importance of soil testing hailin zhang department of plant and soil sciences
TRANSCRIPT
-
Importance of Soil TestingHailin ZhangDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences
-
Precision Nutrient ManagementStrategiesGrid soil samplingApparent Electrical ConductivityYield monitor/mappingSensing techniques
-
Purposes of Soil SamplingMeasure the nutrient content or availability of the soilIdentify nutrient deficienciesPredict crop response to added nutrientsBuild a nutrient management plan
-
Soil Testing History1842 - Liebig stated his law of the minimum.1843 - Rothamsted Experimental Station established.1892 - Magruder Plots established in Stillwater, OK.1909 - E.A. Mitscherlich related plant growth to nutrients.1920s - Bray, Hester, Morgan, Spurway, and Troug developed the concept of labile versus total analysis.1940s & 50s - Use of fertilizers spur interest in soil testing as a management tool.1960s - Evolution of soil testing continues as technological advances allow for improvements in analysis, correlation, and interpretation.
-
Milestones in Soil and Plant AnalysispH Electrode 1932Flame Photometer 1940Bray 1945Olsen 1954P - Ascorbic Acid Determination 1962Atomic Absorption 1960ICP 1970sDTPA 1978PC Computer 1980Mehlich 3 1984
-
Soil and plant testsAnimal WasteWaterFeed and forage
OSU Cooperative Extension
Describe how to collect a representative litter sample in a house like this. See reference Sample Animal Manure for Analysis.
-
Directly Serving All Counties, in Oklahoma; Also serve state, tribal and federal agencies, consultants, researchers and students.
-
Number of Samples Analyzed Since 1986
Chart1
28094
24885
31091
24261
23771
26193
30860
29093
35650
29445
34376
31590
29079
31270
32510
39478
46019
42833
41848
52001
54784
56152
No. of Samples
Year
No. of Samples
Sheet1
YearNo. of Samples
198628094
198724885
198831091
198924261
199023771
199126193
199230860
199329093
199435650
199529445
199634376
199731590
199829079
199931270
200032510
200139478
200246019
200342833
200441848
200552001
200654784
200756152
Sheet1
No. of Samples
Year
No. of Samples
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Soil Test Results of Oklahoma Cropland
pH7.5%25%48%19%8%Nitrate-N40%43%29%18%10%STP300 %71%16%9%4%STK350%8%36%20%37%
-
Soil Samples from One Producer
Lab ID Sample pH NO3-N (lbs/A) P (lbs/A) K (lbs/A) 51240866.94052101051241077303688251241185.21816272651241294.832173654
-
Variety Response to Soil pHCuster, Ok101, Jagalene, Jagger, 2174, AP502Cl, Ok102, 2137 LimedNot Limed
-
Ok 101
-
The state-of-the-art equipments;dedicated and well trained technicians;technical support;develop and validate methods; research to ensure accurate recommendations
-
QC/ QA Program in placeUse:Internal & ExternalCheck Samples
-
ProducerCounty ExtensionUSPS MailOSU Mailing ServicesSWFAL Login RoomReports Online
-
Scooping samples for extractionOne acre to 6 inch deep contains about 2 million lbs of soil
-
The greatest potentialfor error in soil testingis in taking the sample
-
Considerations for Soil sampling StrategiesLocate variability responsive to fertilizer and limeObtain a sample that accurately represents the area sampledBalance cost of sampling with the value of information
-
Recognize Field Nutrient VariabilityNitrate - Nitrogenlbs/acre 0-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-80 >80(Nitrate-N within a 75 x 75 plot)
-
20 cores are needed to make a representativecomposite sample in order to get reliable soil test results
Chart1
42
37
49
57
46
47
44
39.5
36.5
42.5
47
45
45.7
45.6
43
42.8
45
45.2
44.4
44.2
44.8
45
44.8
44.5
Number of Samplesin a Composite
Nitrate-N (lb/A)
Sheet1
Number of SamplesNitrate-N (lb/A)
242
337
449
557
646
747
844
939.5
1036.5
1142.5
1247
1345
1445.7
1545.6
1643
1742.8
1845
1945.2
2044.4
2144.2
2244.8
2345
2444.8
2544.5
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Samples
Nitrate-N (lb/A)
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Soil Sampling StrategiesWhole field composites: Composite sample representing the average nutrient status of the field **************
-
55350261224DepthP (ppm)P Changes with Depth (no-till)31
-
Soil Probe
Get a Representative Sample
Clean Bucket
Right Depth
15-20 cores
Obtain the correct tool for soil sampling. The best tool is a soil probe or auger with depth marks. A clean plastic bucket is also needed for holding soil cores and mixing before putting in sample bags. Check with your county extension office if you need to borrow one.
Make up a composite sample from the sampling area. The composite is made up of from 15 to 20 cores from the area to be sampled. When sampling with a probe, simply push the probe to the specified depth as close as possible, 6-inch depth has been used in Oklahoma for crop nutrient recommendation.
-
Soil Sampling Strategies2. Zone composites: Break field based on known or expected source of variability
-
Soil Sampling Strategies3. Grid Sampling: Break field based on ordered patternGrid cell method: similar to whole fieldGrid center methodPoint sampling*******************
-
Field Soil Sampling, Soil Testing, and Making Fertilizer Recommendations Exercise 1. Random sampling of the entire field , 25 cores of soil from a 0-6 depth filling two soil sample bags from the composite mixture 2. Grid-cell sampling 15 cores of soil from a 0-6 depth 3. High resolution 15 cores of soil from a 0-6 depth
-
XXXXXXXXXXXXXWhole field1 acre gridSub-gridCenter areaPointXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX********
-
Whole fieldsample pH:
Team 1: 6.0, 6.1 Team 2: 6.4, 6.4
-
Chart3
117145111
140140179
221267250
195184203
1227945
1239876
8071104
452933
802817
748686
805752
573022
564747
884170
117119113
163184240
9211480
908761
6481101
333836
373140
544557
853953
656665
94.916666666787.7589.2083333333
Random Area
Center Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test P (pp2m)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 24 1-acre cells of a cultivated field, on soil STP.
Sheet1
Whole Field Soil Sampling
Lab 1Random 15.87.214109157
Lab 1Random 25.87.215105158
Lab 2Random 15.77.11898150
Lab 2Random 25.77.018100151
1-Acre Cell Sampling
Soil, Water & Forage Analytical LaboratorySamplepHBINO3-NPKSamplepHBINO3-NPKSamplepHBINO3-NPK
Soils Class Sample Data and Statistics1-a7.2361171621-ca6.7211451741-p7.343111158
Samples logged in on 11/7/022-a5.57.1221401552-ca5.97.2151401442-p5.67.117179144
Dr. Johnson3-a6.6192211723-ca6.7212672123-p6.714250190
4-a6.2111951474-ca5.67.0131841334-p5.67.115203133
pHBIT_No3PK5-a6.3211221595-ca6.512791455-p6.41145149
Count1271111271271276-a6.07.2231231326-ca6.17.222981446-p6.31776145
Average5.77.016801357-a5.77.123801217-ca5.67.134711147-p5.67.032104148
Min4.80000019076.70422708-a5.47.01445988-ca5.67.01429978-p5.77.11233122
Max7.30000019077.20582672289-a5.67.113801089-ca5.57.012281089-p5.77 717147
Median5.59999990467146813310-a5.77.1127411410-ca5.56.9118611510-p5.07.05886123
Mode5.30000019077144514411-a6.2218013811-ca5.37.0185711811-p5.26.81152120
12-a5.57.1135713812-ca5.37.0113011712-p5.37.0722124
SOIL ROUTINE TEST SUMMARY13-a5.37.1235612213-ca5.27.0204710713-p5.16.91247119
14-a6.07.2228814714-ca5.37.116419714-p5.17.01470121
pH7.5Total15-a6.17.21411720415-ca6.17.21511917615-p6.07.112113189
Count51746312716-a6.32216319516-ca6.22018422816-p6.515240227
Percent37.01%58.27%4.72%.%17-a5.77.1219214317-ca5.87.22011415517-p6.07.21880179
NO34018-a5.87.1139014418-ca5.46.9238714018-p5.77.11461174
Count267923612719-a5.67.0166415019-ca5.37.1198111019-p5.36.816101139
Percent18.11%62.20%18.11%1.57%20-a5.47.0213312820-ca5.77.193813620-p5.76.9836165
P30021-a5.47.0183715021-ca5.46.9163114621-p5.47.01140190
Count67541601273026262511/7/025.77 71714722-a5.97.1115415022-ca6.07.144515222-p6.2457160
Percent44.88%42.52%12.60%.%23-a5.47.0138513523-ca5.27.0173912123-p5.06.93653109
K35024-a5.37.1266512324-ca5.17.0356613124-p5.37.11365111
Count558300127Ave5.87.118.794.9143.1Ave5.77.017.487.8138.3Ave5.77.017.889.2149.4
Percent34.65%65.35%.%.%Stdev0.50.15.947.824.7Stdev0.50.17.060.633.2Stdev0.60.112.665.530.2
CV8.01.031.750.317.3CV8.31.440.169.024.0CV10.31.670.973.420.2
LabIDCustCodeSampleClass IDSamplepHBIPK
302617950111-p7.3431111581
302618950422-p5.67.1171791442
302620950733-p6.7142501903
3026219501044-p5.67.1152031334
3026229501355-p6.411451495High Resolution Sampling of 1-acre Cell 8
3026239501666-p6.317761456SamplepHBINO3-NPKSamplepHBINO3-NPK
3026249501977-p5.67.03210414871-a5.97.116821572-p6.07.1945129
3026259502288-p5.77.1123312282-a5.87.118801391-p5.97.11455162
3026269502599-p5.77 71714793-a6.06.98751453-p6.07.0679167
302627950281010-p5.07.05886123104-a5.87.012791454-p6.07.0868149
302628950311111-p5.26.81152120115-a5.47.017781045-p5.36.91272113
302630950341212-p5.37.0722124126-a6.07.214891606-p5.97.01253171
302631950371313-p5.16.91247119137-a5.87.014681447-p5.86.91368184
302632950401414-p5.17.01470121148-a5.77.113811488-p6.07.11090151
302633950431515-p6.07.112113189159-a5.67.011451199-p5.56.91056129
302634950461616-p6.5152402271610-a5.57.1135410410-p5.37.02844107
302635950491717-p6.07.218801791711-a6.07.287612311-p6.07.110102143
302636950521818-p5.77.114611741812-a5.67.0147311312-p5.37.01765130
302637950551919-p5.36.8161011391913-a5.57.195610313-p5.47.01260116
302638950582020-p5.76.98361652014-a5.36.9134710114-p5.37.01341110
302640950612121-p5.47.011401902115-a5.36.965010515-p5.37.1749111
302641950642222-p6.24571602216-a5.97.01410014216-p6.07.210150164
302642950672323-p5.06.936531092317-a5.77.1186711417-p5.77.2957119
302643950702424-p5.37.113651112418-a5.46.915499718-p5.77.1769111
Ave5.77.017.889.2149.4ave19-a5.06.79378319-p5.16.954687
Stdev0.60.112.665.530.220-a4.96.99488820-p4.97.094085
CV10.31.670.973.420.221-a5.87.2169813921-p5.67.21355100
30264495021011-ca6.72114517422-a5.57.0204812822-p5.47.12557120
30264595051022-ca5.97.21514014423-a5.26.8143811423-p5.07.0284198
30264695081033-ca6.72126721224-a5.07.011297524-p4.87.092573
302647950111044-ca5.67.01318413325-a4.97.08458725-p5.07.073770
302648950141055-ca6.51279145Ave5.57.115.086.2136.7Ave5.57.012.161.0124.0
302650950171066-ca6.17.22298144Stdev0.40.14.327.028.1Stdev0.40.16.325.231.1
302651950201077-ca5.67.13471114CV6.61.428.631.420.5CV7.11.351.741.425.1
302652950231088-ca5.67.0142997
302653950261099-ca5.57.01228108SamplepHBINO3-NPK
3026549502911010-ca5.56.91186115CIDD19-85.07.074390
3026559503211111-ca5.37.01857118CIDD18-85.17.01862114
3026569503511212-ca5.37.01130117
3026579503811313-ca5.27.02047107
3026589504111414-ca5.37.1164197
3026609504411515-ca6.17.215119176
3026619504711616-ca6.220184228
3026629505011717-ca5.87.220114155
3026639505311818-ca5.46.92387140
3026649505611919-ca5.37.11981110
3026659505912020-ca5.77.1938136
3026669506212121-ca5.46.91631146
3026679506512222-ca6.07.1445152
3026689506812323-ca5.27.01739121
3026709507112424-ca5.17.03566131
Ave5.77.017.487.8138.3
Stdev0.50.17.060.633.2
CV8.31.440.169.024.0
30267195032011-a7.236117162
30267295062022-a5.57.122140155
30267395092033-a6.619221172
302674950122044-a6.211195147
302675950152055-a6.321122159
302676950182066-a6.07.223123132
302677950212077-a5.77.12380121
302678950242088-a5.47.0144598
302680950272099-a5.67.11380108
3026819503021010-a5.77.11274114
3026829503321111-a6.22180138
3026839503621212-a5.57.11357138
3026849503921313-a5.37.12356122
3026859504221414-a6.07.22288147
3026869504521515-a6.17.214117204
3026879504821616-a6.322163195
3026889505121717-a5.77.12192143
3026909505421818-a5.87.11390144
3026919505721919-a5.67.01664150
3026929506022020-a5.47.02133128
3026939506322121-a5.47.01837150
3026949506622222-a5.97.11154150
3026959506922323-a5.47.01385135
3026969507222424-a5.37.12665123
AveAve5.87.118.794.9143.1
StdevStdev0.50.15.947.824.7
CVCV8.01.031.750.317.3
30269795075302hr-2-p6.07.19451291
30269895073301hr-1-p5.97.114551622
30270095077303hr-3-p6.07.06791673
30270195079304hr-4-p6.07.08681494
30270295081305hr-5-p5.36.912721135
30270395083306hr-6-p5.97.012531716
30270495085307hr-7-p5.86.913681847
30270595087308hr-8-p6.07.110901518
30270695089309hr-9-p5.56.910561299
30270795091310hr-10-p5.37.0284410710
30270895093311hr-11-p6.07.11010214311
30271095095312hr-12-p5.37.0176513012
30271195097313hr-13-p5.47.0126011613
30271295099314hr-14-p5.37.0134111014
302713950101315hr-15-p5.37.174911115
302714950103316hr-16-p6.07.21015016416
302715950105317hr-17-p5.77.295711917
302716950107318hr-18-p5.77.176911118
302717950109319hr-19-p5.16.95468719
302718950111320hr-20-p4.97.09408520
302720950113321hr-21-p5.67.2135510021
302721950115322hr-22-p5.47.1255712022
302722950117323hr-23-p5.07.028419823
302723950119324hr-24-p4.87.09257324
302758950121325hr-25-p5.07.07377025
Ave5.57.012.161.0124.0ave
Stdev0.40.16.325.231.1
CV7.11.351.741.425.1
30272495074401hr-1-a5.97.11682157
30272595076402hr-2-a5.87.11880139Lab 1Random 15.87.214109157
30272695078403hr-3-a6.06.9875145Lab 1Random 25.87.215105158
30272795080404hr-4-a5.87.01279145Lab 2Random 15.77.11898150
30272895082405hr-5-a5.47.01778104Lab 2Random 25.77.018100151
30273095084406hr-6-a6.07.21489160CIDD19-85.07.074390
30273195086407hr-7-a5.87.01468144CIDD18-85.17.01862114
30273295088408hr-8-a5.77.11381148
30273395090409hr-9-a5.67.01145119
30273495092410hr-10-a5.57.11354104
30273595094411hr-11-a6.07.2876123
30273695096412hr-12-a5.67.01473113
30273795098413hr-13-a5.57.1956103
302738950100414hr-14-a5.36.91347101
302740950102415hr-15-a5.36.9650105
302741950104416hr-16-a5.97.014100142
302742950106417hr-17-a5.77.11867114
302743950108418hr-18-a5.46.9154997
302744950110419hr-19-a5.06.793783
302745950112420hr-20-a4.96.994888
302746950114421hr-21-a5.87.21698139
302747950116422hr-22-a5.57.02048128
302748950118423hr-23-a5.26.81438114
302750950120424hr-24-a5.07.0112975
302751950122425hr-25-a4.97.084587
Ave5.518.517.162.6111.5
Stdev0.050.819.724.732.8
CV0.0274.2115.739.429.4
302752950123501Lab 1Random 15.87.214109157
302753950124502Lab 1Random 25.87.215105158
302754950125503Lab 2Random 15.77.11898150
302755950126504Lab 2Random 25.77.018100151
302756950128506CIDD19-85.07.074390
302757950127505CIDD18-85.17.01862114
Sheet1
Random Area
Center Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test P (pp2m)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 24 1-acre cells of a cultivated field, on soil STP.
Sheet2
82
80
75
79
78
89
68
81
45
54
76
73
56
47
50
100
67
49
37
48
98
48
38
29
45
62.5954751161
Random Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test P (pp2m)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 25 cells within 1.0 acre (cell 8) of a cultivated field, on soil STP.
Sheet3
Random Area
Center Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test K (pp2m)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 24 1-acre cells of a cultivated field, on soil STK.
Random Area
Center Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil pH
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 24 1-acre cells of a cultivated field, on soil pH.
Random Area
Center Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil NO3-N (lb/acre)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 24 1-acre cells of a cultivated field, on soil NO3-N.
Random Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test pH
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 25 cells within 1.0 acre (cell 8) of a cultivated field, on soil pH.
16
18
8
12
17
14
14
13
11
13
8
14
9
13
6
14
18
15
9
9
16
20
14
11
8
17.0534270969
Random Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test NO3-N (lb/acre)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 25 cells within 1.0 acre (cell 8) of a cultivated field, on soil NO3-N .
157
139
145
145
104
160
144
148
119
104
123
113
103
101
105
142
114
97
83
88
139
128
114
75
87
111.4517264684
Random Area
Center Point
Cell Number
Soil Test K (pp2m)
Comparison of methods for sampling soil from 25 cells within 1.0 acre (cell 8) of a cultivated field, on soil STK.
-
Comparison of Whole Field Sample between 2000, 2001 and 2002
Gvjsoils (1)
Point SamplesArea Samples
Cell NopHBISur NO3PKpHBISur NO3PK
17.3301442106.734161190
25.67.1321871855.87.245191192
36.5572642546.557248197
467.2292471856.27.323213185
567.31062162566.27.372177235
65.87.24714119867.249159189
75.47.1411341595.57.150133153
85.47.1241001385.57.119106151
95.57.112261365.37.12458121
105.37.120941405.77.22674134
114.96.967691545.273363162
125.1719391495.174168161
1356.9331241575.2733127180
1467.2201752035.87.118142192
1567.2431572466.17.327197245
166.27.35724328167.256227291
1767.2612222335.87.242164226
185.97.226951985.87.142143222
195.37.1371071595.37.138106168
205.5722601905.473568199
215.3742581885.373449191
225.4756681815.573252208
235.16.917441575.16.82758165
2456.931461504.96.94863157
1005.97.2601902065.77.137.7127.0188.1Ave
2005.97.2631881960.50.113.261.737.7stdev
3005.67.13311418682354920C.V.
4005.67.133117180
2016.734161190
2025.87.245191192
2036.557248197
2046.27.323213185
2056.27.372177235
20667.249159189
2075.57.150133153
2085.57.119106151
2095.37.12458121
2105.77.22674134
2115.273363162
2125.174168161
2135.2733127180
2145.87.118142192
2156.17.327197245
21667.256227291
2175.87.242164226
2185.87.142143222
2195.37.138106168
2205.473568199
2215.373449191
2225.573252208
2235.16.82758165
2244.96.94863157
1-acre cell number 8; high density sampling
Cell NopHBISur NO3PK
15.77.126108200
25.87.116113198
35.673499213
45.3740107152
55.57.138135150
65754121124
75.173879131
85.771690192
95.772186229
105.87.232104219
115.97.11487181
125.373897179
135.57.12682150
145.371866124
155.47.12482121
165.97.218119161
175.37.12882147
185.372063129
194.974164109
205.17.12479101
215.87.231120154
225.373080146
23572466127
244.773765106
254.77.1458097
average5.47.129.391.0153.6
TestspHNO3-NSTPSTK
Year000102000102000102000102
1A65.95.8196014139190109197206157
1B6.15.95.8186315141188105195196158
2A6.45.65.728331815711498185186150
2B6.45.65.7283318160117100199180151
Ave.6.25.85.8234716149152103194192154
Gvjsoils (1)
7.36.7
5.65.8
6.56.5
66.2
66.2
5.86
5.45.5
5.45.5
5.55.3
5.35.7
4.95.2
5.15.1
55.2
65.8
66.1
6.26
65.8
5.95.8
5.35.3
5.55.4
5.35.3
5.45.5
5.15.1
54.9
Point pH
Area pH
3430
4532
5757
2329
72106
4947
5041
1924
2412
2620
3367
4119
3333
1820
2743
5657
4261
4226
3837
3522
3442
3256
2717
4831
Area NO3-N
Point NO3-N
161144
191187
248264
213247
177216
159141
133134
106100
5826
7494
6369
6839
127124
142175
197157
227243
164222
14395
106107
6860
4958
5268
5844
6346
Area STP
Point STP
Cell
Soil Test-P
Soil test P variability among 25 1-acre cells in a field, 2001
194177
204236
266251
292263
192273
177161
70138
36150
12490
7145
73108
7649
149137
146178
206191
265211
214239
135139
119109
7972
6061
5778
6354
6553
138.875144.2916666667
Area
Point
Cell
Soil Test P
Soil test P variability among 25 1-acre cells in a field, 2000.
190210
192185
197254
185185
235256
189198
153159
151138
121136
134140
162154
161149
180157
192203
245246
291281
226233
222198
168159
199190
191188
208181
165157
157150
Area STK
Point STK
201226
210220
217209
223212
244266
153180
128155
106156
179135
159162
168129
161156
176159
200225
264292
292290
233245
216210
157161
201220
219202
220267
160154
137146
192.6666666667199.0416666667
Area K
Point K
Cell
Soil Test K
Soil test P variability among 25 1-acre cells in a field, 2000.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
pH
NO3-N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Soil pH
Residual NO3-N (lb/acre)
-
Comparison of Area of Sampling for 2002
Gvjsoils (1)
Area Samples
Cell NoBIPpHSur NO3PK
11446.734161190
27.11875.845191192
32646.557248197
47.22476.223213185
57.32166.272177235
67.2141649159189
77.11345.550133153
87.11005.519106151
97.1265.32458121
107.1945.72674134
116.9695.23363162
127395.14168161
136.91245.233127180
147.21755.818142192
157.21576.127197245
167.3243656227291
177.22225.842164226
187.2955.842143222
197.11075.338106168
207605.43568199
217585.33449191
227685.53252208
236.9445.12758165
246.9464.94863157
1007.21905.737.7127.0188.1Ave
2007.21880.513.261.737.7stdev
3007.11148354920C.V.
4007.1117
201161
2027.2191
203248
2047.3213
2057.3177
2067.2159
2077.1133
2087.1106
2097.158
2107.274
211763
212768
2137127
2147.1142
2157.3197
2167.2227
2177.2164
2187.1143
2197.1106
220768
221749
222752
2236.858
2246.963
1-acre cell number 8; high density sampling
Cell NoBIP
17.1108
27.1113
3799
47107
57.1135
67121
7779
8790
9786
107.2104
117.187
12797
137.182
14766
157.182
167.2119
177.182
18763
19764
207.179
217.2120
22780
23766
24765
257.180
average7.191.0
TestspHNO3-NSTPSTK
Whole Field5.816109157
1 acre grid5.4144598
Sub-grid5.3650105
Center area5.6142997
Center Point5.3749111
Gvjsoils (1)
7.36.7
5.65.8
6.56.5
66.2
66.2
5.86
5.45.5
5.45.5
5.55.3
5.35.7
4.95.2
5.15.1
55.2
65.8
66.1
6.26
65.8
5.95.8
5.35.3
5.55.4
5.35.3
5.45.5
5.15.1
54.9
Point pH
Area pH
3430
4532
5757
2329
72106
4947
5041
1924
2412
2620
3367
4119
3333
1820
2743
5657
4261
4226
3837
3522
3442
3256
2717
4831
Area NO3-N
Point NO3-N
161144
191187
248264
213247
177216
159141
133134
106100
5826
7494
6369
6839
127124
142175
197157
227243
164222
14395
106107
6860
4958
5268
5844
6346
Area STP
Point STP
Cell
Soil Test-P
Soil test P variability among 25 1-acre cells in a field, 2001
194177
204236
266251
292263
192273
177161
70138
36150
12490
7145
73108
7649
149137
146178
206191
265211
214239
135139
119109
7972
6061
5778
6354
6553
138.875144.2916666667
Area
Point
Cell
Soil Test P
Soil test P variability among 25 1-acre cells in a field, 2000.
190210
192185
197254
185185
235256
189198
153159
151138
121136
134140
162154
161149
180157
192203
245246
291281
226233
222198
168159
199190
191188
208181
165157
157150
Area STK
Point STK
201226
210220
217209
223212
244266
153180
128155
106156
179135
159162
168129
161156
176159
200225
264292
292290
233245
216210
157161
201220
219202
220267
160154
137146
192.6666666667199.0416666667
Area K
Point K
Cell
Soil Test K
Soil test P variability among 25 1-acre cells in a field, 2000.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
pH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NO3-N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Soil pH
Residual NO3-N (lb/acre)
-
Why Account for Spatial Variability of Soil PropertiesImprove performance of ag. practicesEither costs go down and/or returns go upAvoid over application that might be environmentally harmful
-
Analysis Costs of Various Sampling Intensities*at $10/sample
Grid SpacingArea/sampleCosts*FeetAcres$/acre660.11001040.25401480.5202091103302.5446752660101Conventional400.25
-
Choosing a Soil Sampling StrategyLevel of management and the resources to account for variabilityWhole field sampling most appropriate when fertility is high and variability is lowZoning/sub-field sampling may be most appropriate whenLocation of variation knownSampling areas are largeLimited resourceGrid sampling maybe appropriate if location of variation is unknown and variable rate applicator is available
-
How to use soil test information?
-
pH value defines relative acidity or basicity9.08.07.06.05.04.0Very strongStrongMediumModerateSlightSlightMediumStrongBasicAcidPure waterMost productive soilsVinegarLemon juiceAmmoniacleanerMake lime recommendation
-
NCaPMgKS16EssentialElementsCHOBClCuFeMnMoZnPlant Nutrient Recommendation
-
Sharpley et al., 1998
-
Remediate Contaminated Soil NormalEC (mmhos/cm)048121615ESP%SalineSodicIncreased salt hazard30Saline-Sodic
-
Soil, Water and Forage Analytical Laboratoryhttp://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu
*Precision nutrient management has been around for some times, because varying the rates of crop inputs to meet site-specific needs makes economic and environmental sense. I am going to spend a few minutes to talk about grid sampling based nutrient management strategy.*As far as I know, these are the main strategies researched and applied. The first 2 are soil based and the other 2 are crop based.*Those are the main purposes of soil tset*Main services provided*We have direct service to all county extension offices in the state***Here is a winter wheat field at the Research Station in Perkins. Again tremendous differences in wheat growth. The forage yields ranged from practically zero to over 2,500 lbs/A. What we found the problem was low soil pH and high Al level. The forage yields were highly correlated to the Al saturation percentage. *The farmer, or the person taking the soil sample, must provide the laboratory with a uniform, representative sample ... a critical component for the laboratory in providing accurate soil test results and fertilizer recommendations. Each sample, weighing only a pound or less, can represent millions of pounds of soil in the field. The greatest potential for error in soil testing is in taking the sample.
**This graph shows the variability of nitrate-nitrogen in a 75x75 area of a field. Each small plot is a 5x5 square. Nitrate-N ranged from 25 lbs/acre to 102 lbs/acre over the area. Each sample submitted for analysis should be representative of the the entire sampling area.Avoid taking sample from any unusual spots, such as, manure piles, cracks, etc, to avoid any misrepresentation.
Data gathered from OSU Agronomy Research Farm
*By taking enough soil cores randomly in a field to make a composite sample, one can hit the average nutrient status repeatedly.**Soil test P changes with depth. N,K, pH, and many other soil properties also change, especially when the field is not cultivated. Soil phosphorus on fields receiving top dressed poultry litter tends to accumulate near the soil surface.A 0-6 inch sample is recommended for consistent and reliable soil test results.
*The key components of a good sampling technique.*As far as I know, these are the main strategies researched and applied. The first 2 are soil based and the other 2 are crop based.*As far as I know, these are the main strategies researched and applied. The first 2 are soil based and the other 2 are crop based.*Have been realized the existence of field spatial variability, people have tried to account for them through management. This excise is to validate the existence of field variability using 3 different sampling schemes.*A grid soil sampling exercise was conducted in this 27 acre field for the last two years. The dept. of animal science manages this field and they will use it to receive manure from the new swine facility they are building.*Soil pH raged from 4.5 to 7.5. You will know where lime should be applied.*Have been realized the existence of field spatial variability, people have tried to account for them through management. Because:*As far as I know, these are the main strategies researched and applied. The first 2 are soil based and the other 2 are crop based.*It covers a scale ranging from zero to 14.0, with 7.0 being neutral neither acidic or basic. Most productive soils have pH values in the 5.0 to 8.0 range; however, acid or basic soils can be made more productive when properly managed. The relative degrees of acidity and basicity are shown here.
*Sixteen chemical elements have been shown to be essential for plant growth. That means the plant cannot complete its normal life cycle if just one of these nutrients is limiting. They are divided into two main groups, non-mineral and mineral.*As soil P increases, so does crop yield and the potential for p loss in surface runoff