immunohematology study of human blood groups. karl landsteiner 1901 began studies of blood antigens,...
DESCRIPTION
Antigen- (agglutinogens) proteins found on the surface of cells, in this case red blood cellsTRANSCRIPT
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ImmunohematologyStudy of human blood groups
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Karl Landsteiner
• 1901 Began studies of blood antigens, blood transfusions, genetic inheritance of blood, use of blood types in a court of law
• Identified and named the blood group A, B, AB, O in 1909
• Received the Nobel Prize in 1930
Student Question: Do animals have blood types?Yes- Dogs have 4 types, cats have 11 and cows have 800.
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Antigen- (agglutinogens) proteins found on the surface of cells, in this case red blood cells
![Page 4: Immunohematology Study of human blood groups. Karl Landsteiner 1901 Began studies of blood antigens, blood transfusions, genetic inheritance of blood,](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062223/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a068b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Antibodies -(immunoglobulins)- serum (plasma) proteins
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Antibodies
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Antibodies
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Antibodies
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Where do antibodies come from?
• We are not born with them.
• Blood antibodies probably come from the foods we eat such as meat and dairy products.
• Other antibodies found in your body develop against diseases.
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B. Principle of Agglutination- What's happening in the picture?
Agglutination (clumping) occurs when antibodies not normally present in the blood are added.
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This is what it looks like under the microscope.
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Using the principal of agglutination to determine blood type
Take a known antiserum and add it to blood.
Example: Anti-A antiserum will cause agglutination in A blood.
Clumping
What is this person’s blood type?A
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Rh Factor
• There are other antigens present in blood- Rh antigens
• (Tested in the same way you test A and B antigens)
• If your blood clots in the presence of Rh antibodies you are Rh +
• If your blood does not clot in the presence of Rh antibodies you are Rh -
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Frequency of blood types in the US
Which is the most common?
Which is the least common?