Immunity & Disease

Ch 38

Immunity = protection against an

invading foreign substance

Disease/ HealthDisease:=“dis-ease”

ImbalanceChronic = long termAcute = short termCaused by pathogens environment, genetics,

poor nutrition

Health:HomeostasisProper exerciseNutritionStress reliefStrong Immune System =Natural Defense

Pathogen/ HostPathogen:

“pathos”=sufferingDisease causing agentBacteriaVirusProtist parasiteFungus, Mold

Host = “hostess”of the Pathogen party!

Innate versus Acquired Immunity

Innate=Early defenses:WBC= Phagocytes & MacrophagesSkin,Tears, Saliva,Mucus, SweatHistamines= swelling

Acquired=Build up Resistance:Immune responseLymph systemAntibody /Cellular immunity= type of cells involved Passive/Active= type of exposure

The Skin:Innate Immunity

Acquired ImmunityImmune SystemSpecificActive=Natural exposure elicits immune response or vaccinationPassive= from mother or injection of antibodies

Cells of the Immune Response

Type of cell Innate/Acquired Function

BasophilEosinophilNeutrophil

Innate=early defensesWBC in the blood

Attack antigensAs phagocytes= (surround & destroy)

Macrophage InnateWBC in tissues

Attack antigensAs phagocytes

T-cells HelperKillerMemory

AcquiredCellular immunityAntibody immunity

CommunicateDestroyRemember

B-MemoryPlasma

AcquiredAntibody immunity

RememberMake antibodies

Antibodies Antibody immunity

Bind to antigens

Macrophage (WBC) engulfs a bacterium in the immune

system:

Lymph system: fluids & Macrophage WBC with lymph nodes

Antibody/AntigenAntigen:

Invading foreign substancePathogen orToxic chemicalElicits the immune response

Antibody:

“anti”=against

Body’s reaction to an antigen invasion

Blood protein

Made in the immune response by plasma B cells

Green antibody battles a red antigen!

Antigen-antibody complex:

Unique chemical fitOnce infected the anti body “memory” is stored=Immunity or protection when invaded again

Hybrid cell producing antibodies:

Virulence/ ToxinVirulence:

“strength” of a pathogen to over come the immune defensesAmount & entryLength of exposureIndividual’s health

Toxin:“toxic”Harmful substanceLiving or deadCause disease

STD Eubacterium Virus

Syphilis X X

Chlamydeous X X

Gonorrhea X x

Herpes X X

HIV X x

Aids (death) no By common diseasesWhen the immune system fails

Cold x

Flu x

Strep throat x

AIDS = break down of the immune system & death due to common diseases versus death by AIDS virus

Strep bacteria of Rheumatic Fever

Germ TheoryMicroorganisms can cause diseaseMicroorganism= tiny unseen organismLouis Pasteur in mid 1800’s

Infection:A growth of a disease causing organism:In the host

Depends upon the : Person’s health Amount of infectionEnvironmental conditions

Disinfectant:Chemicals that kill disease causing microorganismsUse to sterilize wounds & toolsDiscovered by Lister“Listerine” mouthwash

Medicinal Leeches & Blood letting:

Skull boring to drive out evil spirits of an ill person!

Penicillin mold anti-bactericide:

Koch’s Postulates:

Rules demonstrating

microorganismscause disease:

Isolate germGrow it in cultureInject itLook for the disease

Infectious disease:Disease

transmitted from one individual to another

Spread byWaterAirDirect contact

Tuberculosis Lung Disease

Carrier:Carry the diseaseBut show NO symptomsInfectious & spread the disease

Staphylococcus Bacteria

Causes sore throatSpread by carriersAlso pimplesCleanliness is important

Coccus = Round shaped bacteria

Toxin:Poisons produced by an organismCauses harm to other organisms

Example:Tetanus bacteriaPoison Brazilian darts

Other microorganisms & disease:

VirusesHIV virusFlu virusPolio virus

ProtozoansAmebic dysenteryMalaria

FungiAthlete’s footRingwormYeast infections

Yeast Infections:

Cynobacteria & Heterotroph

Salmonella Eats others

Makes its own food!