IMPERIALISM

AIM: What were the motives of Imperialism?

DO NOW: Rudyard Kipling “The White Man’s Burden” 1899

“Take up the White Man’s burden – In patience to abide,

To veil the threat of terror and check the show of pride; By open speech and simple,

An hundred times made plain, to seek another’s profit,

and work another’s gain.”

What are the duties of imperial nations?

• Imperialism: the domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country of region.

*European imperialism began in 1492 but changed in the 1800s!

NEW IMPERIALISM

ACTIVITY

IMPERIALISM ROLE-PLAY

AIM: HOW DID WESTERN NATIONS COME TO DOMINATE MUCH OF THE WORLD IN THE LATE 1800S?

Do now: Quiz - Nationalism

Unit essential question: How did Western industrial powers gain global powers?

MOTIVES• E XPLORATORY

• M

• P OLITICAL

• I DEOLOGICAL

• R ELIGIOUS

• E CONOMIC

• S OCIAL DARWINISM

*What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s?

RAPID SPREAD OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM

• 1. Weakness of Non-Western States: several older civilizations were in decline while European nations grew stronger

• 2. Western Advantages: strong economies, well-organized governments, powerful armies & navies, superior technology, new medicines

COMPARING VIEWPOINTS• “I contend that we are the

first race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race. I contend that every acre added to our territory provides for the birth of more of the English race, who otherwise would not be brought into existence…I believe it to be my duty to God, my Queen and my country to paint the whole map of Africa red, red from the Cape to Cairo. That is my creed, my dream, and my mission.

-Cecil Rhodes

• “A Pink Cheek man came one day to our Council…and he told us of the King of the Pink Cheek who..lived in a land over the seas. ‘This great king is now your king,’ he said. This was strange news. For this land was ours…We had no king, we elected our Councils and they made our laws. With patience, our leading Elders tried to tell this to the Pink Cheek…But at the end he said, ‘This we know, but in spite of this what I have told you is a fact. You have not a king…and his laws are your laws.”

-Chief Kabongo (Kenya)

FORMS OF IMPERIAL RULE

• Direct rule: officials and soldiers sent to administer colonies (FRENCH)

• Indirect rule: westernized & groomed local chiefs, rulers, sultans encouraged education of the ruling country (BRITISH)

• Protectorate: local rulers were left in place but were advised to follow European instruction.

• Spheres of influence: area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

AIM: HOW DID IMPERIALIST EUROPEAN POWERS CLAIM CONTROL OVER MOST OF AFRICA BY THE END OF THE 1800S?

Do now: What does EMPIRES stand for? What was the ‘White Man’s Burden’?

colonies (inferior- less developed areas) are imperialized (controlled) by superior countries

Africa had an abundance of minerals, commercial crops and favorable land that industrialized countries wanted.

AN EASY TARGET (1800S)

Twice the size of EuropeNorthern Africa: (fertile

land) ruled by the declining Ottoman Empire

West Africa: Islamic crusades; welcome European control to help against Asante rule (tributary rule)

East Africa: ivory, copper, slaves

South Africa: Zulu vs. Boer (Dutch descendants against British rule)

MISSIONARIES FOLLOWED EXPLORERS

“If it be friendship you desire, then I am ready for it…but be your subject, I cannot be…I do not fall at your feet, for you are God’s creature just as I am.”

-Chief Machemba to German officer

BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884King Leopold II “carry

the light…to help men away from barbarism”

true goal: conquest & profit

To avoid bloodshed, European powers met; no Africans were invited

Redrew the entire map of Africa without regard for tradition or boundaries

Belgians exploited riches (copper, ivory, rubber, villagers) in the Congo

France invaded & conquered the greatest amount in Africa, killing thousands. Their empire included parts of the West, North & Central regions.

Britain was scattered, but took another large portion.

Boer War (1899-1902) guerrilla warfare, but British won at a great cost

Setup a government system of racial segregation within South Africa (1910)= apartheid

Portuguese, Germans, & Italians soon followed taking land as well.

The Scramble for Africa

TWO CAN PLAY AT THAT GAME..

Reformed ruler, Melenik II, modernized Ethiopia

Setup roads, bridgesImported new weaponsTrained his army

Italian invaders were crushed (1896) at the Battle of Adwa

Only African nation, besides Liberia to keep independence

EXIT QUESTION• In what ways was the Berlin Conference and 19th century Imperialism detrimental to the African people? What effect did the drawing of borders at the Conference have on African natives?

AIM: HOW DID EUROPEAN NATIONS

EXTEND THEIR POWER INTO MUSLIM REGIONS

OF THE WORLD?

Do Now: What is the ‘Muslim World’?

(1700’s) All three Muslim empires are at a decline: Corruption Muslim scholars & religious leaders allied with the

state to go against the government Loss of central government

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

Through diplomacy & military threats, European powers won treaties giving favorable trading terms.

PROBLEMS FOR OTTOMAN EMPIRE

(1800s) pashas: provincial rulers increased in power

Economic problems & corruption The multiethnic empire = Nationalist revolts break out Egypt

slipped from their controlRussia wanted control of Ottoman empire straits that linked to

Mediterranean Sea

Britain wanted Russia’s goal and feared loss of land to India

Germany built from Berlin to Baghdad a railway to expand their empire (1898)

Ottoman’s westernization= population & sultans (rulers) were against using a foreign culture

Sultan is overthrown by Young Turks Armenian Genocide: Muslim Turks v Christian Armenians

MUHAMMAD ALI“FATHER OF

MODERN EGYPT” Improving tax collection

Large irrigation system= increase farm output

Expanded cotton production= increased Egypt’s world trade

Built a well-trained army

Conquered neighboring lands of Arabia, Syria, & Sudan

Egypt became major Middle Eastern power

SUEZ CANAL (WATERWAY IN EGYPT)

Connects Red Sea & Med. Sea, shortening route to

EuropeHigh interest rates

Egypt’s ruler unable to pay sell shares in the canal to

BritainEgypt became a protectorate

of Britain and modernized under their policies

Nationalist discontent grew

PERSIA & EUROPEAN POWERS

• Qajar helped modernized (1794-1925)• Russia wanted to protect its southern territory & Britain

wanted India

• Spheres of influence developed• Oil fields grew interest

• Concessions: special rights

• Soldiers were sent to prevent any revolt

Some Persians wanted to westernize, others did not

ACTIVITY

David Letterman – Top 10 List

Aim: How did Britain gradually extend its control over India despite its opposition?

Do Now: Define exploitation.Explain the Hindu belief system of India.

BRITISH COLONIAL INDIA 1765-1805

1765 1805

*Note: The British territory is colored pink on the map.

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and Royal Hunting Party

THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY 1837-1857

East India Company military officer and his Indian assistant, 1770

BRITISH COLONIAL INDIA 1837-1857

18571837

SEPOYS: INDIAN SOLDIERS

Sepoy Infantryman, 1819

Madras Cavalry of British India, 1845

REBELLION OF 1857

Attack of the Mutineers at Lucknow, July 30, 1857

SPREAD OF THE REBELLION

A BRITISH PERSPECTIVE

Cartoon from Punch Magazine

September 1857

“A single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.” -Thomas Macaulay

VOCAB WORDS• Sati: a Hindu custom practiced mainly by the upper

classes where a widow would join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.

• Sepoys: Indian soldiers in the East India Company that had to serve anywhere, either in India or overseas.

• Viceroy: a British man in India who governed in the name of the queen.

• Deforestation: cutting of trees

• Purdah: the isolation of women in separate quarters.

BLESSING…. OR CURSE….?• Medical improvements• Railway systems->

communication, trade travel • Nationalism --*not for all---Muslims and Hindus separate from their original thought Muslim league 1906 • Education improved • Civil service jobs- Brits had

best though• Military• Some landowners made profit

from the selling of crops

• Market & source of raw materials.== deforestation (neg) & over pop famine + higher taxes to occupy british troops

• Ram mohun roy- disliked separation of women in separate quarters

ACTIVITY: NEWSPAPER

Directions: Create a front page of a newspaper either from the British

point of view or Indian point of view. Be sure to include images and text.