ImperialismImperialism

1800-19141800-1914

AP Euro BellringerAP Euro Bellringer

Define…Define…

ImperialismImperialism

New ImperialismNew Imperialism

(Chapter 25)(Chapter 25)

New Imperialism and Its CausesNew Imperialism and Its Causes– Domination by one country of the political, Domination by one country of the political,

economic, or cultural life of another country or economic, or cultural life of another country or region.region.

– Economic interestsEconomic interestsManufacturers need access to natural Manufacturers need access to natural resources (petroleum, rubber, manganese resources (petroleum, rubber, manganese for steel, palm oil for machinery)for steel, palm oil for machinery)Need market to sell factory goodsNeed market to sell factory goods

Rationale for ImperialismRationale for Imperialism

Political and military interestsPolitical and military interests

–Rise of nationalism Rise of nationalism

–““we’re SO better than YOU” we’re SO better than YOU”

– land = prestigeland = prestige

Rationale for ImperialismRationale for Imperialism

Humanitarian GoalsHumanitarian Goals

– Westerners feel concern for the “savages” Westerners feel concern for the “savages” beyond the seasbeyond the seas

– Missionaries, doctors, colonial officials, Missionaries, doctors, colonial officials, etc, want to spread blessings of Western etc, want to spread blessings of Western civilization; including medicine, law, and civilization; including medicine, law, and Christian religionChristian religion

Rationale for ImperialismRationale for Imperialism

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

– Racial superiorityRacial superiority

– European races are superiorEuropean races are superior

– imperial conquest and destruction of imperial conquest and destruction of weaker races were nature’s way of weaker races were nature’s way of improving the human speciesimproving the human species

The Success of Western The Success of Western ImperialismImperialism

During 1870-1914 Imperialists During 1870-1914 Imperialists gained much more control over gained much more control over the worldthe worldReasons for Western SuccessReasons for Western Success– Weakness of Nonwestern Weakness of Nonwestern

StatesStatesOttoman, Mughal, and Qing Ottoman, Mughal, and Qing empires were decliningempires were decliningSlave trade had drained much Slave trade had drained much of W Africaof W Africa

– Western AdvantagesWestern AdvantagesStrong economics, well Strong economics, well organized gvts, pwrful armies organized gvts, pwrful armies and navies, improved medical and navies, improved medical knowledge, military knowledge, military technologytechnology

ResistanceResistance– Asians and Africans often resisted domination Asians and Africans often resisted domination

and fought backand fought back

Criticism at HomeCriticism at Home– Imperialism immoral?Imperialism immoral?– Imperialism hypocritical? Imperialism hypocritical?

– Democracy v. imposition of power Democracy v. imposition of power

Forms of Imperial RuleForms of Imperial Rule

ColoniesColonies– France – use direct ruleFrance – use direct rule

Sends officials and soldiers from France to Sends officials and soldiers from France to administeradministerGoal? Impose French culture on colonies and Goal? Impose French culture on colonies and then into French provincesthen into French provinces

– Britain – use indirect ruleBritain – use indirect ruleUse sultans, chiefs/local rulers, etcUse sultans, chiefs/local rulers, etcEncourage children of rulers to get education in Encourage children of rulers to get education in Britain (to groom a new Westernized generation of Britain (to groom a new Westernized generation of leaders)leaders)

ProtectoratesProtectorates– Local rulers were left in place, but were Local rulers were left in place, but were

expected to follow the advice of European expected to follow the advice of European advisers (Puppet and satellite relationship)advisers (Puppet and satellite relationship)

Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence– Outside power claims exclusive Outside power claims exclusive

investment/trading privileges with an area (US investment/trading privileges with an area (US claims Latin Am.)claims Latin Am.)

http://www.historydudes.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/scramble_for_africa.jpg

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa

Berlin Berlin Conference, Conference, 18841884

European powers meet European powers meet to carve up Africa while to carve up Africa while avoiding bloodshedavoiding bloodshed– Can’t claim a country Can’t claim a country

unless you set up a unless you set up a government office theregovernment office there

– Lines are drawn without Lines are drawn without regard to ethnic groups or regard to ethnic groups or tribal territoriestribal territories

– Ethiopians resist Italy’s Ethiopians resist Italy’s attempts to take over; B. attempts to take over; B. of Adowa; Ethiopians are of Adowa; Ethiopians are victoriousvictorious

The Middle EastThe Middle East

Suez Canal – Suez Canal – commissioned by commissioned by France, but Egypt France, but Egypt will fall into will fall into Britain’s hands; Britain’s hands;

Iran dealing with Iran dealing with Russian and Russian and British quests for British quests for the Iranian oil the Iranian oil fields fields

IndiaIndiain Britain’s hands, Britain’s most beneficial in Britain’s hands, Britain’s most beneficial colony; Indians often discontent, Sepoy colony; Indians often discontent, Sepoy Rebellion, will form Indian National Rebellion, will form Indian National Congress in 1885 Congress in 1885

ChinaChina

Britain gets many hooked Britain gets many hooked on opium and causes great on opium and causes great turmoil within the country; turmoil within the country; China bans the drug, China bans the drug, Britain refuses to stop Britain refuses to stop selling it; selling it; struggles in China as to struggles in China as to how much “modern” and how much “modern” and “Western” influence to “Western” influence to allow – results in many allow – results in many rebellions and great rebellions and great instability within the instability within the country country

JapanJapan

opened trade to the opened trade to the US and others after US and others after 1854 and begins to 1854 and begins to modernize extremely modernize extremely rapidly rapidly

AustraliaAustralia

originated as a “ditching” area for British originated as a “ditching” area for British convicts, will eventually be recognized as convicts, will eventually be recognized as an independent state an independent state

CanadaCanada

gained by Britain in 1763 from France; gained by Britain in 1763 from France; Upper-Canada (English speaking) and Upper-Canada (English speaking) and Lower-Canada (French speaking), Canada Lower-Canada (French speaking), Canada rebels, achieves self-rule, but keeps close rebels, achieves self-rule, but keeps close ties ties

The Sun Never Sets on the British EmpireThe Sun Never Sets on the British Empire

Long Term Effects of ImperialismLong Term Effects of Imperialism

Age of Imperialism = emergence of a Age of Imperialism = emergence of a global economyglobal economy

Industrial nations benefit (US, Germ. Brit, Industrial nations benefit (US, Germ. Brit, and Fr.)and Fr.)

Less-developed nations provide Less-developed nations provide agricultural goods, raw materials, and agricultural goods, raw materials, and cheap labor (Asia, Africa, Latin Am)cheap labor (Asia, Africa, Latin Am)

New Economic PatternsNew Economic Patterns

Money Economy Money Economy – Barter system replaced by money economyBarter system replaced by money economy

Economic Dependency (depend on Economic Dependency (depend on industrial nations products)industrial nations products)Also known as – economic subjugationAlso known as – economic subjugationModernizationModernization– Modern banking systemModern banking system– Transportation networksTransportation networks

Railroads!Railroads!Canals!Canals!

Cultural ImpactCultural Impact

Westernization – gvt, ideas, technology, and Westernization – gvt, ideas, technology, and cultureculture– Resented or embraced? Resented or embraced?

Schools and Hospitals – Schools and Hospitals – – Built by missionariesBuilt by missionaries– Taught literacyTaught literacy– Introduced vaccines and hygiene Introduced vaccines and hygiene

ReligionReligion– Missionaries and Christian faithMissionaries and Christian faith

Impact on Western Culture Impact on Western Culture – New foods, art, architecture, sculptors, etcNew foods, art, architecture, sculptors, etc

Political EffectsPolitical Effects

Early 1900’s – Africa and Asia – Western Early 1900’s – Africa and Asia – Western educated elites begin organizing educated elites begin organizing nationalist movements to end colonial rulenationalist movements to end colonial rule

Competition between industrial Competition between industrial nations=extra tensionnations=extra tension