impacts of food safety standards
TRANSCRIPT
IMPACTS OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS ON
PROCESSED ANIMAL BASED EXPORT
“FOCUSED ON POULTRY INDUSTRIES THAILAND”
By
Dr.Atcharaporn Khoomtong
CONTENT
IntroductionGeneral overview about Food Safety StandardsOverview about Food Safety Standards in ThailandGeneral Food safety concern in the poultry product Present Situation of food safety in the export
poultry industry of Thailand
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CONTENT
Flooding situation in Thailand Effect to poultry industry?
Benefit from Achieving Food safety standards Certification in Thailand
Constraints in the implementation Food Safety Standards in case of SMEs Food industries Thailand
Recommendations
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INTRODUCTION
Thailand
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The richest agricultural Produce Country in the world, located in the most fertile land on tropical area of Southeast Asia.
Thailand
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The primary export markets are Japan, the US, EU, and ASEAN. Most food exports are prepared and ready-to-eat. The major categories are:
Seafood
Fresh and processed fruit and vegetables
Canned and other processed forms
Fresh - Frozen and Processed chicken
Other goods
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MAJOR MARKETS OF FRESH - FROZEN AND PROCESSED CHICKEN OF THAILAND
Japan, 43.27%
UK, 29.81%
Netherland, 9.14%
Germany, 4.04%
Veitnam, 2.71%
Other, 11.03%
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GENERAL OVERVIEW ABOUT FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
can be considered to have three main components:
quality control
quality assurance
quality improvement.
Consumers want the assurance that they are receivinga safe and sanitary food supply.
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Food Safety Standards
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE FOOD CHAIN
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OVERVIEW ABOUT FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN THAILAND
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INTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADE
Direct
Common Agricultural Policy
- European Union : EU- = 25 Nations
Indirect
agreement under World Trade Organization
(WTO)
Advance Technology
AGREEMENT UNDER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
Decreasing Subsidy Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures Agreement on Trade and Environment
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IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
Import Quota
Quantitative Measures
Restrict of export quantity of poultry from Thailand
Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures : SPS
- Qualitative Measures
Effect of Brand Image BuildingHigh Cost Production
POTENTIAL FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER EFFECTS OF THAILAND EXPORTER???
From Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures : SPS ,Thailand have to control about MRLs and also GMP in feed mill and treatment of animal manufacturings
Change style of export poultry product in 2004 from The HPAI outbreaks
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STRUCTURE OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN THAILAND
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Safety Requirements for Agricultural Commodity and Food
plantlivestock fish
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
USA
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Europe
Australia
INDUSTRY RECOGNIZED FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
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Fruit&vegetableProducts
EU marketrequirements
EU marketrequirements
Generalproducts in
other markets
GENERAL FOOD SAFETY CONCERN IN THE POULTRY PRODUCT
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COMMERCIAL BROILER SUPPLY CHAIN: THAILAND
Possible sources of Samonella sp. &Listeria sp. for Broiler22
microbiological risks
Samonella sp
Listeria sp
Highly pathogenic
avian influenza
virus(H5N1)
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Dioxin
Organochlorinatedinsecticides
Antibiotics
chemical risks
Nitrofuran
THE VERTICAL CHAIN OF POULTRY FOOD-PRODUCTS AND EXAMPLES OF POSSIBLE HAZARD POINTS
Iden
tifi
cati
on a
nd
Tra
cin
g sy
stem
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PRESENT SITUATION OF FOOD SAFETY IN THE EXPORT POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
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16
25
20
25
25
25
30
25
31
25
32
25
33
25
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25
35
25
36
25
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25
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25
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25
40
25
41
25
42
25
43
25
44
25
45
25
46
25
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25
48
25
49
25
50 .
MT
Source : Thai Broiler Processing Exporters Association
Thai Broiler HistoryThai Broiler History
Start to ExportFrozen chicken
163 ล้านตนั
Start to Exportprocessed chicken BSE in UK
พบสารNitrofuransและ Chloramphenical
ThailandFinancial
CrisisDepreciation
Avian Flu
Quota tariff
1973
2003
2006
1991
1996
1997
1999
EUออกWhite Paper
Animal Welfare
Source: The Ministry of Commerce
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THAILAND EXPORT VALUE OF POULTRY
POULTRY PRODUCTION IN THAILAND
can be classified
three primary systems;
smallholder backyard farming
semi-industrial production
large-scale industrial production
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Laws System Certification
Schematic representations Regulation Standard issued by Department of Livestock Development
Note * mean forced only the exporters29
REGULATIONSCONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
Ministerial Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
on Livestock Farm Standard of Thailand B.E. 2542 (1999; Broiler farm
standard), B.E. 2546 (2003; Meat-type duck farm standard)
Poultry Meat and Poultry Products Inspection Regulations B.E. 2548
(2005)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry at Farm B.E. 2542 (1999)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry During Transport B.E.
2542 (1999)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry at the Time of
Slaughter or Killing B.E. 2542 (1999)
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REGULATIONSCONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
Regulations of the DLD on Traceability System of Livestock
Products B.E. 2546 (2003)
Regulations of the DLD on Implementation of HACCP for
Slaughterhouses and Meat Processing Plants Manufacturing
for Export B.E. 2547 (2004)
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CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEATAND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
I. Poultry standard farm
II. Pre-slaughter inspection at poultry farm
III. Movement control
IV. Accreditation of poultry slaughterhouse and processing plant
for export manufacture
V. Inspection at poultry slaughterhouse
VI. Inspection at poultry meat products processing plant
VII. Certification for export
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I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
1. Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives on Livestock
Farm Standard of Thailand 1999, 2003
2. Criteria for certification of farm standards:
- farm bio-security system
- appropriate housing
- good husbandry and hygienic practices
- adequate personnel and veterinary supervision
- good animal health management and welfare
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3. Private veterinarians trained and licensed by the DLD
4. Follow-up inspection every 6 month by the DLD committee
5. Renewal of certification every 2 years
6. Withdrawal of certification in case of infringement
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I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
II. PRE-SLAUGHTER INSPECTION AT POULTRY FARM
1. Farm is not under restriction in connection with any poultry
infectious diseases
2. Sampling 60 cloacal swabs per flock for AI analysis
3. Negative result of AI is required for movement permit
4. Antemortem inspection by the DLD provincial officers maximum 3 d
prior to slaughter
5. Issue the Poultry Inspection Report at Farm (LSC 001 form)
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III. MOVEMENT CONTROL
1. The DLD provincial veterinary officer
issues the Animal Movement Permit
2. Poultry must be accompanied with LSC
001, AI testing result and Movement
Permit during transportation to
slaughterhouse
3. Animal Quarantine Station or
Checkpoints of DLD examine poultry and
documents en route
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IV. ACCREDITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND PROCESSING PLANT FOR EXPORT MANUFACTURE
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Procedures of accreditation
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
A DLD veterinary meat inspector and a number of meat inspectors
per shift in every slaughterhouse
Antemortem inspection using information from LSC 001, movement
permit
Animal Welfare
Postmortem inspection
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Operational hygiene
Personal hygiene
Sanitation of premise
HACCP implementation
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V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
Routine sampling
Storage & transportation Meat transfer certificate for transfer meat to further processing
Traceability system40
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
A DLD veterinary meat inspector and meat inspector(s)
Incoming meat / Meat transfer certificate
Operational hygiene
Personal hygiene
Sanitation of premise
HACCP implementation
VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS PROCESSING PLANT
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Routine sampling
Storage & transportation Traceability system
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VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS PROCESSING PLANT
VII. CERTIFICATION FOR EXPORT
Export permit issued by a vet meat inspector on-site
Loading products into shipping container
DLD seal
Product check list
Trace back record
Issue Health Certificate at the DLD head office
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HOW TO EXPORT ???
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Health Certificate
Export to Muslim Market
Poultry meat products processing plant &
Cold storage
Frozen steamdchicken meat
Export to General Internationl Market
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TRACE B
ACK R
ECORD
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NUMBER OF HACCP/GMP-CERTIFIED FACTORIES IN EACH POULTRY INDUSTRY SECTOR
Source: Department of Livestock Development: DLD, (Updated December, 2010)Note * mean certify by Department of Livestock
** mean certify by Ministry of Interior
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CASE STUDY OF ANY HAZARDSIN POULTRY PRODUCT OF THAILAND
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Nitro-furans (a banned group of antibiotics) Dioxin
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food (Revised 1997)
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of Pesticides in Food and Animal Feeds (Revised 1997)
EU Commission, Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Feedstuffs of animal Origin.
Japan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, Food Sanitation Law, MRL for Veterinary Drugs in Food of Animal Origin.
Thailand
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CODE OF HYGIENIC PRACTICE FOR MEAT
GUIDE FOR THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SPICESAND HERBS USED IN PROCESSED MEAT
AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
CODE OF PRACTICE ON GOOD ANIMAL FEEDING
GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF CAMPYLOBACTER AND
SALMONELLA IN CHICKEN MEAT
THE HPAI OUTBREAKS IN THAILAND 2004 TO 2006
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Outbreak in poultry sector is Bird flu viruses
BIOSECURITY CERTIFICATION AGAINST AVIAN FLU:FOOD SAFETY TECHNOLOGY
FOR COMPETITIVENESS ON WORLD MARKETS
A compartment is defined as a welldefined area whereanimals are kept undera biosecurity managementsystem. At every stage ofproduction the origin ofthe chicken meat destinedfor export can be tracedback to a specific flock in
a specific compartment.
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Food safety measures to bring the buyers back
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TRACEABILITY BY DLD 54
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FLOODING SITUATION IN THAILAND EFFECT TO POULTRY INDUSTRY?
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POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND IS LOCATED IN CENTRAL AREA
The Agriculture Ministry reports about 7 million head of livestock were affected by the current floods
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: GENERAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURE OF THE EFFECTSOF FLOODS ON NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES
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FROM MY POINT OF VIEW, FLOODS MAY BE AFFECTED TO POULTRY INDUSTRY IN THAILAND SUCH AS,
Effect of flood on feed mill industry
Effect of flood on sanitation and hygiene
Effect of flood on food safety
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EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FEED MILL INDUSTRY The potential that flood can lead to environmental dispersion
of animal waste containing numerous biologic and chemical
hazards. It could be contaminate to feed mill animals.
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EFFECT OF FLOOD ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE Floodwater may contain fecal material from overflowing sewage system canbe heavily contaminated with pesticides to highly hazards chemicals. Could be cross contamination between water supply system and sewagesystem in hatchery farms that water treatment system may go out of orderor malfunction due to flood impacts and sewer discharge may directly enter thewatercourse without purification. Water-borne diseases, such as diarrhea diseases, acute respiratoryinfections are common among flood-affected people andbroilers. They can increase to epidemic levels even in a moderate flood.
EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FOOD SAFETY
During the flood, electricity supply may be cut off. Without electricity hatchery farm activities will be stop .
Slaughter house or processed plants without electricity cold stores and refrigerators will stop functioning. The meat poultry in these facilities will start decaying after 4 hours.
If flood continue long time, it will be affected to transportation system that may be cause of shortage food finally.
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BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS CERTIFICATION IN THAILAND
Food safety standards certification benefits may be measured as “external” and “internal” benefits. External benefits are realized externally from the system
such as an increase in market share or gaining customer recognition.
Internal benefit is a benefit experienced within system such as increased employee moral or reduction in nonconforming product.
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BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
Benefits to Food
Industry
Benefits to Consumers
Benefits to Governments
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CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN CASE OF SMES FOOD INDUSTRIES THAILAND
Cost
Knowledge
Readiness
Labor
Production of Technology
Old machinery in production process
Legislation and Enforcement 65
REALITY IS THAT SMALLHOLDERS MIGHT DISAPPEAR
Even if they have market access…they may be unable to meet High transaction costs for certain market outlets Costs of compliance to meet standards:
Import requirements...disease status, traceability, animal welfare, GAP, SPS, compulsory inspection
Product requirement.....quality cuts, hygiene standards, packaging, labelling, traceability
Changing marketing channels concentration in export, processing, and retailing
changes in vertical coordination of supply chains (for example, thought Thailand switched from contract farming to full vertical integration because of disease threat (AI)- not happening as expected)
RECOMMENDATIONS
Food safety could be strengthened by strengthening the links along the food chain and building in demands by the next person in the chain
Thailand depute a separate organization that is responsible, for food safety standards implementation for the whole country with a clear objective, strategy and plan Especially in case of poultry industries, government should focus in Horizontal issues such as animal feeding, guide to good farming practices, role of the Veterinary Services in food safety, anti-microbial resistance, animal identification and traceability, meat inspection, certification, model certificates and also included biotechnology.
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Government policy should aim at providing knowledge, training, consultation and financial support while ensuring that there are sufficient resources for auditing these factories.
Thailand needs a national policy to facilitate the development of the food safety system through the entire food chain to eliminate the conflicts and the overlapping work responsibilities among governmental units.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
DLD - Department of Livestock Development ,HPAI Control Measure Undertaken in Thailand since 2004, 2006a, Available at www.dld.go.th
Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO),“Improving Efficiency and Transparency in Food Safety Systems—Sharing
Experiences”. Proceedings of the FAO/WHO Global Forum of Food Safety Regulators, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, 28-30 January 2002. Rome:
FAO/WHO.
Frederick A. et al,Impact of Floods on Livelihoods and Vulnerability of Natural Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Ghana,Water, 2, 120-139, 2010.
G. C. Mead, Food safety control in the poultry industry, Woodhead Publishing Limited, England, 2005.
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…..ETC…….
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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DEFINITIONS
Competent authorityThe official authority charged by the government with thecontrol of meat hygiene, including setting and enforcing
regulatory meat hygiene requirements.
Ante-mortem inspectionAny procedure or test conducted by a competent person on live animals for the purpose of judgement of safety and suitability and disposition
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ContaminantAny biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or other substance not intentionally added to food thatmay compromise food safety or suitability.
Good Hygienic PracticeAll practices regarding the conditions and measuresnecessary to ensure the safety and suitability of foodat all stages of the food chain
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