implementation of the landfill directive rtp 25771, Łódź (poland), 14.12.2007 christof delatter...

Implementation of the Landfill Directive

RTP 25771, Łódź (Poland), 14.12.2007

Christof DelatterAssociation of Flemish Cities and Municipalities

(Vereniging van Vlaamse Steden en Gemeenten – VVSG)www.vvsg.be

Tel. +32 2 211.55.99E-mail: [email protected]

This Presentation

• Lessons learned from Europe• Landfilling in Flanders• Diverting biological waste from landfills• Dealing with the past

Lessons learned from Europe (1)

• November 2005: interesting survey by SLR Consulting: Delivering Key Waste Management Infrastructure: Lessons Learned from Europe– Examination of the different approaches used to

facilitate the development of waste management infrastructure in ten selected EU Member States: Ireland, the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, France, Spain, Austria, Italy


• The Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria:– Have met targets of diversion of biodegradable

waste– Strong waste management infrastructure

(incineration or MBT)• Ireland, the UK, France, Spain, Italy: still strong

reliance on landfilling• Both groups of countries have specific

characteristics !


• “good results countries” have:– Regime of certainty: strong planning, landfill bans, strict

regulation, municipal (co-)ownership reducing financial risks;– Partnership between government levels: transparant

responsibilities, thorough consultation, local implementation;– Public trust: separate local waste taxes (transparency), strict

adherence to EU requirements;– Integrated approach across waste streams: integration of

household and industrial waste leads to cost reductions.


• “bad results countries” have:– Lack of certainty which creates difficulties in securing key

waste management infrastructure;– Poor strategic planning capability with little cooperation

between tiers of government;– Weak local accountability and ownership of waste related

issues so that issues are repeatedly deferred;– Politically inconsistent messages and fiscal incentives which

contradict the promotion of the waste hierarchy.


• To create waste management infrastructure you need stability through:– Strong planning– Local involvement and implementation– Clear responsibilities and cooperation between

government levels– Juridical and financial instruments– Transparency and clear communication to the public

History of landfilling in Flanders (1)

• 1950’s: almost every municipality had its own dumpsite (hardly any legislation)

• 1965: establishment of first intermunicipal cooperations• Specific situation for Flanders:

– Population: just over 6 million; population density: ± 440 inh./km²

– Intense pressures from human activities: densely populated, dense transportation network, industry, intensive cattle breeding (millions of porcs, chickens, cows) and crop cultivation

– High quantities of waste ↔ pressure on land use • 1975: building of first waste incinerators


Waste incinerators

Operational compliant landfills cat. 2

Closed landfills

History of landfilling in Flanders (3)Waste evolution

0,00

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

kg/i

nh

/yea

r Total household waste

Selective collected waste

Incinerated

Landfilled


• Number of landfills:

Year 1985 2004

Cat.1 11 5

Cat. 2 34 8

Cat. 3 73 11


• Shift of legal responsibility in delivering of permits over the years– Seventies: permitting system based on safety and health

regulations: controlled by Health Inspection– 1981: permitting system based on waste legislation:

controlled by Waste administration– 1995: permitting system based on IPPC: controlled by

Environmental Inspection Agency→ loss of information about old closed landfill sites!

Diverting biological waste from landfills (1)

• 50 % of household waste = food/kitchen & garden waste !

• Options:– Prevention of organic waste– Separate collection for composting – More incineration of waste– Pretreatment before landfilling (MBT)


• Flemish mix of instruments to reduce BMW and to divert it from landfill– Taxes on landfilling and incineration – Ban on landfilling of certain separately collected

waste streams and combustible waste– Ban on incineration of certain separately collected

waste streams– Biological Waste Management Plan: prevention,

home composting and separate collection for composting of organic waste


• Taxes on landfilling and incineration

Year 2002 (euro/tonne)

2007 (euro/tonne)

Illegal landfilling 117,21 150

Landfilling combustible waste

58,61 75

Incineration household waste

6,45 7


• Prevention of organic waste

Compostbins and boxes Wormery


• Prevention of organic waste: “chicken projects”– Municipality

• distributes free chickens (3/family)• works out trade discount system with local pet shops

– Often request to register the amounts of organic waste fed to the chickens

– Also in schools, institutions, retirement homes: strong social and educational impact

– Strict rules to follow ! (animal by-products, animal welfare…)


• Prevention of organic waste: “waste-free garden”– Mostly communication and demonstration of good practices– Concept of a garden

• in which all the organic waste from the garden can be processed in the garden itself

• use of indigenous plants who produce less waste• alternative management: e.g. hayfields

• Prevention of organic waste: masters in composting– Volunteers, supported by municipality or intermunicipal organization– Convince other citizens– Demonstration of techniques for home-composting


• Citizen paying the municipalities for waste collection:– In the past: all costs financed from either the general

budget of from a fixed waste tax– now combined with “Pay As You Throw”

• Chipped bins• Obligatory household waste bags

– Home composting bins are distributed for free or at very low cost

– Financial incentive for prevention and separate collection of organic waste!


• Separate collection of organic waste in Flanders:– Flanders divided in two types of municipalities: “green”

and “kitchen-waste”-regions– “green”:

• Intensive campaigns for home composting• Collection of garden waste on civic amenity sites• Some well planned doorstep collections of garden waste

– “kitchen-waste”-regions• Also promotion of home composting• Doorstep collection (at least every two weeks) of all organic

waste• Combined with acceptance of garden waste on civic amenity

sites


• Kitchen waste:– Aerobic composting: compost– Anaerobic digestion: compost and renewable

energy– Future: more combination of technologies?

• Garden waste: – Windrow composting into high quality compost– Both woody and fine fraction is needed for composting– Recently: woody fraction is ‘interesting’ for energy

production

Dealing with the past

• Illegal dumpsites...• Legal landfills where after-care period has

passed→ Soil remediation decree: – Municipal inventory of sites with risk of pollution– Transfer of these sites requires examination of soil

quality– Can lead to soil remediating project

You are welcome !!!

• In Flanders– Visit plants, projects,…– Share data on policy and on practical implementation

methods– Long-term relationship and help in setting up a local

or intermunicipal waste management policy• Contact: Christof Delatter

[email protected] – www.vvsg.be

implementation of the landfill directive rtp 25771, Łódź (poland), 14.12.2007 christof delatter...

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