immunityimmunity ch 37 vaccination vaccination –pathogen- disease causing organism w/ antigens....
TRANSCRIPT
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Immunity Ch 37vaccination
– Pathogen- disease causing organism w/ antigens. Ex: virus, bacteria, protozoan, fungi (any foreign protein).
– 1st line of defense: (Non-specific)
• skin, mucus, tears, cilia, ear wax.– 2nd line of defense– Temperature, WBC types, Inflammation– Phagocytes, dead cells, pathogens = PUS
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Our Immune System
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Tears dehydrate bacteria
– Salty Tears are Hypertonic to the Bacteria and cause water to flow out of them.
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Mucus protects
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Sweat protects
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Ear wax
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Nonspecific Immune response
• Macrophages engulf foreign invaders
• Mast cells release histamines--Inflammation
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3rd Line of Defensespecific
– Lymphocytes = Macrophages & phagocytes engulf foreign proteins (pathogens)
– Antigens vs Antibodies interactions– (foreign protein :’Y’ shaped protein produced
by “B” cells.)– Immune Response: ‘T’ cells command and
attack protein invaders.
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Specific response involves the ‘T’ and ‘Plasma B’ cells with
their antibodies
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The complement System alerts Macrophages
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Macrophages
• The “Big Eaters” patrol the body devouring old dead cells and pathogens.
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Antigen presentation
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T cell/ B cell interactions
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T-cells- cell mediated response
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How T-cells work
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Suppressor T Cells function
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B Cell Clonal Selection
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Antibody types
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Immune response
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Lymph Nodes in the Head & Neck Regions
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Lymph Nodes Around the Body Store many WBC’s
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Tonsils
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• The Thymus Gland is where some ‘B’ cells develop into mature ‘T’ cells and “learn” to recognize foreign antigens. (This is where they go to school)
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Inflammation
• Viral infection
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vaccination• Measles-according to Dr. OZ-2/12/2015• The measles virus can stay air born between
60-90 minutes 100-200nm• 10-9
• It is one of the most infectious viruses.• It is the worst for young children and older
adults and people with compromised immune systems.
• 1person will infect 18 people• 1 measles vaccination-93% effective (they give
you two)
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Immune responses 1st & 2nd
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Retroviruses
• Viruses that contain RNA which is both replicated and transcribed. Uses reverse transcriptase that makes cDNA from RNA , contains no introns.
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• Vaccine : A dead or weakened form of a pathogen (antigen) injected into the body that stimulates a primary immune response.
• Retrovirus (RNA virus) mutates quickly-(ex: Influenza, common cold-Rhinovirus)
• Fever is your friend-caused by the release of interleukin I-inhibits pathogens; stimulates Macrophages (Pyrokins-fever inducers)
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Immune Overreaction
• Mast cells (another type of WBC) release Histamines which cause swelling and more mucus production. More antibodies that are needed bind to mast cells and cause and allergic reaction.
• How do Antihistamines work?
• Arthritis
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Tissue healing
• Mag therapy
• Mag bum-leg
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Auto immune diseases• Your body creates antibodies against “self”
proteins. Ex: Multiple Sclerosis –antibodies destroy myelin on nerves.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Allergies
• Anaphylactic shock
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Blood types & factors
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Blood types
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RH Factor
• What is the Rh Factor?• Red blood cells carry
proteins on their surfaces. The Rhesus factor, or Rh, is a protein carried by some individuals. If a person's red blood cells carry Rh, they are considered to be "Rh Positive." If not, they are "Rh Negative."
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• A person with A+ blood contains _____ antibodies and _____ Rh antigens.
• A person with O- blood contains _____ antibodies and _____ Rh antigens.
• Why is _____ blood the universal donor?
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Erythroblastosis fetalis (RH disease)
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Attack invaders
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Antibodies
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Tapeworm
• heartworm
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DNA Virus shapes
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RNA Virus
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Human infectious fungi
Sporotrichosis
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Oral Thrush (Fungal infection)
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Prions
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Bacteria
• Prokaryotic-no nucleus• Use external enzymes then absorb
materials• Can form an endospore –’indestructible
stage’• Benefit: good decomposers, nitrogen
fixers, used in foods (yogurt flavor cheeses…)
• Harmful- can cause rotting and disease
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Bacterial structuresPlasmid
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Bacteria can do this to a mouth.
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Bacteria
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Shapes of Bacteria
• Cocci = round
• Bacilli = rod shaped
• Spirillia = spiral shaped
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Strep throat
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More strep throat
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Viruses - non-living -not a cellMost enter the body through the nose
or the mouth
strands of DNA or RNA encased in protein coats• Possess only one form of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
depending on the virus type• Cannot grow or replicate without a host• Replicate only utilizing host cell`s machinery• Specific to host cell for site of attachment
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Chicken Pox Virus
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HPV Virus
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Tree man Viral Warts
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Defense against Bacteria/Viruses
• T-cells (WBC’s)• Phagocytes • Antibodies• Temperature-slows bacterial growth rate
• Bacteria only- Antibiotics-stops the growth of cell walls so that they can’t multiply, however they “develop” resistance to the antibiotic over time.
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• A) Viruses B) Bacteria C) Both D) Neither• 1-Which can be pathogens?• 2-Which contain either DNA or RNA ?• 3-Which take over the host while reproducing?• 4-Which can not be viewed w/ a light microscope?• 5-Which have a cell wall & a cell membrane?• 6-Which can carry on metabolism?• 7-Can cause disease?• 8-Are unicellular w/ a nucleus?• 9-Some species are parasitic; others species are not?
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Cancer + other Tumors Uncontrolled growth of your own
cellsBenign-
Spreads very little
Forms a tissue mass
Usually not fatal
• Malignant-• Spreads rapidly• Causes tissue
damage• Usually fatal
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Activity Passive immunity packet pg 27
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Elephantiasis
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Use the chart below (Note oxacillin is an antibiotic.) Dashes indicate that no data was available or that the data was incomplete. The “No. isolates” column indicates the total number bacteria colonies counted that year.
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Hookworm
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Ch 37 & 18 Immunity /pathogen test