importance of indigenous r&d and manufacture of medical devices · importance of indigenous r&d and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Importance of indigenous R&D and manufacture of medical devices
Prof K Siddique-e Rabbani
DEPT OF BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
President, Bi-BEAT Ltd.President, Relevant Science & Technology Society, BangladeshPresident, Bangladesh Medical Physics Association
Email: [email protected]
2nd WHO Global Forum on Medical Devices, 22-24 Nov, 2013, Geneva
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X-Ray & ECG invented more than 100 years back. How many of the global population get the benefits today?
80% of global Population living in Low Resource Countries(LRC) ARE DEPRIVEDof modern technology, Particularly of medical devices.
80%
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What do we want ?: Modern medical devices should benefit the whole of the Global population
Existing commercial model has failed
What is the Existing Model ?
R&D and Innovation � Patent � Production in a few HRC* �
Very strict & Expensive testing requirements �High profit �
global distribution at very high price
• HRC: High Resource Country
GLOBAL DISPERSION OF MEDICAL DEVICES
WILL NOT HAPPEN
THROUGH THIS MODEL
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Failure of existing model
WHY ? (Viewed from an LRC)
A. UNAFFORDABLE ���� Reasons?
1. Large economic disparity
2. Small volume production (Unlike Television, PC)
3. Continuous R&D (improvement & competition)
4. Very high R&D manpower cost in HRC
5. High Patent costs
6. High cost for Quality test certificates (due to very strict conditions and again, high manpower cost)
7. High profit margin
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Failure of existing model
WHY ? (Viewed from an LRC)
B. NOT SUSTAINABLE, INTERRUPTED SERVICE ����Reasons?
1. Even if equipment procured, maintenance and repair extremely difficult.
2. Equipment thrown away on malfunction, even new or after a few months / years of use.
3. Lack of technical expertise is there, but not the main reason
i. Lack of spares, difficulty/ high expense in importing
ii. Technical details not supplied, commercial secrecy
iii. Recent use of computer and microcontroller � more secrecy, local repair impossible, even with expertise.
iv. Technology gap is widening, difficult to bridge the gap.
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Solution
EMPOWER PEOPLE IN LRC
Develop R&D and manufacture capability in each LRC
� People with necessary Engineering knowledge available
� Needs only a twist in education and training for design
and manufacture
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What will happen with this solution?
1. Local maintenance and repair ensured
2. Equipment can be used for lifetime, decades
3. Availability of technical expertise
4. Availability of spares
5. Uplifting of local technical capability
6. Contribute to bridging of technological gap
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Bangladesh Experiencein
developing capability for
Indigenous R&D and manufacture
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Computerised EMG/EP equipmentExpertise gained through a UK link
First computerised equipment made in Bangladesh (1986-88)
First nerve conduction service in Bangladesh (1988)
Main equipment:
24 years, still running
(PC interface hardware & software changed)
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Iontophoresis equipment(Anti Sweat)
Treatment of excessive sweating of palms and soles (since 1990’s)
Over 18 years: Hundreds of units being used by patients at home
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Muscle & Nerve StimulatorMuscle & Nerve StimulatorFor physiotherapy (since 1990’s)
Many units sold over last 18 yearsUsers include: Hospitals, Clinics,
Physiotherapists, patients
Better probe design
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Dynamic Pedographfoot pressure distribution
Helps prevent leg amputation for diabetics
First set up in a
neighbouring country 3
years back. Still continuing
under routine use.
Listed in WHO
Compendium of Innovative
Technology - 2011
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Recently installed at a diabetic hospital in
Bangladesh
Also developed a method
for making customised
shoe insoles based on
the Pedograph output
Dynamic Pedograph
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TELEMEDICINE
In LRCs most people live in rural areas
Qualified doctors not available in rural areas
Technicians available
Telemedicine via
Internet and Mobile
phones allow service of
qualified doctors from
towns and cities.
Has big potential in LRCs.
Expert Centre
(in towns)
Rural Centre
Rural Centre
Rural Centre
Rural Centre
Rural Centre
Rural Centre
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Improvised Digital StethoscopeReal time sound transmission
A microphone insert is fixed at a cut end of the rubber tube of a commercial stethoscope
TelemedicineWe developed both hardware equipment and software
Digital ECG, designed from scratchReal time signal transmission
� Real time data transmission
� Small data package (Raw data transfer)
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Improvised Digital Microscope
Much cheaper than imported ones.
Telemedicine
Digital X-Ray View Box
Bangladesh has 800 Rural health complexes with Microscopes, X-ray machines and technicians -but no qualified Pathologists or Radiologists
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A simple Prosthetic hand that can write & solderA simple Prosthetic hand that can write & solderImprovised using a hand of a ‘Mannequin’Cost: about £20, with service, about US $50
The girl can write, type, and solder electronic circuits, making her self-dependent.
Lifelike hand gave her self-esteem back
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At US $3 to $5, heats 5L to
10L water to more than
600C in 1½ to 2 hours in
clear sun. Destroys
diarrhoeal germs even at
450C to 500C because of
added UV contribution.
2 to 3 harvests per day in
tropical countries
Prevention – Public Health
Our innovation: Solar Pateurisation, Domestic Scale,
Very Low cost, easily available raw materials, simple technology
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Survival kit (for disasters, emergencies)
Life Roll
4 inflatable chambers –One for water, 3 for air (blown by mouth)
1½ to 2 hours in clear sushinewill destroy diarrhoeal germs
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Support equipment:
Voltage Protector – protects equipment including medical devices even if 440V appears on 220V line!! Successful commercialisation of a entirely new product, since 1989.
(It really happens!
A simple fault, arising out of casual behaviour, widespread in LRCs cause this)
Built-in Stabilisation, surge suppression
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� The innovator can rectify errors quickly after marketing.
� The innovator can think of new products that are cost effective, technically feasible
� Thus can keep up in business competition too
� Such industries can grow quickly
� They know value of R&D and patience
� Can absorb and utilise inventions of future innovators (as in the West now)
Therefore programmes should target science & Engineering graduates, available in LRCs
New Lesson from experience:
Technology innovators should themselves become entrepreneurs
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We are not patenting our products!!
Looking towards an Open Healthcare Technology
People to get the power and capability themselves
We plan to teach technology,
manufacture and entrepreneurship to
Third World scientists and engineers,
ask them to produce the equipment in
their own country and sell
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website: www.bmpt.du.ac.bd
Thank You