impacts of first generation agrofuels
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Impacts of First Generation Agrofuels. Climate. Biodiversity. Agrofuel Impacts. Communities. Food. Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Drivers of agrofuel expansion. Two Converging Imperatives Kyoto protocol / Climate ‘techno-fixes’ Oil depletion ('Peak Oil') One Dysfunctional Paradigm - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Impacts of First Generation Agrofuels
FoodCom
munitie
s
BiodiversityClimate
AgrofuelImpacts
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Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica
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Drivers of agrofuel expansion
Two Converging Imperatives● Kyoto protocol / Climate ‘techno-fixes’● Oil depletion ('Peak Oil')
One Dysfunctional Paradigm● Economic Growth / Profit
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US / EU Policy – going off the graph
EU – 10% by 2020 (1% now)
2010 2020
US – 20% by 2020 (4% now)
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AGROFUELS
People in Mexico take to the streets as ethanol makes their staple food unaffordable Photo by Gregory Bull, AP
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International Food Policy Research Institute
. . . projects that the number of people
suffering from undernourishment would increase by 16 million people for each percentage point increase in the real price of staple food
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Agrofuel 'suitability' map of the global South
Jatropha suitability maps for Africa and DR Congo, from IUCN website
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The human cost of biofuel monocultures: pesticide poisoning in Paraguay
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Landless People’s Camp in Front of Large Industrial Agriculture Estate, Upper Parana
Soya expansion in Paraguay has driven 90,000 families off their land -
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The camp is set on fire
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Agrofuel expansion and human rights: The Indonesian example
In West Kalimantan (Indonesia) alone, 5 million indigenous people are likely to be displaced by agrofuel expansion
(Chair of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues)
Protests against destruction of forests and community lands for palm oil, pulp and timber in Sumatra
Photo by Feri Irawan, WALHI Jambi
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South-east Asia’s peatlands hold up to 50 billion tonnes of carbon
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Logging and palm oil expansion go hand in hand
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Draining Borneo’s peat for plantations
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Borneo ablaze: Annual peat fires pump billions of
tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere
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Climate change mitigation?● South-east Asia's
peatlands contain up to 50 billion tonnes of carbon. This carbon will be released as the peat is drained. 45% has been drained – the rest is likely to be destroyed largely to meet global demand for biodiesel.
Peat drainage for oil palms, Sarawak,Photo www.air-co.org
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Through most of 2007 the price of soya has been rising again, thanks to biofuels.
And the Amazon is being cut down faster than before.
Amazon rainforest destroyed for soya
NASA: Rate of Amazon destruction correlates with market price of Soya
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Massive land-use change in global South
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Legislating for a Biofuels Boom
● EU Renewable Energy Directive, 10% agrofuels in transportation by 2020
● 5% mandatory interim target by 2015
● Review in 2014, but key ecosystems will have already have disappeared by 2012
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New Corporate PartnershipsAgribusiness , e.g. ADM, Cargill and Bunge AND
Biotech companies, e.g. Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer, Dupont AND
Oil companies, e.g. BP, TOTAL, Shell AND
Car manufacturers based in Europe and the US, e.g.Volkswagen, Peugeot, Citroen, Renault, SAAB
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Monbiot: 5-year freeze on Agrofuel targets
FoE Paraguay and Argentinian NGO’s calling for moratorium
Nearly 200 NGO’s calling for a moratorium
UN FAO now calling for a 5-year Moratorium Certification cannot deal with macro-climate impacts or displacement
Moratorium Calls
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4 x
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1x
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Tuesday April 15th – Downing Street,
6.00pm