Implementing Point of Entry Drinking Water Systems in Remote First Nation Communities

Candace Cook, Madjid Mohseni, Warren Brown, Grant Robertson, Rita

Manuel, Casey Neathway, Jim Brown, Ted Molyneux, Adel Hajimalayeri

Assembly of First Nations National Water Symposium and Trade Show

February 7th, 2018

Project Partners:

Drinking Water System Options

Central treatment plant

Decentralized or Point of Entry (POE)

POE

POE

POE

Conventional Alternative

Why POE?

First Nation communities, in particular, may not be large enough

to qualify for outside funding.

Reluctance to adopt POE technology has a lot to do with

perception and lack of implementation research.

Technology has been proven

effective in other markets.

Many communities are too

small for centralized treatment

to be economically feasible.

Project Overview

• Develop piloting program for point of entry (POE) systems

• Execute 12 month pilot study in Lytton First Nation

• Evaluate POE as a viable drinking water solution

Objective:

Project Overview

Methodology:

The Community Circle Model

Community Engagement

Feasibility & Design

Manufacture & Install

1-Year Pilot Monitoring

The Community Circle Model for Strategic Innovation

Method of developing drinking water solutions for small and rural communities.

Brings all relevant stakeholders to the table.

Fosters open communication and cooperation for solution generation.

Facilitates conversation,

knowledge exchange, and follow-through.

Community

(Lytton First Nation)

Government

(INAC)

Industry

(HomePlus/ VIQUA)

(Opus)

University

(RES’EAU)

Health Authority

(FNHA)

Lytton First Nation Point of Entry Project

Project Location

Fraser Canyon Region Approximately 3 hours

from Vancouver

56 Reserve Communities

Over 14,000 acres,

spanning a 100 km radius

Lytton First Nation

Project Location

Yawaucht (IR11; 3 homes)

Spintlum (IR3; 2 homes)

Long-term BWA in each

community

Separated by Fraser River

Two Communities

Community Engagement

Met with community members

(homeowners, Administration,

operators).

Knowledge sharing and opportunity

for collective discussion.

Engaged Health Authority to explain

POE verification process.

Assessed project interest and support.

Conducted field assessments at

potential install sites.

Feasibility and Design

Determine suitability of POE technology in both communities.

Based on existing raw water data, develop treatment solution.

Complete detailed POE design.

With partner collaboration, develop pilot protocol and O&M

manual.

Source Water Quality

IR11

Parameter Unit Average Value

Turbidity NTU 3.68

pH - 7.97

Alkalinity mg/L 174.23

DOC mg/L 1.44

Total Coliforms CFU/100mL 270.80

E.Coli CFU/100mL <1 to 20

IR3

Parameter Unit Average Value

Turbidity NTU 0.32

pH - 8.06

Alkalinity mg/L 136.27

DOC mg/L 1.05

Total Coliforms CFU/100mL 746.99

E.Coli CFU/100mL <1 to 5.2

Feasibility and Design

Compliant with:

• Health Canada drinking water objectives

• INAC Decentralized Protocol

• Occupational Health and Safety Requirements

Cost-effective system

Minimum operational complexity

POE Design Objectives:

Feasibility and Design

Customized and developed with

input from project partners.

Emergency response plan.

Responsibilities and

communication procedures.

Water sampling schedule.

O&M/repair/time logs for

operators.

Pilot Protocol and O&M Manual:

Manufacture and Install

Hands-on training for all operators at HomePlus/VIQUA in

Kamloops.

Pre-fabricated enclosure units customized for POE units.

Two week period to place units in homes, and fine-tune plumbing

and electrical connections.

Manufacture and Install

November 21st, 2016

Representatives from Community Circle assisted with process.

Full system disinfection in each home prior to units being brought online.

All operators given individual training and opportunity to program a unit.

Commissioning:

Sampling Protocol

Developed with input from FNHA and Community.

Weekly testing in first month of pilot. Sampling frequency exceeded annual

requirements. Protocols for additional sampling in

cases of alarms or severe environmental conditions.

Operations staff able to give regular

feedback and alter schedule as needed.

Installation 2016-11-21 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 1 2016-11-23 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 2 2016-11-30 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 3 2016-12-07 ∆ ● ∆ ● ∆ ● ∆

Week 4 2016-12-14

Week 5 2017-01-04 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 6 2017-01-11 ∆ ● ●

Week 7 2017-01-18

Week 8 2017-01-25

Week 9 2017-02-01 ∆

Week 10 2017-02-08

Week 11 2017-02-15

Week 12 2017-02-22 ∆

Week 13 2017-03-01

Week 14 2017-03-08

Week 15 2017-03-15

Week 16 2017-03-22

Week 17 2017-03-29 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 18 2017-04-05

Week 19 2017-04-12

Week 20 2017-04-19 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 21 2017-04-26

Week 22 2017-05-03

Week 23 2017-05-10 ∆ ∆

Week 24 2017-05-17

Week 25 2017-05-24 ● ● ● ● ●

Week 26 2017-05-31

Week 27 2017-06-07

Week 28 2017-06-14

Week 29 2017-06-21 ∆ ∆

Week 30 2017-06-28

Week 31 2017-07-05

Week 32 2017-07-12 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 33 2017-07-19

Week 34 2017-07-26 ∆ ∆

Week 35 2017-08-02

Week 36 2017-08-09

Week 37 2017-08-16

Week 38 2017-08-23

Week 39 2017-08-30

Week 40 2017-09-06 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 41 2017-09-13

Week 42 2017-09-20

Week 43 2017-09-27

Week 44 2017-10-04 ∆ ∆

Week 45 2017-10-11

Week 46 2017-10-18

Week 47 2017-10-25

Week 48 2017-11-01 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 49 2017-11-08

Week 50 2017-11-15

Week 51 2017-11-22 ● ● ● ● ●

Week 52 2017-11-29

Lytton POE Sampling Schedule

House 1 -

Bryan Phillips

House 2 -

Perry Johnny

House 3 -

Ted Phillips

House 4 -

Curtis Johnny

House 5 -

Elvis Paul

Date/

Week Of

Installation 2016-11-21 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 1 2016-11-23 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 2 2016-11-30 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 3 2016-12-07 ∆ ● ∆ ● ∆ ● ∆

Week 4 2016-12-14

Week 5 2017-01-04 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 6 2017-01-11 ∆ ● ●

Week 7 2017-01-18

Week 8 2017-01-25

Week 9 2017-02-01 ∆

Week 10 2017-02-08

Week 11 2017-02-15

Week 12 2017-02-22 ∆

Week 13 2017-03-01

Week 14 2017-03-08

Week 15 2017-03-15

Week 16 2017-03-22

Week 17 2017-03-29 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 18 2017-04-05

Week 19 2017-04-12

Week 20 2017-04-19 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 21 2017-04-26

Week 22 2017-05-03

Week 23 2017-05-10 ∆ ∆

Week 24 2017-05-17

Week 25 2017-05-24 ● ● ● ● ●

Week 26 2017-05-31

Week 27 2017-06-07

Week 28 2017-06-14

Week 29 2017-06-21 ∆ ∆

Week 30 2017-06-28

Week 31 2017-07-05

Week 32 2017-07-12 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 33 2017-07-19

Week 34 2017-07-26 ∆ ∆

Week 35 2017-08-02

Week 36 2017-08-09

Week 37 2017-08-16

Week 38 2017-08-23

Week 39 2017-08-30

Week 40 2017-09-06 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 41 2017-09-13

Week 42 2017-09-20

Week 43 2017-09-27

Week 44 2017-10-04 ∆ ∆

Week 45 2017-10-11

Week 46 2017-10-18

Week 47 2017-10-25

Week 48 2017-11-01 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 49 2017-11-08

Week 50 2017-11-15

Week 51 2017-11-22 ● ● ● ● ●

Week 52 2017-11-29

Lytton POE Sampling Schedule

House 1 -

Bryan Phillips

House 2 -

Perry Johnny

House 3 -

Ted Phillips

House 4 -

Curtis Johnny

House 5 -

Elvis Paul

Date/

Week Of

Installation 2016-11-21 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 1 2016-11-23 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 2 2016-11-30 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 3 2016-12-07 ∆ ● ∆ ● ∆ ● ∆

Week 4 2016-12-14

Week 5 2017-01-04 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 6 2017-01-11 ∆ ● ●

Week 7 2017-01-18

Week 8 2017-01-25

Week 9 2017-02-01 ∆

Week 10 2017-02-08

Week 11 2017-02-15

Week 12 2017-02-22 ∆

Week 13 2017-03-01

Week 14 2017-03-08

Week 15 2017-03-15

Week 16 2017-03-22

Week 17 2017-03-29 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 18 2017-04-05

Week 19 2017-04-12

Week 20 2017-04-19 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 21 2017-04-26

Week 22 2017-05-03

Week 23 2017-05-10 ∆ ∆

Week 24 2017-05-17

Week 25 2017-05-24 ● ● ● ● ●

Week 26 2017-05-31

Week 27 2017-06-07

Week 28 2017-06-14

Week 29 2017-06-21 ∆ ∆

Week 30 2017-06-28

Week 31 2017-07-05

Week 32 2017-07-12 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 33 2017-07-19

Week 34 2017-07-26 ∆ ∆

Week 35 2017-08-02

Week 36 2017-08-09

Week 37 2017-08-16

Week 38 2017-08-23

Week 39 2017-08-30

Week 40 2017-09-06 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 41 2017-09-13

Week 42 2017-09-20

Week 43 2017-09-27

Week 44 2017-10-04 ∆ ∆

Week 45 2017-10-11

Week 46 2017-10-18

Week 47 2017-10-25

Week 48 2017-11-01 ∆ ∆ ∆

Week 49 2017-11-08

Week 50 2017-11-15

Week 51 2017-11-22 ● ● ● ● ●

Week 52 2017-11-29

Lytton POE Sampling Schedule

House 1 -

Bryan Phillips

House 2 -

Perry Johnny

House 3 -

Ted Phillips

House 4 -

Curtis Johnny

House 5 -

Elvis Paul

Date/

Week Of

1-Year Pilot Monitoring

Between December 2016 and January 2017 IR3 and IR11 were lifted off of their long-standing Boil Water Advisories.

E. Coli and Total Coliform counts have been eliminated since POE units commissioned.

Units performing to expectations, with no major alarms or repairs needed, outside of initial commissioning.

1-Year Pilot Monitoring

Date Sample Turbidity pH Alkalinity DOC Abs UVTTotal

Coliform E.Coli

Mar 29, 2017 Raw 0.14 8.01 209.00 0.85 0.01 98.17 55.2 2

Mar 29, 2017 Treated 0.06 7.99 209.00 0.73 0.01 98.40 <1 <1

Mar 29, 2017 Raw 0.23 7.95 211.00 0.76 0.01 97.05 180.7 20

Mar 29, 2017 Treated 0.06 7.97 210.00 0.74 0.01 97.77 <1 <1

Mar 29, 2017 Raw 0.42 8.00 210.00 0.74 0.01 96.98 185.5 7.5

Mar 29, 2017 Treated 0.07 8.00 211.00 0.72 0.01 98.06 <1 <1

Mar 29, 2017 Raw 0.26 8.01 141.00 0.50 0.01 98.17 3076 <1

Mar 29, 2017 Treated 0.11 8.08 142.00 0.50 0.01 98.40 <1 <1

Mar 29, 2017 Raw 0.20 8.03 136.00 0.50 0.01 98.58 789.55 <1

Mar 29, 2017 Treated 0.08 8.01 141.00 0.48 0.01 98.61 <1 <1

Apr 19,2017 Raw 0.15 7.93 209.00 1.12 0.02 95.28 68.7 <1

Apr 19,2017 Treated 0.10 7.98 208.00 1.01 0.02 95.94 <1 <1

Apr 19,2017 Raw 0.13 7.97 210.00 0.96 0.02 95.94 156.7 <1

Apr 19,2017 Treated 0.15 7.90 207.00 0.96 0.02 96.38 <1 <1

Apr 19,2017 Raw 0.33 7.99 210.00 1.12 0.02 95.50 161.3 <1

Apr 19,2017 Treated 0.08 8..02 210.00 1.38 0.02 95.50 <1 <1

May 10, 2017 Raw 0.73 8.00 131.00 1.52 0.03 92.51 159.9 <1

May 10, 2017 Treated 0.07 8.00 135.00 0.89 0.02 94.93 <1 <1

May 10, 2017 Raw 1.19 8.03 132.00 1.51 0.04 92.13 187.8 <1

May 10, 2017 Treated 0.22 8.05 131.00 0.94 0.02 95.10 <1 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Raw 1.26 7.81 133.00 1.18 0.02 94.62 545.7 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Treated 0.20 7.82 132.00 1.05 0.02 96.61 <1 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Raw 0.18 7.91 131.00 0.84 0.02 96.16 542.7 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Treated 0.07 7.86 132.00 1.25 0.01 97.05 <1 <1

Jul 12, 2017 Raw 4.11 8.14 193.00 0.55 0.03 94.36 694.7 <1

Jul 12, 2017 Treated 0.08 8.11 193.00 0.56 0.02 95.65 <1 <1

Jul 12, 2017 Raw 0.98 8.18 193.00 0.57 0.02 95.39 479.3 <1

Jul 12, 2017 Treated 0.58 8.19 192.00 0.65 0.02 95.72 <1 <1

Jul 12, 2017 Raw 2.89 8.13 193.00 0.54 0.02 95.35 213.9 <1

Jul 12, 2017 Treated 0.07 8.16 193.00 0.53 0.02 96.01 <1 <1

Water quality testing results, including Spring Freshet.

Date Sample Turbidity pH Alkalinity DOC Abs UVTTotal

Coliform E.Coli

Jun 21, 2017 Raw 1.26 7.81 133.00 1.18 0.02 94.62 545.7 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Treated 0.20 7.82 132.00 1.05 0.02 96.61 <1 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Raw 0.18 7.91 131.00 0.84 0.02 96.16 542.7 <1

Jun 21, 2017 Treated 0.07 7.86 132.00 1.25 0.01 97.05 <1 <1

A Collaborative Approach

Community meetings with project partners and homeowners.

Ongoing and open communication.

Collaborative problem solving and success sharing.

Community Response and Project Success

Response from residents has

been favorable. Operators able to

accommodate additional duties through flexible scheduling and policy of back-up training.

Neighboring communities

expressing interest in project.

Support of Chief and Administration for POE as a long

term solution.

Financial Investment

Is this a viable solution for drinking

water treatment?

Financial Investment

Items $/home

Capital and Pilot Costs:

1.      Capital Cost and Pilot Phase Operations1.      1.1 Equipment Installation

2.      1.2 Community Engagement

3.      1.3 Water Quality Monitoring and Operations

Total Capital Costs

1.      Capital Cost and Pilot Phase Operations1.      1.1 Equipment Installation 6247

2.      1.2 Community Engagement 2665

3.      1.3 Water Quality Monitoring and Operations 3114

Total Capital Costs $12,026

Financial Investment

Items $/home

Year 2 O&M Cost Projection:

2. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 2.1 Equipment Maintenance and Replacements

2.2 Community Engagement

2.3 Monitoring

Total O&M Costs

2. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 2.1 Equipment Maintenance and Replacements 670

2.2 Community Engagment 100

2.3 Monitoring 1265

Total O&M Costs $2,035

Financial Investment

Long Term O&M Costs:

Operations and Maintenance

Equipment Upkeep and Replacement Parts

Education, Training, and Community Engagement

Water Quality Monitoring and Operations Cost

Funding

Lytton First Nation will continue to allocate resources for ongoing training and outreach.

The Community Circle Partners, including Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) and FNHA, are currently working to identify long term funding strategies.

Framework for Future Implementation

• Access and Logistics

• Management and Accountability

Barrier

• Perceived issues with scheduling and safety

• Breakdown of monitoring protocols

Effect • Engagement of community and residents

• Communication plan

Strategy

Next Steps

Support from Lytton First Nation has been favorable. Support of Chief and Administration has been vocalized, with

discussions beginning around long-term planning.

Neighboring communities expressing interest in project.

Ongoing collaboration and consultation with community.

Continued water quality monitoring Fine tuning operations protocol, for

long-term sustainability.

Sharing project findings for future implementation of POE.

Thank You