomer i.e.polyethylele, polypropylene

CONDENSATION POLYMER A polymer produced from two different

monomers with the elimination of wateror any other component e.g. polyester,nylon

ELASTOMERIC FIBRE A bre which posses very high elongationi.e.500% to 700% e.g. polyurethene,polyethene (spandex)


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WEFT YARNWeft yarn is a yarn used in the crosswise direction of the fabric in themanufacture of woven fabric. It

possesses slighthosiery yarn i.e. 15% to 20% morethan knitting yarn

WARP YARNWarp yarn is a yarn used inlongitudinal direction of the fabricwhich possesses very good strength.This yarn is given about 30% more

twist than hosiery yarn


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HIGH TWIST YARNHigh twist yarn is yarn used for makingspecial type of fabrics (voile fabrics). Thisyarn contains about 70% to 80% moretwist than hosiery yarn.

CARDED YARNCarded yarn is a yarn which is producedwithout any removal of short bre

COMBED YARNCombed yarn is a yarn which is producedafter the removal of short bres i.e. lessthan 12.7mm length


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BLENDED ARN#lended yarn is one which is produced by

means of combing two different fibres fromtwo different sources

$olyester % Cotton yarn $olyester % Cotton yarn

$olyester % Cotton yarn$olyester % Cotton yarn

FANC ARNSFancy yarn is one which contains some

special effects such as slub, nep, flame and&nops in the yarni.e. to ma&e the fabrics attractive


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PROCESSSPINNING

Spinning is converted into yarn

WEAVING Weaving is a process of interlacing yarn in themanufacture of fabrics

KINTTINGKnitting is a process of looping the yarn into

fabrics

NON-WOVENNon-woven is a process in which the fabric is

produced by means of bonding techniques


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YARN MAKING PROCESSGINNING

It is a process of separating bres from Kapas(i.e.paruthi)

QUALITYQuality means degree of perfection

MIXING It is a process of combining two or more cottonvarieties

BLENDINGIt is a process of combining bres from two ormore reso urces e.g. polyester / cotton


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YARN MAKING PROCESSBLOWROOM

It is a sequence of opening and cleaningmachines connected one after the other to cleanthe cotton bres

CARDINGIt is also a process of cleaning in which the

bres are opened, cleaned, drafted, separated,individualized and nally made into a rope formassembly of bres ca lled sliver

COMBING

Combing is a process of short bre removalDRAWING

Drawing is a process of improving the evennessi.e.uniformity


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YARN MAKING PROCESSROVING(SIMPLEX)

It is a process of size reduction i..e reduction process

RING SPINNINGIt is a process of making yarn using a machinecalled ring spinning

AUTO CONEWINDINGIt is a nishing process where the yarn is woundon a cone package to improve the effi ciency ofsubsequent processes in the manufacture of fabrics

REELINGReeling is a process in which the yarn is wound fora length of 1680 yards or more to produce fabricsin the handloom sector


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YARN MAKING PROCESS

DOUBLINGDoubling is a process of combining two ormore yarns together by twist

RING DOUBLING A ring doubling is

TWO-FOR-ONE TWISTERIn this machine, one revolution of spindlegives two twists in the yarn


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YARN MAKING PROCESS

BUNDLING & BALINGBundling is a process of making a yarn bundlehaving a weight of 2.27 kg or 4.4 kg. A machineused for this purpose is called Bundling Machineor Bundling Press

DOUBLINGDoubling is a process of combining two or moreyarns together by twist

RING DOUBLING A ring doubling is used

TWO-FOR-ONE TWISTERIn this machine, one revolution of spindle gives two

twists in the yarn


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YARN MAKING PROCESS

BUNDLING & BALINGBundling is a process of making a yarn bundlehaving a weight of 2.27 kg or 4.4 kg. A machineused for this purpose is called Bundling Machine

or Bundling Press

BALINGBaling is a processing in which a bale is made fromyarn bundles. The bale weight is 90 kg. A machineused for this purpose is called Baling Press.


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FABRIC MAKING PROCESS WOVEN FABRIC

WARPINGIt is a process in which a sheet of yarn is made from500 to 600 ends and wound on the beam for a lengthof about 15000 -30000 metres.

PIRN WINDINGIt is a machine which is used to wind the weft yarnon a pirn.

SIZINGSizing is a p rocess in which the warp sheet is coated

with adhesive solution (i


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FABRIC MAKING PROCESS

DRAWING, REEDING & DANTING

It is a process in which the yarn is drawn through stopmotion wire, heald wire and reed wire

WEAVINGWeaving is a process in which the warp and weft yarn are

interlaced by a machine called loom

HANDLOOMHandloom is the loom operated by hand & legs

POWERLOOMIt is operated by electronic motor

SHUTTLELOOM A shuttle loom is one which produces


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FABRIC MAKING PROCESS

AUTOMATIC LOOMIt is a loom in which the pirn in the shuttle is

changed automatically by a separate mechanism.

SHUTTLELESS LOOMIn this type of loom, the weft yarn is carried

without any shuttle by a projectile or rapier orairjet or waterjet


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CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF FABRICS

SINGEING

It is a process of removing the protruding bres from thesurface of the fabric

DESIZINGDesizing is a process in which the sizing mateiral is removed

from the warp yarn of the fabric by means of dilute acids or

enzymesSCOURING

Scouring is a p rocess in which all the impurities are removed from the fabric other than natural colourg matt

BLEACHINGBleaching is a process making the fabric white using hyphochlorite solution or hydrogen peroxide or sodium chlorite


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CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF FABRICS

DYEINGDyeing is a process in which the fabric is treated with dyesolution to make the fabric into colour fabric

PRINTING Printing is a process in which different designs are

on the su rface of the fabric

FINISHINGIt is the last process in the fabric to achieve the desired effectby chemical and mechanical treatments

GSM – Gram per square metre of the fabric

FABRIC COVER FACTORThe extent to which the warp yarn & weft yarn are closely laidin the fabric. It is indicated by a number 16 to 28.

HIGHER THE NUMBER, CLOSER THE TEXTURE AND VICE VERSA

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