imperialism in africa 1880s-1917. world known by europeans in 1300’s
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Imperialism in Africa
1880s-1917
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World Known by Europeans in 1300’s
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Age of Exploration – 1400s-1500s–explorers looked for spices/faster sea route to India and Asia
–only interested in exploring Africa and trading
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The Age of European Imperialism In Africa
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How were they able to take over?
advanced weapons–Maxim Gun (machine gun)
divide & conquer strategy
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Economic Motivesneed for raw materials to produce manufactured goods
needed markets to sell their goods
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Political Motivesnationalismmore colonies = more power
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Cultural Motives
spread Christianity –used missionaries
spread Western values–“we are the best” attitude
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Berlin Conference (1884)
Europeans divided up Africa
no Africans invited boundaries drawn by Europeans without considering Africans– Many different ethnic and religious groups forced together (conflicts)
– groups who got along were separated
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Political Effects
Traditional African govt. GONE– consensus
Direct Rule: colonial power controlled govt. at every level– France, Portugal, Germany, Belgium
Indirect Rule: left traditional African rulers in place – elite class created to carry out European rule (more conflict among Africans)
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Economic Effects
traditional African economy destroyed
– based on barter/trade – subsistence farming – no longer SELF- SUFFICIENT
dependent on Europeans for jobs and goods under European rule, need cash to buy things
cash crops grown, not food crops
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Cultural Effects money economy
– Men left home to make $ as miners, farm workers, to build railroads…
– villages & families separated
land now property of individuals not community