implementing hard drives. partitioning and formatting process

Implementing Hard Implementing Hard DrivesDrives

Partitioning and Formatting Partitioning and Formatting ProcessProcess

Bootable DisksBootable Disks

Any removable media that has a Any removable media that has a bootable OS installedbootable OS installed

Floppy, CD-ROM, USB thumb driveFloppy, CD-ROM, USB thumb drive

All Windows and Linux installation CDs All Windows and Linux installation CDs are bootableare bootable

Partitioning and FormattingPartitioning and Formatting With Windows Installation CDWith Windows Installation CD

During text portion of installDuring text portion of install Can create single partitionCan create single partition


Allows you to set the size of the driveAllows you to set the size of the drive Minimum of 8MB up to size of driveMinimum of 8MB up to size of drive


Can format the drive with a file systemCan format the drive with a file system NTFS QuickNTFS Quick NTFS Regular – checks the driveNTFS Regular – checks the drive


Can create multiple partitionsCan create multiple partitions

PATA Drive Letter PATA Drive Letter AssignmentsAssignments

Primary partition of the:Primary partition of the:1.1. Primary master drivePrimary master drive2.2. Primary slave drivePrimary slave drive3.3. Secondary master driveSecondary master drive4.4. Secondary slave driveSecondary slave drive

Then all Then all logical driveslogical drives in the extended in the extended partition of the:partition of the:

1.1. Primary master drivePrimary master drive2.2. Primary slave drivePrimary slave drive3.3. Secondary master driveSecondary master drive4.4. Secondary slave driveSecondary slave drive

C:C:D:D:E:E:F:F:

SATA Drive Letter SATA Drive Letter AssignmentsAssignments

Similar to PATA, but based on order set Similar to PATA, but based on order set in CMOSin CMOS

1.1. Primary partition of the first drivePrimary partition of the first drive2.2. Primary partition of the second drivePrimary partition of the second drive3.3. Primary partition of the third drivePrimary partition of the third drive4.4. Etc.Etc.

5.5. All logical drives in extended partition of first All logical drives in extended partition of first drivedrive

6.6. All logical drives in extended partition of All logical drives in extended partition of second drivesecond drive

7.7. All logical drives in extended partition of All logical drives in extended partition of third drivethird drive

8.8. Etc.Etc.

Disk ManagementDisk Management GUI in Windows 2000,XP and vistaGUI in Windows 2000,XP and vista

Used to manage partitionsUsed to manage partitions Part of Computer Management Part of Computer Management Can be launched directly with diskmgmt.mscCan be launched directly with diskmgmt.msc

Unallocated: 1-Empty space on HD (not Ex not Primary)

Creating a New PartitionCreating a New Partition

Alt-click in Unallocated space and choose New Alt-click in Unallocated space and choose New Partition…Partition…

New Partition WizardNew Partition Wizard

Disk ManagementDisk Management

Creating a partition in WindowsCreating a partition in Windows Pick partition type, size, and assign drive Pick partition type, size, and assign drive

letter letter Then choose propitiate format type ( FAT16, Then choose propitiate format type ( FAT16,

FAT32 or NTFS)FAT32 or NTFS)

Creating a Logical DriveCreating a Logical Drive

Once an Extended partition is created, Once an Extended partition is created, you may create logical drives in ityou may create logical drives in it

Dynamic DisksDynamic Disks

Dynamic DisksDynamic Disks are a new type of storage are a new type of storage available since Windows 2000 available since Windows 2000 Not available in XP Home (avail in XP Pro)Not available in XP Home (avail in XP Pro) Avail in Server 2000 and 2003Avail in Server 2000 and 2003 Can convert basic to dynamicCan convert basic to dynamic Converting dynamic to basic Converting dynamic to basic causes all data to be lostcauses all data to be lost Regular drives are known Regular drives are known

as as basic disksbasic disks Dynamic disks are divided into Dynamic disks are divided into

volumesvolumes instead of partitions instead of partitions

Dynamic DisksDynamic Disks Spanning Volumes (Spanning Volumes (one hard driveone hard drive))

D: drive is spanned to include unallocated D: drive is spanned to include unallocated spacespace

Effect is more space on D: volumeEffect is more space on D: volume

C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 10 GB 30 GB Unallocated space

C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 10 GB 30 GB Unallocated space

C:\ Volume 10 GB D:\ Volume 40 GB


Extended Volumes (Extended Volumes (multiple hard drivesmultiple hard drives)) Simple volume spanned across multiple disksSimple volume spanned across multiple disks

Effect is more space on D: volumeEffect is more space on D: volume


New Disk – 80GB



Simple volume like a primary partitionSimple volume like a primary partition

Striped Volume (RAID-0)Striped Volume (RAID-0)

Mirrored Volume (RAID-1)Mirrored Volume (RAID-1)

Striped with Parity (RAID-5)Striped with Parity (RAID-5)

Formatting a PartitionFormatting a Partition

Can do in Windows ExplorerCan do in Windows Explorer

Can do in DiskCan do in DiskManagementManagement

But you cannot But you cannot

format current format current

partition or primarypartition or primary

partition.partition.

Maintaining and Maintaining and Troubleshooting Hard Troubleshooting Hard DrivesDrives

ScanDisk and CHKDSKScanDisk and CHKDSK

ScanDisk and CHKDSK check for bad ScanDisk and CHKDSK check for bad clusters on hard drivesclusters on hard drives Also checks for invalid file names and tries Also checks for invalid file names and tries

to fix themto fix them Looks for lost clusters or chains that do not Looks for lost clusters or chains that do not

have a filename associated with them and have a filename associated with them and deletes themdeletes them

Checks the links between parent and child Checks the links between parent and child foldersfolders

Launched via Error-Checking tools from Launched via Error-Checking tools from Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer

Error-CheckingError-Checking

Can check the driveCan check the drive

Can be set to Can be set to automatically fix automatically fix errorserrors

Can scan for andCan scan for andrecover badrecover badsectorssectors

DefragmentationDefragmentation

Disk DefragmenterDisk Defragmenter Consider using regularly (monthly or Consider using regularly (monthly or

weekly)weekly) Will slow down system while runningWill slow down system while running If not done, system may slow down due to If not done, system may slow down due to

fragmentationfragmentation Can be scheduledCan be scheduled

Disk CleanupDisk Cleanup

Allows you to purge system of unneeded filesAllows you to purge system of unneeded files

Files in the Recycle BinFiles in the Recycle Bin

Temporary Internet FilesTemporary Internet Files

Downloaded Program FilesDownloaded Program Files

Temporary FilesTemporary Files

Allowed us to compress file.Allowed us to compress file.

TroubleshootingTroubleshooting

Three broad categoriesThree broad categories

1.1. Installation ErrorsInstallation Errors

2.2. Data CorruptionData Corruption

3.3. Dying Hard DrivesDying Hard Drives

Troubleshooting Troubleshooting InstallationInstallation

ConnectivityConnectivity Hard drive errorHard drive error No fixed disks presentNo fixed disks present HDD controller failureHDD controller failure NO boot device availableNO boot device available Drive not foundDrive not found Solutions includeSolutions include

Checking the cables to make sure they connected Checking the cables to make sure they connected properlyproperly

Reseating the hard drive controller (if an expansion card)Reseating the hard drive controller (if an expansion card) Use autodetection in CMOSUse autodetection in CMOS Check the jumper settingsCheck the jumper settings Some EIDE drives are incompatible on the same controllerSome EIDE drives are incompatible on the same controller


CMOSCMOS CMOS configuration mismatchCMOS configuration mismatch No boot device availableNo boot device available Drive not foundDrive not found Missing OSMissing OS SolutionsSolutions

Always run autodetect in CMOSAlways run autodetect in CMOS


““Trying to recover lost allocation unit” indicates the Trying to recover lost allocation unit” indicates the drive is dyingdrive is dying

PartitionsPartitions Failing to partitionFailing to partition

Invalid drive specification errorInvalid drive specification error Making the wrong size or type of partitionMaking the wrong size or type of partition

extend partition and you try to install OSextend partition and you try to install OS

FormatFormat Failing to formatFailing to format

Drive is not accessibleDrive is not accessible Invalid media typeInvalid media type

Troubleshooting CorruptionTroubleshooting Corruption Data CorruptionData Corruption

Caused by many thingsCaused by many things such as power surges, such as power surges, accidental shutdowns, viruses, and moreaccidental shutdowns, viruses, and more

Show up asShow up as File is missing or corruptFile is missing or corrupt Download location information is damagedDownload location information is damaged Unable to load fileUnable to load file Cannot find command.comCannot find command.com Error loading operating systemError loading operating system Invalid boot.iniInvalid boot.ini

Try running Error Checking utilityTry running Error Checking utility


Corrupted data on bad sectorsCorrupted data on bad sectors

The built-in error correction code (ECC) The built-in error correction code (ECC) checks the drive for bad sectorschecks the drive for bad sectors

Disk checkers can be used for fixing Disk checkers can be used for fixing problems pertaining to corrupted dataproblems pertaining to corrupted data

Troubleshooting Dying HDTroubleshooting Dying HD

Dying hard driveDying hard drive The following sounds indicate a drive The following sounds indicate a drive

about to dieabout to die Continuous high-pitched squealContinuous high-pitched squeal Series of clacks, a short pause, and then Series of clacks, a short pause, and then

more clacksmore clacks Continuous grinding or rumblingContinuous grinding or rumbling

Boot drive issue would show up as “no Boot drive issue would show up as “no boot device present”boot device present”

Second drives simply do not show upSecond drives simply do not show up

Third Party Partition Tools Third Party Partition Tools

Third-party partition tools allow you Third-party partition tools allow you to create, change, and delete to create, change, and delete partitions without destroying the partitions without destroying the datadata PowerQuest’s Partition MagicPowerQuest’s Partition Magic VCOM’s Partition CommanderVCOM’s Partition Commander

implementing hard drives. partitioning and formatting process

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