Impacts of industrialization Impacts of industrialization on the quality of the on the quality of the

environmentenvironment

IntroductionIntroduction

Major points for studyMajor points for study

Introducing various types of pollution (air, Introducing various types of pollution (air, water, land and noise) caused by industrial water, land and noise) caused by industrial activitiesactivities

Reviewing the features of urban climate Reviewing the features of urban climate (climate of an industrial city)(climate of an industrial city)

Assessing the impacts (both positive and Assessing the impacts (both positive and negative) of industrialization on the quality negative) of industrialization on the quality of environmentof environment

How serious pollution problem is?How serious pollution problem is? 理大研究發現，香港受區域污染嚴重影響，令郊外的米埔空理大研究發現，香港受區域污染嚴重影響，令郊外的米埔空氣質素，有時比車來車往的紅磡海底隧道入口一帶更為惡劣。氣質素，有時比車來車往的紅磡海底隧道入口一帶更為惡劣。

為了解珠三角工廠對區域污染及本港影響，理大在今年農曆為了解珠三角工廠對區域污染及本港影響，理大在今年農曆新年前後及工廠新年停工期間，在米埔及鄰近紅隧入口的理新年前後及工廠新年停工期間，在米埔及鄰近紅隧入口的理大天台監察懸浮粒子，結果發現，工廠新年停工期間的大天台監察懸浮粒子，結果發現，工廠新年停工期間的 AOTAOT多為多為 0.30.3的一般水平，而且理大與米埔的懸浮粒子水平相若。的一般水平，而且理大與米埔的懸浮粒子水平相若。不過假期結束後，懸浮粒子濃度升，最高試過不過假期結束後，懸浮粒子濃度升，最高試過 AOTAOT達達 0.80.8，，逾半日子是逾半日子是 0.40.4或以上。最令人嘖嘖稱奇，是米埔的懸浮粒子或以上。最令人嘖嘖稱奇，是米埔的懸浮粒子水平較理大高一倍。水平較理大高一倍。

理大土地測量及地理資訊學系副教授李真說﹕「當我們以為理大土地測量及地理資訊學系副教授李真說﹕「當我們以為九龍最中心地帶的空氣一定很差，卻有趣地發現，鄰近中港九龍最中心地帶的空氣一定很差，卻有趣地發現，鄰近中港邊界的米埔污染更嚴重，想不到米埔會比九龍（空氣質素）邊界的米埔污染更嚴重，想不到米埔會比九龍（空氣質素）更糟。」她認為，結果反映本港受區域污染直接影響，而內更糟。」她認為，結果反映本港受區域污染直接影響，而內地廠房是香港一個很主要的污染源。地廠房是香港一個很主要的污染源。

懸浮粒子的來源，包括火力發電、汽車運輸或工廠生產工序，懸浮粒子的來源，包括火力發電、汽車運輸或工廠生產工序，李真說，現階段研究未能追溯個別地區或廠房的污染量，將李真說，現階段研究未能追溯個別地區或廠房的污染量，將有待繼續追查污染源頭。有待繼續追查污染源頭。

What is environmental quality?What is environmental quality?

Environment = external conditions outside Environment = external conditions outside oneselfoneself

Environmental conditions = material Environmental conditions = material elements + non-material elementselements + non-material elements

Physical + chemical + biological Physical + chemical + biological characteristicscharacteristics of material elements of material elements quality of environmentquality of environment

What is pollution?What is pollution?

Pollution = any changes in material Pollution = any changes in material elements elements health, survival and activities health, survival and activities of organisms of organisms in an undesirable wayin an undesirable way

Major types of pollution caused by Major types of pollution caused by industries:industries:

Air, water, noise and land pollutionAir, water, noise and land pollution

Why is manufacturing a significant Why is manufacturing a significant modifier of environment?modifier of environment?

Consider:Consider: Inputs (materials, energy)Inputs (materials, energy) Manufacturing processesManufacturing processes OutputsOutputs (harmful output) to environment (harmful output) to environment

Types of pollution caused by Types of pollution caused by industriesindustries

Air pollutionAir pollution Water pollutionWater pollution Noise pollutionNoise pollution Land pollutionLand pollution Thermal pollutionThermal pollution Visual pollutionVisual pollution

Types of industriesTypes of industries

Heavy and complex processing industries, Heavy and complex processing industries, e.g. petroleum refining, petrochemical e.g. petroleum refining, petrochemical industriesindustries

Water-demanding industries, e.g. textile, Water-demanding industries, e.g. textile, bleaching and dyeing, iron and steel bleaching and dyeing, iron and steel industriesindustries

Light industries, e.g. electronics, toyLight industries, e.g. electronics, toy

Examples of industriesExamples of industries Food and beverage industryFood and beverage industry Building materials industryBuilding materials industry Chemical and chemical Chemical and chemical

products industryproducts industry Drug and pharmaceutical Drug and pharmaceutical

industry industry Electric and electronic Electric and electronic

industry industry Footwear industryFootwear industry Furniture and fixtures Furniture and fixtures

industryindustry IT industryIT industry Leather and allied products Leather and allied products

industryindustry Machinery industryMachinery industry

Metal industry (ferrous & Metal industry (ferrous & non-ferrous)non-ferrous)

Mining industryMining industry Motor vehicle industryMotor vehicle industry Paper industryPaper industry Petroleum products industryPetroleum products industry Plastic industryPlastic industry Power generationPower generation Rubber & synthetics rubber Rubber & synthetics rubber

products industry & rubber products industry & rubber industryindustry

Telecommunication Telecommunication Textile industryTextile industry Timber industryTimber industry

ReferencesReferences

Guinness & Nagle, Guinness & Nagle, Advanced Geography: Concepts & Advanced Geography: Concepts & CasesCases (910 GUI 8826) (910 GUI 8826)

Pollution of the natural environment CH.14 Pollution of the natural environment CH.14 Pollution: an overview 482-484Pollution: an overview 482-484 Air pollution 485-489Air pollution 485-489 Land pollution 489-502Land pollution 489-502 Water Pollution 502-508Water Pollution 502-508 Greenhouse effect & global warming Greenhouse effect & global warming 510-512510-512 Lines,Lines, A Level Geography A Level Geography (910 GEO 7881) Pollution (910 GEO 7881) Pollution

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