ImperialismImperialism

The extension of a nation’s power The extension of a nation’s power over other lands – culturally, over other lands – culturally,

economically, politicallyeconomically, politically

Motives for imperialismMotives for imperialism• 1) Economics (Industrial 1) Economics (Industrial

Revolution gave England Revolution gave England a need to get more land a need to get more land and resources)and resources)

• 2) Politics (to be the 2) Politics (to be the strongest, most powerful strongest, most powerful country you must have country you must have colonies)colonies)

• 3) Sense of Racial 3) Sense of Racial Superiority (Social Superiority (Social Darwinism)Darwinism)

• 4) Moral Responsibility 4) Moral Responsibility to civilize primitive to civilize primitive people (“White man’s people (“White man’s burden”)burden”)

Forms and Characteristics of Forms and Characteristics of ImperialismImperialism

1. Colony – country governed by foreign power

a. Indirect Rule (p. 651, 1006)

b. Direct Rule (p. 651, 1005)

2. Protectorate – country has own internal government, but under control of another

3. Sphere of Influence – outside power claims exclusive rights to investments and trade

4. Economic Imperialism – controls economy of another country by developing strong business and trade there

Areas of ColonialismAreas of Colonialism

Colonies Shmolonies!

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

• Great Britain – Great Britain – Singapore, BurmaSingapore, Burma

• France – Vietnam France – Vietnam (Indochina)(Indochina)

• Netherlands – Netherlands – Sumatra, Java, Sumatra, Java, New GuineaNew Guinea

• United States - United States - PhilippinesPhilippines

Benefits of Colonial RuleBenefits of Colonial Rule• Railroads, highways, Railroads, highways,

other structuresother structures

• Led to modern Led to modern economic system economic system (Created (Created entrepreneurial class)entrepreneurial class)

• Wealth for Imperial Wealth for Imperial CountryCountry

• Some educational Some educational reformreform

Problems and ResistanceProblems and Resistance• Plantation agriculturePlantation agriculture

• High taxesHigh taxes

• Removal/destruction of Removal/destruction of natural resources and natural resources and raw materials (teak raw materials (teak wood, rubber, spices, wood, rubber, spices, tea, sugar)tea, sugar)

• Early resistance failed – Early resistance failed – eventual success by eventual success by educated nationalists educated nationalists (i.e. Vietnam, Burma)(i.e. Vietnam, Burma)

AfricaAfrica

Berlin Conference (1884 – Berlin Conference (1884 – 1885)1885)

• 14 countries 14 countries (European) divide up (European) divide up AfricaAfrica

• No African delegates No African delegates at the conferenceat the conference

• By 1914, only By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia Ethiopia and Liberia are not under are not under European controlEuropean control

North AfricaNorth Africa

• Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire in control under in control under Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali

• Suez Canal stirs Suez Canal stirs British interestBritish interest

• British British eventually eventually control Egyptcontrol Egypt

Central AfricaCentral Africa• Interest in jungles Interest in jungles

(Livingstone and (Livingstone and Stanley) – not Stanley) – not strong colonial strong colonial interestinterest

• No real economic No real economic benefitbenefit

• Belgium takes Belgium takes Congo more for Congo more for status than profitstatus than profit

East AfricaEast Africa

• Similar to Central Similar to Central Africa as far as Africa as far as colonial valuecolonial value

• ““All this colonial All this colonial business is a business is a sham, but we need sham, but we need it for the elections” it for the elections” – Otto von – Otto von BismarckBismarck

Conflict in South AfricaConflict in South Africa

• 1. Africans – Zulus 1. Africans – Zulus are under British are under British control by 1870s control by 1870s

• 2. Boers (Dutch 2. Boers (Dutch Farmers) Farmers)

• 3. English3. English

Boer WarBoer War

• English chase Dutch English chase Dutch out of Southern out of Southern Africa and take Africa and take control (lots of gold control (lots of gold and diamonds there and diamonds there – Cecil Rhodes)– Cecil Rhodes)

• First total modern First total modern war (advanced war (advanced technology, citizens technology, citizens involved, detention involved, detention camps, etc.)camps, etc.)

Results of African Results of African ImperialismImperialism

• Racism – Racism – segregation segregation (Apartheid in (Apartheid in South Africa)South Africa)

• ““White Man’s White Man’s Burden”Burden”

• African African Nationalism – Nationalism – seek to end seek to end foreign ruleforeign rule

Rogers, William Allan. "Uncle Sam's New Class in the Artof Self-Government." Harper™s Weekly, 27 August 1898.

AssignmentAssignment

• 1) Complete p. 670 #1, 2, 5, 6; p. 1) Complete p. 670 #1, 2, 5, 6; p. 677 #1, 2, 4, 5, 6677 #1, 2, 4, 5, 6