Name:____________________________________Date:_____________________Period:_____________

LymphaticSystemandImmuneSystem

1. Figure21.1providesanoverviewofthelymphaticvessels.InpartAtherelationshipbetweenlymphaticvesselsandthebloodvesselsofthecardiovascularsystemisdepictedschematically.PartBshowsthedifferenttypesoflymphaticvesselsinasimpleway.FirstcolorcodeandcolorthefollowingstructuresinFigure21.1.

HeartArteriesVeins

BloodcapillariesLymphaticvessels/lymphnodes

Looseconnectivetissuearoundthebloodandlymphcapillaries

Then,identifybylabelingthesespecificstructuresinpartB.LymphcapillariesLymphduct

LymphaticconnectingvesselsLymphtrunks

LymphnodesValves

2. Completethefollowingstatementsbywritingthemissingtermsintheanswerblanks.

__________________________________________1._________________________________________2.________________________________________3.________________________________________4.________________________________________5.________________________________________6.________________________________________7.________________________________________8.________________________________________9.________________________________________10.

Therearethreemajortypesofcellsinthelymphoidtissuesofthebody.Onecategory,the___(1)____containsimmunocompetentcellsthatareabletodestroyorimmobilizeforeignsubstancesinthebody;theseforeignsubstancesarecalled__(2)__.Thetwovarietiesinthisgroupare__(3)__and__(4)__.Theotherclassofprotectivecellsiscalled__(5)__.Thesedefendthebodybyengulfing,or__(6)__,foreignsubstances.Thethirdcellulargroupisthe__(7)__,fibroblastlikecellsthatformthestromaorframeworkofthelymphoidorgans.Lymphoidtissueisspecificallyclassifiedasatypeofconnectivetissuecalled__(8)__.Whenlymphoidtissueislooselypackeditiscalled__(9)__,whenistightlypackedintosphericalmasses,thearrangementissaidtobe__(10)__.

3. Figure21.3depictsseveraldifferentlymphoidorgans.Labelalllymphoidorgansindicatedbytheleaderlineandaddlabelsasnecessarytoidentifythesiteswheretheaxillary,cervical,andinguinallymphnodeswouldbelocated.Colorthelymphoidorgansasyoulike,andthenshadeinlightgreentheportionofthebodythatisdrainedbytherightlymphaticduct.

4. Figure21.4isadiagramofalymphnode.First,usingthetermswithcolor-codingcircles,labelallstructuresonthediagramthathaveleaderlines.Colorthosestructuresaswell.Then,addarrowstothediagramtoshowthedirectionoflymphflowthroughtheorgan.Finallycircletheregionthatwouldapproximatelycorrespondtothemedullaoftheorgan.

5. MatchthetermsincolumnBwiththeappropriatedescriptionsincolumnA.Morethanonechoicemayapplyinsomecases.

ColumnA1.Thelargestlymphaticorgan2.Filterlymph3.Particularlylargeandimportantduringyouth;produceshormonesthathelptoprogramtheimmunesystem4.CollectivelycalledMALT5.Removesagedanddefectiveredbloodcells6.Containsredandwhitepulp7.ExhibitsHassall’scorpuscles8.Includestheadenoids9.Actsagainstbacteriabreachingtheintestinalwall10.Lackacompletecapsuleandhavecryptsinwhichbacteriacanbecometrapped

ColumnBA.LymphnodesB.Peyer’spatchesC.SpleenD.ThymusE.Tonsils

6. Definephagocytosisandindicatewhyeffortsatphagocytosismightnotsucceed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Figure22.1diagramstheeventsinvolvedintheinflammatoryresponse.EventsdepictedinAprecedethoseshowninB.Eacheventisrepresentedbyasquarewithoneormorearrows.Fromthelistbelow,writethecorrectnumberineacheventsquareinthefigure.Then,colorcodeandcolorthestructuresthatappearbelowthenumberedlist.

1.WBCsaredrawntotheinjuredareabythereleaseofinflammatorychemicals2.tissuerepairoccurs3.Tissueinjuryoccursandmicrobesentertheinjuredtissue.4.Localbloodvesselsdilateandthecapillariesbecomeengorgedwithblood5.Phagocytosisofmicrobesoccurs6.Fluidcontainingclottingproteinsislostfromthebloodstreamandenterstheinjuredtissuearea.7.Mascellsdegenerate,releasinginflammatorychemicals8.MarginationanddiapedesisoccurMastcellsMastcellgranulesMonocyteEpithelium

Erythrocyte(s)Neutrophil(s)Macrophage

SubcutaneoustissueEndotheliumofcapillaryMicroorganismsFibrousrepairtissue

8. Listthreeadvantagesofinflammation-inducededema.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Checkallphrasesthatcorrectlydescribetheroleoffeverinbodyprotection.________________1.Isanormalresponsetopyrogens________________2.Protectsbydenaturingtissueproteins________________3.Reducestheavailabilityofironandzincrequiredforbacterialproliferation________________4.Increasesmetabolicrate

10. Usingthekeychoices,selectthetermthatcorrectlycompleteseachstatement.Inserttheappropriateanswersintheanswerblanks.

KEYCHOICESA.Antigen(s)B.BcellsC.Blood

D.CellularimmunityE.HumoralimmunityF.Lymph

G.LymphnodesH.MacrophagesI.Tcell

_____________________________________1._____________________________________2._____________________________________3._____________________________________4._____________________________________5._____________________________________6._____________________________________7._____________________________________8._____________________________________9.

Immunityisresistancetodiseaseresultingfromthepresenceofforeignsubstancesor__(1)__inthebody.Whenthisresistanceisprovidedbyantibodiesreleasedtobodyfluid,theimmunityiscalled__(2)__.Whenlivingcellsprovidetheprotection,theimmunityiscalled__(3)__.Themajoractorsintheimmuneresponsearetwolymphocytepopulations:the__(4)__andthe__(5)__.Phagocyticcellsthatactasaccessorycellsintheimmuneresponsearethe__(6)__.Becausepathogensarelikelytouseboth__(7)__and__(8)__asameansofgettingaroundthebody.__(9)__andotherlymphoidtissues(whichhousetheimmunecells)areinanexcellentpositiontodetecttheirpresence.

11. Aschematicdrawingofthelifecycleofthelymphocytesinvolvedinimmunityisshowninfigure

22.2.Selectdifferentcolorsfortheareaslistedbelow,andcolorthecodingcirclesandthecorrespondingregionsonthefigure.Ifthereisoverlap,usestripesofasecondcolortoindicatethesecondidentification.Thenrespondtothequestionsfollowingthefigure,whichrelatetothetwo-phasedifferentiationprocessofBcellsandTcells.

AreawhereimmaturelymphocytesariseAreaseededbyimmunocompetentBcellsandTcells.AreawhereTcellsbecomeimmunocompetentAreawheretheantigenchallengeandclonalselectionarelikelytooccurAreawhereBcellsbecomeimmunocompetent

12. TcellsandBcellexhibitcertainsimilaritiesanddifferences.Checktheappropriateboxesinthetabletoindicatethelymphocytetypethatexhibitseachcharacteristic.

Characteristic Tcell Bcell1.Originatesinbonemarrowfromhemocytoblasts 2.Progenyareplasmacells 3.Progenyincludesuppressors,helpers,orkillers 4.Progenyincludememorycells 5.Isresponsiblefordirectlyattackingforeigncellsorvirusinfectedcellsinthebody 6.Producesantibodiesthatarereleasedtobodyfluids 7.Bearsacellsurfacereceptorcapableofrecognizingaspecificantigen 8.Formsclonesuponstimulation 9.Accountsformostofthelymphocytesinthecirculation

13. Determinewhethereachofthefollowingsituationsprovides,orisanexampleof,activeorpassiveimmunity.Ifpassive,writePintheblank,ifactive,writeAintheblank.

___________________1.AnindividualreceivesSabinpoliovaccine___________________2.Antibodiesmigratethroughapregnantwomen’splacentaintothevascularsystemofherfetus___________________3.Astudentnursereceivesaninjectionofgammaglobulin(containingantibodiestothehepatitisvirus)aftershehasbeenexposedtoviralhepatitis.___________________4.“Borrowed”immunity___________________5.Immunologicmemoryisprovided___________________6.Anindividualsuffersthroughchickenpox

14. Thereareseveralimportantdifferencesbetweenprimaryandsecondaryimmuneresponsestoantigens.IfastatementbelowbestdescribesaprimaryresponsewritePintheblank:ifasecondaryresponsewriteSintheblank.

_______________________1.Theinitialresponsetoanantigen:“gearingup”stage_______________________2.Alagperiodofseveraldaysoccursbeforeantibodiesspecifictotheantigenappearinthebloodstream_______________________3.Antibodylevelsincreaserapidlyandremainhighforanexternalperiod_______________________4.Immunologicmemoryisestablished_______________________5.Thesecond,third,andsubsequentresponsestothesameantigen

15. SeveralpopulationofTcellsexist.MatchthetypeofcellincolumnBwiththedescriptionsin

columnA.ColumnA1.BindswithandreleaseschemicalsthatactivateBcells2.releaseschemicalsthatactivatekillerTcells,macrophages,andavarietyofnonimmunecells,butmustbeactivateditselfbyrecognizingbothitsantigenandaselfproteinpresentedonthesurfaceofamacrophage3.turnsofftheimmuneresponsewhenthe“enemy”hasbeenrouted4.directlyattacksandcauseslysisofcellularpathogens5.playsamajorroleinchronicinflammationbyreleasingadelugeoflymphokines6.ThemajorcelltypeistheCD4population7.Themajorcelltype(s)intheCD8population

ColumnBA.CytotoxicTcellB.DelayedhypersensitivityTcellC.HelperTcellD.SuppressorTcell

16. Figure22.4isaflowchartoftheimmuneresponsethattestsyourunderstandingoftheinterrelationshipsofthatprocess.Severaltermshavebeenomittedfromthisflowchart.First,completethefigurebywritingintheboxestheappropriatetermsselectedfromthekeychoicesbelow.(Note:sometermsareusedmorethanonce.Ovalboxesrepresentcelltypesandrectangularboxesrepresentmolecules.Alsonotethatsolidlinesrepresentstimulatoryorenhancingeffects,whereasbrokenlinesindicateinhibition.)Thencolorthecodingcirclesofthecelltypeslistedbelowandthecorrespondingovalboxesontheflowchart.

KEYCHOICESCellTypesBcellHelperTcellCytotoxicTcellMacrophageMemoryBcellMemoryTcellNeutrophilsPlasmacellSuppressorTcell

MoleculesAntibodiesChemotacticfactorsComplementInterferonInterleukinLymphokinesMonokinesPerforin(and/orothercytotoxins)Suppressorfactors

17. Usingthekeychoices,identifythetypesofimmunitydisordersdescribedbelow.

KEYCHOICESA.Allergy

B.Autoimmunedisease

C.Immunodeficiency

____________________________1.AIDSandSCID____________________________2.Theimmunesystemmountsanextraordinarilyvigorousresponsetoanotherwiseharmlessantigen____________________________3.Ahypersensitivityreactionsuchashayfeverorcontactdermatitis____________________________4.Occurswhentheproductionoractivityofimmunecellsorcomplementisabnormal____________________________5.Thebody’sownimmunesystemproducesthedisorder:abreakdownofself-tolerance____________________________6.Affectedindividualsareunabletocombatinfectionsthatwouldpresentnoproblemfornormallyhealthypeople