immunity

19
SOUNDARYA .V I BDS 2009-2010

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Page 1: Immunity

SOUNDARYA .V I BDS 2009-2010

Page 2: Immunity

Is defined as the capacity of the body to resist the pathogenic agents.

Ability of the body to resist the entry of different foreign substances like bacteria, virus , toxic substances.

Page 3: Immunity
Page 4: Immunity

Precursors in the bone marrow.

During fetal development.

Released into circulation.

T - Lymphocytes and B- Lymphocytes.

Page 5: Immunity

Produced in the thymus .Formation during period between

birth and few months after birth .Thymosin – hormone.60-80% of the circulating

lymphocytes.Cell-mediated immunity.Receptors are present on the

surface.

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Page 7: Immunity

75% of T-cells.

Form a series of a protein mediators called LYMPHOKINES.

Stimulation & growth of killer cells.

Feedback stimulation of other helper cells.

Activation of macrophages system.

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Kill and attack the micro-organisms.

Are activated by the helper T –cells.

Have receptors present on the membrane which bind to the antigens.

Cells release a lysosomal enzyme which punctures holes on the antigens.

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Suppresses the functions of both the cytotoxic and helper cells .

Prevent excessive immune reactions that may harm the body.

Memory cells identify the organism for the second time and activate the other T –cells.

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20-25 %.Short life span.Bone marrow.Plasma cell & Memory cells.Humoral immunity.

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10-15%Third type – non T , non-B cells.Hydrolytic enzymes - lysis

FUNCTIONS :Destroy malignant cells.Attack viruses.

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Substances that induce specific immune reactions.

Antigenicity- more molecular weight, more antigenic.

Proteins / Polysaccharides, complex lipids.

ANTIGENS: Auto antigensForeign antigens

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Produced due to antigenic stimulus and react specifically with it.

Formerly known as gamma globulins.

All antibodies are Immunoglobulin and all immunoglobulin are not antibodies

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STRUCTURE:

Y-shaped. Light chains. Heavy chains. Linked by di -Sulphide

bonds. Variable & Constant

region.

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Direct action:Agglutination, Precipitation, Neutralization &Lysis

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Complement system:Classical pathway-o C1 binds with antibodies

Alternate pathway-o Due to protein in circulation calledo FACTOR 1.o Activates C3 and C5 .

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Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.Myasthenia Gravis .Grave’s Disease.Rheumatoid Arthritis.