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Topline resultsApril 17 2020

IMPACT OF COVID-19

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS3 INTRODUCTION

5 SAMPLE PROFILE

9 SECTION 1: ALCOHOL

31 SECTION 2: SMOKING

41 SECTION 3: GAMBLING

55 SECTION 4: HEALTH AND WELLBEING

65 APPENDIX

3

ABOUT THIS REPORT• This report contains topline survey results for Te Hiringa Hauora/Health Promotion Agency ‘Impact of

COVID-19’ Survey

• Results are based on a sample of n=1,190 (unless otherwise stated). This sample contains an over-representation of Māori and Pasifika respondents.

• Results have been adjusted at the analysis stage by weighting, so that the weighted sample is representative of the New Zealand population aged 18 and over by region, gender and age. The Māori and Pasifika sub-groups have also been weighted to be representative of their respective populations by gender and age, and within the total sample.

• Please note that, due to rounding, some percentages may not add up to 100%.

• When reporting on standard drink consumption, these results are derived from respondents’ answers to the consumption diary and have been calibrated into standard drinks.

• For this survey, the PHQ-4 (a four–question screening tool for anxiety and depression) is used as an indicator of mental wellbeing.

4

ABOUT THE SURVEYMethod• The survey was conducted online, with sample primarily sourced from external Nielsen panel

partners, but supplemented by a lead-generation database to boost numbers of Māori and Pasifika respondents.

• Fieldwork was carried out between 7 - 13 April 2020, which corresponded with Alert Level 4 lockdown days 13 – 19.

Margin of Error• n=1,190 New Zealanders aged 18+ responded, giving a maximum margin of error of ±2.8% at the

95% confidence interval.

Limitations• As an online survey, it excludes those without internet access. Online surveys can also under-

represent harder-to-reach groups in the population, such as the very elderly and those in low socio-economic groups.

Ethnicity• Ethnicity is a multi-answer question. Throughout this report where Māori and Pasifika results are

shown, there is potential for slight overlap between these two groups. Where significant differences are reported, results have been compared to respondents who are neither Māori nor Pasifika.

5

SAMPLE PROFILE

6

WEIGHTED SAMPLE: PROFILE

49% 51%

Male Female Gender Diverse

GENDER

64%

14%

2%

1%

1%

1%

5%

5%

13%

New Zealand European

Māori

Samoan

Cook Islands Maori

Tongan

Other Pacific Islands

Chinese

Indian

Other

12%

45%

26%

17%

18-24

25-49

50-64

65 and over

AGE ETHNICITY

REGION

33%

21%

22%

24%

Auckland

Upper North Island (excl AKL)

Lower North Island

South Island

6% Pasifika

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q31. Are you… Q101. In which of the following age groups do you belong? Q103. Which of the following regions do you currently live in? Q104. Which ethnic group, or groups, do you belong to?

7

WEIGHTED SAMPLE: WORK AND HOUSEHOLD

HOUSEHOLD SIZE DURING LOCKDOWN

20%

65%

11%

5%

Living alone

2-4 people

5-6 people

7+ people

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q29. Do you work in an essential service during Covid-19? Q30. Including yourself, how many people are currently living in your household during lockdown?

ESSENTIAL SERVICE WORKER

17%

11%

72%

Yes, and working outside myhome (some or all of the time)

Yes, but only working fromhome

No

28% Yes

8

WEIGHTED SAMPLE: BEHAVIOURS

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q2. When did you last have a drink containing alcohol? Q7. Which of the following best describes how often you usually smoke cigarettes? Q112. Since the Level 4 lockdown, overall would you say you have...

Note: These figures differ from the New Zealand Health Survey and Health and Lifestyle Survey, which are national face-to-face surveys

50%

14%

11%

6%

9%

11% In the last 7 days

In the last 4 weeks butnot the last 7 days

In the last 12 months butnot the last 4 weeks

In the last 12 months but don’t know when

Not in the last year

Never

DRINKING ALCOHOL

64% Drank in the last 4 weeks

GAMBLING

17%

3%3%

77%

At least once a day

At least once a week

Less often than oncea weekI do not smoke

SMOKING FREQUENCY (USUALLY)

23% Smoke sometimes

39%

61%Gamble

I don't gamble

9

SECTION 1: ALCOHOL

10

WHILE SOME PEOPLE ARE DRINKING MORE, A HIGHER PROPORTION OF MĀORI, PASIFIKA AND YOUNG PEOPLE SAY THEY ARE DRINKING LESS THAN USUALOf those respondents who have drunk in the last 4 weeks:

• Approximately half (47%) say they are drinking at the same levels during the lockdown as they usually do, while 34% report drinking less than usual.

• Among Māori respondents, 42% report drinking less than usual. The most common reasons given are difficulty obtaining alcohol and being unable to go out and socialise.

• 57% of Pasifika respondents report drinking less than usual. Many indicate the lock down is an opportunity to reduce how much they drink. Others are drinking less because they are living in an alcohol-free household and/or don’t like to drink around family.

• 51% of 18-24 year olds are drinking less than they usually do, often the result of being unable to go out and socialise.

• One in five report drinking more than usual. Increased drinking is more prevalent among 25-49 year olds. The majority of those who are drinking more say it is to help them relax or switch off.

Of those respondents who have drunk in the last week:

• 19% have had a drink every day, including 33% of those aged 65 years and over

• On average, each has consumed 14 standard drinks over the week, with Māori and Pasifika drinkers consuming a higher average number of standard drinks (17 and 25 respectively)

• 48% of young people aged 18-24 years had drunk on only one day and consumed an average of 9 standard drinks on that one occasion

• Those who reported drinking more than usual consumed an average of 22 standard drinks in a week, while those who reported drinking less than usual consumed an average of 10.

11

ONE THIRD REPORT DRINKING LESS THAN USUAL AND ONE FIFTH REPORT DRINKING MORE THAN USUAL

Of those who reported drinking in the last four weeks:

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks (n=728)Q3. Thinking about how often and how much you have been drinking alcohol since the time we have been in Level 4 lockdown, have you…

34%

47%

19%

Less than usual

Same as usual

More than usual

12

HOW ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNIC GROUP

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeksQ3. Thinking about how often and how much you have been drinking alcohol since the time we have been in Level 4 lockdown, have you…

42%

57%

31%

36%

23%

50%

22%

20%

18%

Māori (n=160)

Pasifika (n=61)

Non-Māori/Pasifika (n=513)

Less than usual Same as usual More than usual


▲▼significantly different to non-Māori/Pasifika

▼

▼

▲

▲

13

HOW ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUP

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeksQ3. Thinking about how often and how much you have been drinking alcohol since the time we have been in Level 4 lockdown, have you…

34%

51%

36%

26%

26%

47%

30%

40%

56%

66%

19%

19%

24%

18%

8%

Total (n=728)

18-24 years (n=97)

25-49 years (n=335)

50-64 years (n=172)

65 and over (n=124)



▲▼significantly different to total

▼

▲ ▼

▼

▲

▲ ▼

▲

14

REASONS GIVEN FOR DRINKING LESS DURING LOCKDOWN Among those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and say they are drinking less

Base: Those who have been drinking less since lockdown (n=258)Q4. Please select all the reasons why you have been drinking less since the Level 4 lockdown.

38%

36%

35%

28%

19%

12%

11%

11%

9%

9%

8%

3%

8%

I haven’t been able to socialise as much or go out/ visit the pub etc

Money/ cost reasons

The lockdown period is a good time to reduce how much I drink

It’s more difficult to get hold of alcohol with restrictions on going out and shops closed

Physical health reasons (e.g. weight, health condition, to be healthier)

Mental health reasons (e.g. anxiety, depression)

I don’t like to drink around family/ children while at home

Family/ relationship reasons

I am living in an alcohol-free household

Someone suggested I should reduce my drinking

Work/ study/ sporting reasons

I’ve been sick

Other

15

ReasonMāori (n=71)

Pasifika (n=33)

Non-Māori/ Pasifika (n=157)

I haven’t been able to socialise as much or go out/ visit the pub etc. 38% 32% 38%It’s more difficult to get hold of alcohol with restrictions on going out and shops closed 36% 20% 27%Money/ cost reasons 33% 28% 37%The lockdown period is a good time to reduce how much I drink 31% 41% 35%Physical health reasons (e.g. weight, health condition, to be healthier) 19% 14% 20%I don’t like to drink around family/ children while at home 19%▲ 29% 8%Family/ relationship reasons 14% 24% 10%Work/ study/ sporting reasons 11% 14% 8%I am living in an alcohol-free household 10% 23% 8%I’ve been sick 10%▲ 3% 1%Mental health reasons (e.g. anxiety, depression) 9% 3% 13%Someone suggested I should reduce my drinking 8% 12% 10%Other 6% 6% 9%

REASONS GIVEN FOR DRINKING LESS DURING LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNICITYAmong those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and say they are drinking less

Base: Those who have been drinking less since lockdownQ4. Please select all the reasons why you have been drinking less since the Level 4 lockdown.


16

REASONS GIVEN FOR DRINKING LESS DURING LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUPAmong those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and say they are drinking less

Base: Those who have been drinking less since lockdown Q4. Please select all the reasons why you have been drinking less since the Level 4 lockdown.

ReasonTotal

(n=258)18-24(n=51)

25-49 (n=125)

50-64 (n=49)

65+(n=33)

I haven’t been able to socialise as much or go out/ visit the pub etc. 38% 51%▲ 33% 38% 36%Money/ cost reasons 36% 41% 38% 39% 19%▼The lockdown period is a good time to reduce how much I drink 35% 38% 38% 25% 34%It’s more difficult to get hold of alcohol with restrictions on going out and shops closed 28% 39% 28% 28% 16%

Physical health reasons (e.g. weight, health condition, to be healthier) 19% 22% 17% 22% 21%Mental health reasons (e.g. anxiety, depression) 12% 8% 15% 12% 4%I don’t like to drink around family/ children while at home 11% 16% 16% 3%▼ 2%Family/ relationship reasons 11% 14% 16% 4% 2%I am living in an alcohol-free household 9% 14% 10% 9% 4%Someone suggested I should reduce my drinking 9% 16% 10% 2%▼ 8%Work/ study/ sporting reasons 8% 15% 10% 5% 0%I’ve been sick 3% 7% 1% 4% 0%Other 8% 3% 4%▼ 12% 24%▲


17

REASONS GIVEN FOR DRINKING MORE DURING LOCKDOWNAmong those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and say they are drinking more

Base: Those who have been drinking more since lockdown (n=137)Q5. Please select all the reasons why you have been drinking more since the Level 4 lockdown.

64%

39%

38%

31%

29%

19%

10%

6%

It helps me relax/ switch off

I have been bored

I have been feeling stressed out/ anxious

I have been spending more time drinking socially with people in myhousehold

I don’t need to get up for work/ study

More online social occasions (e.g. catching up online over a drink)

People in my household have been encouraging me to drink more

Other

18

REASONS GIVEN FOR DRINKING MORE DURING LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNICITYAmong those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and say they are drinking more

* Base size too small to report resultsBase: Those who have been drinking more since lockdownQ5. Please select all the reasons why you have been drinking more since the Level 4 lockdown.

ReasonMāori

(n=33*)Pasifika (n=13*)


It helps me relax/ switch off 50% 67%I have been feeling stressed out/ anxious 40% 38%I have been bored 53% 36%I have been spending more time drinking socially with people in my household 29% 32%

I don’t need to get up for work/ study 25% 30%More online social occasions (e.g. catching up online over a drink) 40% 14%People in my household have been encouraging me to drink more 18% 8%Other 5% 6%

19

REASONS GIVEN FOR DRINKING MORE DURING LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUPAmong those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and say they are drinking more

ReasonTotal

(n=137)18-24

(n=17*)25-49 (n=80)

50-64 (n=31)

65+(n=9*)

It helps me relax/ switch off 64% 73%▲ 44%I have been bored 39% 39% 30%I have been feeling stressed out/ anxious 38% 40% 38%I have been spending more time drinking socially with people in my household 31% 34% 30%I don’t need to get up for work/ study 29% 29% 23%More online social occasions (e.g. catching up online over a drink) 19% 23% 5%People in my household have been encouraging me to drink more 10% 10% 8%Other 6% 3% 16%

* Base size too small to report resultsBase: Those who have been drinking more since lockdownQ5. Please select all the reasons why you have been drinking more since the Level 4 lockdown.

20

SINCE LOCKDOWN, 16% OF THOSE WHO HAVE DRUNK IN PAST 4 WEEKS HAVE STARTED WORRYING ABOUT THEIR DRINKING

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household drinks)Q6. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

13% of all respondents with drinkers in the household have started worrying about someone else’s drinking

16%

84%

Yes

No

YOUR OWN DRINKING (n=728)

13%

87%

Yes

No

SOMEONE ELSE’S DRINKING IN YOUR HOUSEHOLD (n=959)

21

CONCERN ABOUT DRINKING DURING LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNICITY

% WORRIED ABOUT OWN DRINKING

% WORRIED ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S DRINKING IN THEIR

HOUSEHOLD

18%

26%

15%

21%

27%

11%

Māori(n=160)

Pasifika(n=61)

Non-Māori/Pasifika(n=513)

Māori(n=231)

Pasifika(n=108)



▲

▲▲


22

CONCERN ABOUT DRINKING DURING LOCKDOWN, BY AGE

% WORRIED ABOUT OWN DRINKING

% WORRIED ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S DRINKING IN THEIR

HOUSEHOLD

16%

25%22%

8%5%

13%17% 18%

9%

3%

Total(n=728)

18-24years(n=97)

25-49years

(n=335)

50-64years

(n=172)

65+ years(n=124)

Total(n=959)

18-24years

(n=142)

25-49years

(n=466)

50-64years

(n=218)

65+ years(n=133)

▲▼ significantly different to total

▲

▲

▲


▲

▲

▲▲

23

FREQUENCY OF DRINKING IN THE LAST 7 DAYS

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 7 daysQ16. On which days did you have an alcoholic drink? Please note, the Alcohol Use in New Zealand (AUiNZ) study fieldwork was conducted 2 August – 22 September 2019 (Q1) and 1 November 2019 – 6 January 2020 (Q2). The data is weighted to be representative of the New Zealand population aged 18+

Among those who have had a drink in the last 7 days

29%

21%16%

11%6% 4%

11%

28%

12%17%

12%7%

4%

19%

1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7 Days

AUiNZ Study Q1+Q2 (n=1,646) Impact of COVID-19 Study (n=536)

24

NUMBER OF DAYS PEOPLE CONSUMED ALCOHOL IN THE LAST WEEK, BY ETHNICITY

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 7 daysQ16. On which days did you have an alcoholic drink?

Number of daysMāori

(n=116)Pasifika (n=30)


1 Day 34% 45% 27%

2 Days 15% 15% 12%

3 Days 21% 9% 16%

4 Days 7% 8% 13%

5 Days 7% 6% 7%

6 Days 8% 8% 4%

7 Days 9%▼ 10% 21%


25

NUMBER OF DAYS PEOPLE CONSUMED ALCOHOL IN THE LAST WEEK, BY AGE GROUP

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 7 days Q16. On which days did you have an alcoholic drink?

Number of daysTotal

(n=536)18-24(n=55)

25-49 (n=242)

50-64 (n=135)

65+(n=104)

1 Day 28% 48%▲ 29% 26% 21%

2 Days 12% 15% 12% 17%▲ 5%▼

3 Days 17% 12% 23%▲ 8%▼ 16%

4 Days 12% 7% 12% 13% 14%

5 Days 7% 7% 6% 9% 8%

6 Days 4% 8% 5% 4% 3%

7 Days 19% 4%▼ 14%▼ 23% 33%▲


26

WEEKLY CONSUMPTION OF STANDARD DRINKS

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 7 daysTotal number of standard drinks in the last weekPlease note, the Alcohol Use in New Zealand (AUiNZ) study fieldwork was conducted 2 August – 22 September 2019 (Q1) and 1 November 2019 – 6 January 2020 (Q2). The data is weighted to be representative of the New Zealand population aged 18+

1%

11%

8%

7%6%

3%

5% 5%

3%

5% 5%

1%

4%

1%2%

1%2%

1%2% 2% 2%

3%

0%1%

2%

1% 1%0%

1%

0%

12%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30+

Median = 9, Mean = 14.09This compares with a median of 8 and mean of 12.5 from the AUiNZ Q1+Q2 study

27

WEEKLY CONSUMPTION OF STANDARD DRINKS BY ETHNICITY AND AGE

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 7 daysTotal number of standard drinks in the last week

AverageMāori


Non-Māori /Pasifika(n=395)

Mean 17.22▲ 25.45 13.34Median 11 15 8

AverageTotal

(n=536)18-24(n=55)

25-49 (n=242)

50-64 (n=135)

65+(n=104)

Mean 14.09 14.48 14.62 12.97 14.21Median 9 7 9 8 10

AverageTotal

(n=536)Drinking more

(n=130)Drinking less

(n=132)Mean 14.09 22.01▲ 9.98▼Median 9 15 5



28

7% HAVE PURCHASED ALCOHOL ONLINE FOR THE FIRST TIME DURING LOCKDOWNAmong those who have drunk alcohol in past 12 months

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 12 months (n=938)Q20. Which, if any, of the following apply to how you have been buying alcohol in the lead up to and during Level 4 lockdown?

18%

7%

7%

35%

12%

37%

I bought enough supplies before lockdown began and haven't neededto buy any since

I (or someone for me) have started buying alcohol online for the firsttime (we had never bought alcohol online before lockdown)

I (or someone for me) have continued to buy alcohol online (we hadbought alcohol online before)

I (or someone for me) have bought alcohol from a supermarket ordairy

I (or someone for me) have bought alcohol from a liquor store

I have not bought any alcohol over this time

14%have bought alcohol online

29

36% REPORT DRINKING WITH PEOPLE ONLINE SINCE LOCKDOWN Among those who have drunk in last four weeks

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks (n=728)Q22. Since Level 4 lockdown, how often, if at all, have you drank alcohol with other people online (e.g. virtual Friday work drinks, family or friends video calls)?

Drinking online since lockdown is more common among those who identify as Māori (44%) and respondents aged 25-49 (44%).

5%

6%

13%

12%

64%

Every day or most days

Three or four days a week

One or two days a week

Less often than once a week

Never

36%have drank alcohol with other people online

When asked what platforms, people said…

ZoomMessengerHousepartyWhatsApp

SkypeFaceTime

30

ONE-IN-FIVE HAVE EXPERIENCED HARM DUE TO SOMEONE ELSE’S DRINKING WHILE IN LOCKDOWN

Base: Those who have had a drink in the last 4 weeks (n=728)Q24. Please mark all of the following that you have experienced since Level 4 lockdown, because of your drinking while in lockdown?

15%

6%

6%

5%

3%

2%

2%

2%

2%

1%

1%

74%

Felt worried or stressed about money

A mental health problem developed or gotworse (e.g. depression, anxiety)

Got into an argument

Did not do what is normally expected of you athome

A physical health problem developed or gotworse (e.g. liver problem)

Damaged a friendship/ relationship (includingthe reputation of your whānau or hapū)

Experienced a blackout or a memory loss

Driven after drinking (even if you may havebeen under the legal limit)

Been injured

Been in a physical fight

Other

None of the above

HARM FROM OWN DRINKING

8%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

2%

2%

1%

81%

Felt worried or stressed about money

Felt worried or stressed about another person’s drinking

Been in an argument

Someone at home did not do what isexpected of them

Felt unsafe/ at risk of being harmed

Damaged a friendship/ relationship

Been in a physical fight

Been injured

Other

None of the above

HARM FROM SOMEONE ELSE’S DRINKING

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q25. Please mark all of the following that you have experienced since Level 4 lockdown, because of another person’s drinking while in lockdown?

31

SECTION 2: SMOKING

32

A QUARTER OF SMOKERS REPORT SMOKING MORE THAN USUAL, WHILE A THIRD OF SMOKERS REPORT SMOKING LESS

• Daily smokers are more likely than occasional smokers to have increased the amount they are smoking during lockdown (28% compared to 14% of occasional smokers).

• Smokers who are smoking more during lockdown say it is due to how they are feeling (bored, stressed out or wanting to switch off) rather than because of their living or social situations.

• Smokers who are smoking less are mainly influenced by cost, but many are also influenced by their social or living situation (haven’t been able to go out, don’t smoke around family, live in a smoke-free household).

• 27% of those who are smoking less are concerned that smoking will increase their risk of COVID-19.

33

A QUARTER HAVE BEEN SMOKING MORE THAN USUAL DURING LOCKDOWN

Base: Those who usually smoke (n=311)Q8. Thinking about your cigarette smoking since New Zealand went to Level 4 lockdown, have you...

This is higher among those who typically smoke daily (28% smoking more than usual)

31%

28%

41%

44%

44%

45%

24%

28%

15%

Smokers (n=311)

Daily smokers (n=230)

Not daily smoker (n=81)


▲▼significantly different to total smokers

▲

▼

34

HOW SMOKING HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNIC GROUP

Base: Those who usually smokeQ8. Thinking about your cigarette smoking since New Zealand went to Level 4 lockdown, have you...

31%

38%

31%

44%

39%

45%

25%

22%

25%

Māori (n=115)

Pasifika (n=53)



35

* Base size too small to report resultsBase: Those who usually smokeQ8. Thinking about your cigarette smoking since New Zealand went to Level 4 lockdown, have you...

31%

33%

32%

29%

44%

38%

41%

50%

24%

29%

27%

20%

Total (n=311)

18-24 years (n=53)

25-49 years (n=190)

50-64 years (n=55)

65 and over (n=13*)


HOW SMOKING HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUP

36

COST IS THE MOST PREVALENT EXPLANATION FOR REDUCED SMOKING DURING LOCKDOWN

Base: Those who have been smoking less since lockdown (n=98)Q9. Please select all the reasons why you have been smoking cigarettes less since the Level 4 lockdown.

46%

32%

32%

27%

24%

22%

22%

21%

17%

17%

9%

9%

6%

4%

Money/ cost reasons

It’s more difficult to get hold of cigarettes/ tobacco with restrictions on going out and shops closed

I haven’t been able to socialise as much or go out/ visit the pub etc

I was worried about smoking increasing my risk of Covid-19

Physical health reasons/ to be healthier

I am living in a smokefree household

I don’t like to smoke around family/ children while at home

I thought I was smoking too much


Someone suggested I should reduce my smoking



I’ve been sick

Other

Smoker: Daily (n=63)

Smoker: Not daily (n=35)

52% 34%

31% 32%

22%▼ 51%

26% 30%

25% 20%

24% 18%

18% 30%

22% 20%

18% 17%

16% 19%

12% 5%

8% 12%

9% 0%

2% 6%

37

INCREASED SMOKING IS ATTRIBUTED TO BOREDOM, BEING ANXIOUS OR STRESSED, OR NEEDING HELP TO RELAX

Base: Those who have been smoking more since lockdown (n=78)Q10. Please select all the reasons why you have been smoking cigarettes more since the Level 4 lockdown.

56%

54%

51%

16%

9%

5%

I have been bored



Smoking socially more often with the other people at home with me

More online social occasions (e.g. catching up online over a smoke)

Other

38Base: Those who smoke and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household smokes)Q11. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

45%

55%

Yes

No

YOUR OWN CIGARETTE SMOKING (n=311)

19%

81%

Yes

No

SOMEONE ELSE’S CIGARETTE SMOKING IN YOUR HOUSEHOLD (n=657)

SINCE LOCKDOWN, 45% OF SMOKERS HAVE STARTED WORRYING ABOUT THEIR SMOKING 19% of respondents with smokers in the household have started worrying about someone else’s smoking

39

CONCERN ABOUT SMOKING DURING LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNICITY

37%

54%47%

21%

37%

17%

Māori(n=115)

Pasifika(n=53)


Māori(n=181)

Pasifika(n=94)



▲

Base: Those who smoke and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household smokes)Q11. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

% WORRIED ABOUT OWN CIGARETTE SMOKING

% WORRIED ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S CIGARETTE SMOKING IN

THEIR HOUSEHOLD

40

CONCERN ABOUT DRINKING DURING LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUP

45%49%

52%

29%

19% 21% 22%

13% 12%

Total(n=311)

18-24years(n=53)

25-49years

(n=190)

50-64years(n=55)

65+ years(n=13*)

Total(n=657)

18-24years

(n=115)

25-49years

(n=334)

50-64years

(n=147)

65+ years(n=61)


▲

* Base size too small to report resultsBase: Those who smoke and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household smokes)Q11. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

▲

▲

% WORRIED ABOUT OWN CIGARETTE SMOKING

% WORRIED ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S CIGARETTE SMOKING IN

THEIR HOUSEHOLD

41

SECTION 3: GAMBLING

42

RESPONDENTS WHO GAMBLE REPORT GAMBLING LESS DURING LOCKDOWNNearly four in ten respondents (39%) report that they have gambled since lockdown.• Most respondents who gamble report gambling less, or the same amount as they usually would,

during lockdown. • 9% report increasing their gambling since lockdown. A higher proportion of Māori gamblers (15%)

and young gamblers aged 18-24 years (22%) report increased gambling during lockdown. • 8% of gamblers have gambled online for the first time since lockdown and an additional 12% are

gambling online more than usual since lockdown.• The most common reason for increased levels of online gambling during lockdown is because

people are not able to go to their usual places to gamble.• Gamblers who report gambling less online say this is due to financial reasons.Caution: the results presented here should not be compared to other Te Hiringa Hauora gambling reports, as being a gambler is self defined and the definition is not as comprehensive as in other Te Hiringa Hauora surveys. The following question is used to self define as a gambler: Thinking about gambling (this includes placing a bet on horse or dog racing or sports, and paying to play games to win money or prizes such as casino or lotto). It also includes gambling you can do at a place (e.g. pub, casino, racecourse) and online. Since the Level 4 lockdown, overall would you say you have…

43

HALF OF GAMBLERS ARE GAMBLING LESS DURING LOCKDOWN

Base: Those who gamble (n=461)Q112. Since the Level 4 lockdown, overall would you say you have...

50%41%

9%

Less than usual

Same as usual

More than usual

44Base: Those who gambleQ112. Since the Level 4 lockdown, overall would you say you have...

47%

54%

50%

38%

38%

42%

15%

8%

8%

Māori (n=114)

Pasifika (n=57)



HOW GAMBLING HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNIC GROUP


▲

45Base: Those who gambleQ112. Since the Level 4 lockdown, overall would you say you have...

50%

48%

49%

47%

56%

41%

30%

39%

46%

44%

9%

22%

12%

8%

Total (n=461)

18-24 years (n=48)

25-49 years (n=213)

50-64 years (n=113)

65 and over (n=87)


HOW GAMBLING HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUP


▲

46

ONLINE GAMBLING SINCE LOCKDOWN

Base: Those who gamble (n=461)Q113. Thinking now just about gambling that you do online. Which of the following best describes how much you have been gambling online since we went to Level 4 lockdown, have you...

24%

33%12%

8%

23%

Less than usual

Same as usual

More than usual

For the first time

I don't gamble online20% Gambling online

more/ started

47

Base: Those who gambleQ113. Thinking now just about gambling that you do online. Which of the following best describes how much you have been gambling online since we went to Level 4 lockdown, have you...

27%

24%

23%

26%

37%

34%

18%

17%

11%

12%

7%

7%

17%

14%

25%

Māori (n=114)

Pasifika (n=57)


Less than usual Same as usual More than usual For the first time I don't gamble online

HOW ONLINE GAMBLING HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNIC GROUP

48

Base: Those who gambleQ113. Thinking now just about gambling that you do online. Which of the following best describes how much you have been gambling online since we went to Level 4 lockdown, have you...

24%

31%

28%

21%

13%

33%

34%

34%

34%

29%

12%

8%

18%

7%

9%

8%

14%

5%

6%

12%

23%

13%

15%

31%

37%

Total (n=461)

18-24 years (n=48)

25-49 years (n=213)

50-64 years (n=113)

65 and over (n=87)

Less than usual Same as usual More than usual For the first time I don't gamble online

HOW ONLINE GAMBLING HAS CHANGED SINCE LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUP


▲

▲

▲▲

▲

49

HALF THOSE WHO REPORT GAMBLING ONLINE LESS DURING LOCKDOWN SAY THIS IS DUE TO COST/MONEY

Base: Those who have been gambling online less since lockdown (n=107)Q115. Please select all the reasons why you have been gambling less online since the Level 4 lockdown.

50%

15%

13%

11%

6%

5%

5%

4%

28%

Money/ cost reasons

I don’t like to gamble online around family/ children

I thought I was gambling too much

Someone suggested I should reduce my gambling



I’ve been sick


Other

50

INCREASED (OR STARTING) GAMBLING ONLINE IS OFTEN A SUBSTITUTION FOR GAMBLING IN PERSON

Base: Those who have been gambling online more since lockdown (n=103)Q116. Please select all the reasons why you have been gambling more online/ started gambling online since the Level 4 lockdown.

51%

34%

28%

25%

16%

15%

3%

I can’t go to my usual places to gamble or to buy tickets so I have switched to gambling online for now

I have been bored

I need to win some money (e.g. under financial pressure)


More online social occasions (e.g. catching up online)


Other

Others have increased their online gambling to relieve boredom, to help relaxation or because they are under financial pressure

51

USE OF ONLINE GAMBLING SITES SINCE LOCKDOWN

Base: Those who gamble online (n=359)Q114. In which of the following ways have you been gambling online since Level 4 lockdown?

65%

19%

16%

14%

8%

4%

10%

MyLotto

Through the New Zealand TAB

Instant Kiwi

Overseas gambling and gaming websites

Sky City Online Casino

Other

None, I have not been gambling online since the lockdown

52Base: Those who gamble and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household gambles)Q117. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

17%

83%

Yes

No

YOUR OWN GAMBLING (n=461)

9%

91%

Yes

No

SOMEONE ELSE’S GAMBLING IN YOUR HOUSEHOLD (n=693)

SINCE LOCKDOWN, 17% OF GAMBLERS HAVE STARTED WORRYING ABOUT THEIR GAMBLING9% of respondents with gamblers in the household have started worrying about someone else’s gambling

53

CONCERN ABOUT GAMBLING DURING LOCKDOWN, BY ETHNICITY

16%

36%

16% 14% 16%

7%

Māori(n=114)

Pasifika(n=57)


Māori(n=178)

Pasifika(n=84)



▲

Base: Those who gamble and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household gambles)Q117. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

% WORRIED ABOUT OWN GAMBLING

% WORRIED ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S GAMBLING IN THEIR

HOUSEHOLD

▲

▲

54

CONCERN ABOUT GAMBLING DURING LOCKDOWN, BY AGE GROUP

17%

26% 28%

6% 4%9% 11% 12%

3% 5%

Total(n=461)

18-24years(n=48)

25-49years

(n=213)

50-64years

(n=113)

65+ years(n=87)

Total(n=693)

18-24years(n=95)

25-49years

(n=337)

50-64years

(n=159)

65+ years(n=102)


▲

Base: Those who gamble and All respondents (Excluding Not applicable - no one in my household gambles)Q117. Since level 4 lockdown, have you started to worry at all about…

▲

▲

% WORRIED ABOUT OWN GAMBLING

% WORRIED ABOUT SOMEONE ELSE’S GAMBLING IN THEIR

HOUSEHOLD▲ ▲

55

SECTION 4: MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING

56

LOCKDOWN HAS HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING, BUT THERE HAVE BEEN SOME POSITIVE OUTCOMES• Using the PHQ-4 tool, 17% of respondents could be classified as experiencing moderate to

severe psychological distress since lockdown, with a further 24% experiencing mild distress• Distress is higher among the 18-24 year age group (60%) and the 25-49 year age group (54%)

and lowest among those aged 65 years or more (13%) • 48% of respondents report a loss or reduction in income for themselves and/or a member of their

household as a result of COVID-19, with most impact among those aged 25-49 years (62% live in households negatively impacted financially)

• 88% recognised at least one positive outcome from lockdown, including more time for family, friends and activities, a heightened sense of community and renewed appreciation of life.

57

49% HAVE FELT NERVOUS, ANXIOUS OR ON EDGE SINCE LOCKDOWN

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q26. Since Level 4 lockdown, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

51%

61%

55%

59%

33%

23%

25%

25%

8%

8%

11%

8%

9%

7%

8%

8%

Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge

Not being able to stop or control worrying

Little interest or pleasure in doing things

Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

Not at all Several days More than half the days Nearly every day

58

THE PREVIOUS FOUR STATEMENTS CAN BE COMBINED TO MEASURE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, WITH RATINGS RANGING FROM NONE TO SEVERE

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q26. Since Level 4 lockdown, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

37%

12%10% 9%

11%

4% 4%2% 3% 2% 2% 1%

3%

Mean2.71

None – 59% Mild – 24% Moderate – 9% Severe – 8%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

59Base: All respondentsQ26. Since Level 4 lockdown, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

56%

64%

59%

25%

22%

25%

11%

10%

8%

8%

5%

8%

Māori (n=272)

Pasifika (n=155)


None Mild Moderate Severe

RATINGS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, BY ETHNIC GROUP

60Base: All respondentsQ26. Since Level 4 lockdown, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

59%

40%

46%

71%

87%

24%

38%

32%

17%

7%

9%

12%

12%

5%

3%

8%

10%

10%

6%

4%

Total (n=1190)

18-24 years (n=170)

25-49 years (n=548)

50-64 years (n=288)

65 and over (n=184)

None Mild Moderate Severe

RATINGS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, BY AGE GROUP


▲

▲

▲

▲▲

▲

▲

▲ ▲ ▲▲

▲

▲

61

NINE IN TEN RESPONDENTS RECOGNISE SOME POSITIVE OUTCOMES FROM LOCKDOWN

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q27. Please indicate which, if any of these, you are experiencing since New Zealand went to Level 4 lockdown?

47%

43%

39%

38%

38%

33%

30%

18%

6%

6%

12%

More time for other activities (e.g. hobbies, exercise)

Spending more time together with family/ friends

Pride in ability to cope under difficult circumstances

Renewed appreciation of life

Sense of stronger personal commitment to New Zealand

Heightened sense of community (e.g. stronger connections with familyand neighbours)

Family's increased resilience

Income-related benefits (e.g. higher income, lower expenses)

Business and employment opportunities

Other

None of the above

62

NEARLY HALF (48%) HAVE EXPERIENCED A LOSS OR REDUCTION IN INCOME

Base: All respondents (n=1190)Q28. Have any of the following happened to you/ your household as a result of Covid-19?

16%

38%

6%

47%

You/ other household member lost main source of income (e.g. bybeing made redundant or having your business close)

You/ other household member had income reduced (e.g. salary cut,hours reduced)

You/ other household member had income increased (e.g. workinglonger hours)

None of the above

48%have experienced a loss and/or reduction in income

63

IMPACT ON INCOME, BY ETHNICITY

Base: All respondents Q28. Have any of the following happened to you/ your household as a result of Covid-19?

ImpactMāori



You/ other household member lost main source of income (e.g. by being made redundant or having your business close) 17% 19% 15%

You/ other household member had income reduced (e.g. salary cut, hours reduced) 40% 30% 38%

You/ other household member had income increased (e.g. working longer hours) 12%▲ 11%▲ 5%

None of the above 42% 47% 49%


64

IMPACT ON INCOME, BY AGE GROUP

ImpactTotal

(n=1190)18-24

(n=170)25-49

(n=548)50-64

(n=288)65+

(n=184)You/ other household member lost main source of income (e.g. by being made redundant or having your business close) 16% 15% 19%▲ 16% 9%▼

You/ other household member had income reduced (e.g. salary cut, hours reduced) 38% 44% 43%▲ 39% 20%▼

You/ other household member had income increased (e.g. working longer hours) 6% 15%▲ 6% 5% 3%

None of the above 47% 35%▼ 42%▼ 48% 71%▲

Base: All respondents Q28. Have any of the following happened to you/ your household as a result of Covid-19?


65

APPENDIX

66

A SELECTION OF COMMENTS

“I'm not a big drinker anyway but enjoy a red wine usually a couple of nights a week. At the start of lockdown I was feeling more stressed due to unknowns regarding income and Kiwisaver losses, but now I'm feeling great as I know

where things are at. Although its tight financially I can manage. If I'm careful. So now I'm getting lots of things

done at home which is great!”

“I feel anxious because of the grocery stores having huge lines and only one person going in. I don’t like using my

nursing pass to pass these lines because of the way people are treating us when we use them but spending my few days off work standing in line and having to calculate spending and doing shopping alone (due to partner being

now unemployed) drives anxiety.”

“I think during Covid-19 don’t need to open alcohol shop. It increasing lots of family and environment problems.”

“We make our own beer and alcohol so at present we have had no need to buy supplies.”

“As result of lockdown have found people when out walking friendlier, smile and a

greeting always whilst respecting distance. Better still the increase in numbers and great

to see families out there - together.”

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