Imperialism Expands

Today we are going to describe how the policies and actions of the United States government impacted the affairs other

countries.

“Teddy” and Imperialism• European nations were

thinking about intervening in the Latin America.– Violating the Monroe Doctrine

• Roosevelt says stay out!– Roosevelt Corollary – United

States would become a police power, restoring order in Latin America.

– Extended the Monroe Doctrine

“Big Stick” Diplomacy• Americas role was to “civilize” weaker

nations– U.S. would be “police” of the Hemisphere

• How do you think Latin Americans felt about this?

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Teddy builds the Panama Canal• A quicker route for shipping goods from

Atlantic to Asia• Through Nicaragua or Panama

Need for Land • Land was owned by Colombia and U.S.

had to buy land– Colombia wanted more than the U.S. would

pay

• U.S. organizes a revolution for Panama to get independence from Colombia

Then the Canal

Was it easy to make?

Construction of Canal

• Area had soft soil and swamps• Diseases and accidents killed thousands

of workers• Cost $380 million• Completed in

1914

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy• Encouraged wealthy U.S. citizens and

businesses to invest in Central America• Low-interest loans

Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy

• U.S. had the right to deny recognition to any government in Latin America it saw as:– Oppressive– Undemocratic– Hostile to U.S. interests

US and Mexico

Mexican Revolution!

• Diaz had ruled Mexico for over 30 years

• Peasants and workers overthrew him

Revolution Continues

• Villa and Zapata lead peasants and indigenous Mexicans for land and rights

Villa Continues to Fight

• Crosses into New Mexico and kills Americans tries to get U.S. to invade to take out new corrupt President

No War, but No Peace for Mexico

• U.S. foreign policy continues to exert control over Mexico and other Latin American Nations

U.S.-Japanese Relations• Japan had closed itself

to outsiders in the late 1400s; held a strong mistrust of Western cultures

• In mid-1800s, US businesses began to view Japan as an untapped market for trade

Russo-Japanese War• 1904-1905: Russia and

Japan went to war over control of Korea and Manchuria

• US President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw peace negotiations (Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905)

• Japan disappointed in negotiations – Weakens US-Japanese

relationship

US and China• Political and military China

weak – Lost war with Japan in 1894– Bullied into “leasing”

Manchuria to Russia in 1898– US exports increased

• Chinese market had strong potential for American business

Spheres of Influence in China• Countries fighting for

influence:– Russia– Germany– France– Japan– Britain

• US was in danger of losing China as a market for US products

• Leads to Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy• 1899: US Secretary of State

John Hay sent his “open door note”– Notification to other

world powers that the US supported open trade in China

• Foreign powers were angered over US demands– But did nothing in

response

The Boxer Rebellion• 1900: Chinese nationalists,

unhappy with foreigners’ influence on China, rose up in revolt

• Hundreds of foreigners were killed

• US contributed troops to an international force which crushed the rebellion