IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC RAILWAY PLATFORM

PROJECT DETAILSPRESENTED BY

ARUN G MURALI ARYA MOHAN L REVATHY S R SHAIJU P S

GUIDED BY

Mr.SAJI KUMAR T V Mr.BIJU Mrs.JEEJA

SURVEY RESULTS Handicapped and elderly persons find it

difficult to cross the railway platforms using the staircase

Very often railway accidents happen due to train rushing on to the passengers walking on the tracks

PRESENT SCENARIO

AIM This project is developed inorder to

help the INDIAN RAILWAYS

Project implements a mobile platform in between railway tracks

This may be helpful to both handicapped and elder citizens

INTRODUCTION This automatic railway platform

project is used for automatically closing or opening of the mobile platforms in between the train tracks.

Normally the mobile platform connects the two platforms, through which the passengers can walk on the platform to reach the next platform.

Power

Sensor set

Microcontroller (AT mega 16)

Using drivers to Dc motor

output

BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS USED HARDWARE

Microcontroller (ATmega 16l) IRSensor pair DC motors Relays

SOFTWARE

AVR studio 4Proteus

COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONMICROCONTROLLER

Set of digital logic circuits integrated on a single chip.

Micro controller is for entire control.

Examples:8051,89c51,PIC, motorola etc

AT MEGA 16L High performance 8-bit microcontroller 131-powerful instructions ; most single clock

cycle execution 32*8 general purpose working registers 16 Kbytes flash program memory, 512 Bytes

EPROM, 1Kbyte internal SRAM 8-channel, 10-bit ADC 32 programmable i/o lines Operating voltages 2.7-5.5V Operating speed 0-8 MHz

PIN DIAGRAM OF ATMEGA 16L

IR SENSORS

An IR sensor is used to detect obstacles, line, edge and path. IR reflective sensors have emitter (IR LED) and receiver (Photo-Transistor or Photo-diode). If white surface is present beneath the IR LED, IR rays are reflected and are sensed by the receiver, while in case of black surface, the lights gets absorbed and hence receiver does not sense IR rays.

SENSOR CIRCUITThe obstacle detection unit is also interfaced with the micro controller such that it lets the microcontroller know about following the line strips and the obstacles detected.

A good sensor obeys the following rules:

Is sensitive to the measured property onlyIs insensitive to any other property likely to be encountered in its applicationDoes not influence the measured property

MOTOR THEORYAn electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

PRINCIPLE:It is based on the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is given by Fleming's Left-hand rule and whose magnitude is given by Force, F = B I l newton Where B is the magnetic field I is the current in amperes and l is the length of the coil in meter.

DC MOTOR100RPM 12V DC motors with Gearbox3000RPM base motor6mm shaft diameter with internal hole125gm weight1.2kgcm torqueNo-load current = 60 mA(Max), Load current = 300 mA(Max)

VOLTAGE REGULATOR A voltage regulator is an electrical

regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used.

REGULATOR IC

RELAYFEATURES

2 Form C contactHigh sensitivity-200 mW nominaloperating powerHigh breakdown voltage1500 V FCC surge between opencontactsDIP-2C type matching 16 pin IC socketSealed construction

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT Whenever the train is arriving the transmitter

sensor gets disturbed due to the interruption of the train .Thus the microcontroller senses the arriving of the train . Before making the platform move backward the microcontroller gives siren to alert the people who are on the track . After certain time the controller moves the platform backward by rotating the dc motor in clockwise direction . For making the bridge move forward the microcontroller should know wheather the train has left or not . For this the second sensor pair is used.

CONT...... Whenever the second sensors senses the

train i.e.; When the transmitter is disturbed then the microcontroller waits for the last compartment to leave . Then the microcontroller output is given to the dc motor which makes the dc motor move in anti-clockwise direction making the bridge move forward thereby making a way for the pedestrians to move.

ALGORITHM 1: Make initial settings of the signals for the train

and platform users.   2: Check for the arrival of the train in either direction

by the sensors. If the train is sensed go to 3 otherwise go to step 2.

3: Make the warning signal for the platform users and set the signal for the train.

4: Check for the presence of any obstacle using sensors. If no obstacle, go to step5 otherwise repeat step4.

CONT….. 5: Move platform in backward direction . 

6: Change the signal for the train.

7: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train sensed to next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 7.

  8: Make the platform move in forward direction.

9: Go to STEP 3.

FLOW CHARTMake the initial settings for train & platform users

If arrival of train in either of directions

Buzzers & signal warnings to road users

Stop warning & move the platform

Set the signal for train

If train departure

move the platform

If obstacles

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROGRAM CODE

SOFTWARES USEDPROTEUS SOFTWARE

AVR STUDIO

CONCLUSION The idea of automating the process of

railway platform operation will enhance safety for the pedestrians who are disabled and unable to use the staircase..

As the system is completely automated, it avoids manual errors and thus provides ultimate safety to pedestrians.

The mechanism works on a simple principle and there is not much of complexity needed in the circuit.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT The power supply for the motor

operation and signal lights is a disadvantage. It can be avoided by a battery charged by means of a solar cell.

The obstacle detection part can be implemented using Fuzzy logic. As it thinks in different angles or aspects, the system works still more efficiently.

THANK YOU