immune system concept fix_2

8/12/2019 Immune System Concept Fix_2

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The immune system is a unique network of

specialized cells, tissue and organs that

protect the body from invading

microorganisms, neutralized foreign

substances, destroy malignant cells, and

dispose of cellular debris.


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Pathogens(such as bacteria,fungi, and viruses)

INNATE IMMUNITY

Rapid response

Recognition of traits sharedby broad ranges ofpathogens, using a small

set of receptors

Recognition of traitsspecific to particularpathogens, using a vastarray of receptors

Slower response

Barrier defenses:

SkinMucous membranesSecretions

Internal defenses:

Phagocytic cellsNatural killer cellsAntimicrobial proteinsInflammatory response

Humoral response:

Antibodies defend againstinfection in body fluids.

Cell-mediated response:

Cytotoxic cells defendagainst infection in body cells.

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY


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LIVE VACCINES

produce self-limiting non-clinical infections and

lead to subsequent immunity, both humoral and

cell-mediated

Live vaccines are used against a number of viral

infections (polio (Sabin vaccine), measles, mumps,

rubella, chicken pox, hepatitis A, yellow fever, etc.)


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Killed vaccines

Killed (heat, chemical or UV irradiation) viral

vaccines include those for polio (Salk vaccine),

influenza, rabies, influenza, rabies, etc.

Most bacterial vaccines are killed organisms (

typhoid, cholera, plague, pertussis, etc.)


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Y B b Fi t


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YourBabysFirst

Vaccines

Your baby will get these vaccines today:DTaP Polio BCGHib Rotavirus

Hepatitis B PCV

These vaccines protect yourbaby from 9 seriousdiseases:diphtheritet nuspertussis whooping cough)Haemophilus influenzae typeb Hib)hep titis Bpoliorot viruspneumococc l dise se tuberculosis TB).

What You Need to Know

about all of the routinebirth-6 monthvaccine


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Hepatitis B

The hepatitis B vaccine protects

against hepatitis B infection.

Hepatitis B infection is caused by

the hepatitis B virus.This is a

serious disease that damagesthe liver. HepB is one of the

recommended childhood

vaccines. HepB is given tochildren as a series of three

shots (doses).


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Side EffectCommon side effects following immunisation are usually mild

and temporary (occurring in the first few days aftervaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required.

There are a number of treatment options that can reduce the

side effects of the vaccine including:

giving extra fluids to drink and not overdressing if there is a

fever

although routine use of paracetamol after vaccination is not

recommended, if fever is present, paracetamol can be given


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Polio

Why we should get polio

vacccine??? Poliomyelitis (polio) is a serious

infectious disease caused by a

virus. Symptoms vary from

mild, flu-like symptoms to life-

threatening paralysis. Half of

those who survive will have

permanent paralysis. Polio can

be prevented with

immunisation


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Side Effect

soreness and redness at the injection site

mild fever

allergic reactions to a part of the vaccine


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BCG

Bacillus Calmette Guerrine Vaccine


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BCG vaccination isrecommended forbabies and adults atrisk of catchingtuberculosis TB).


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When baby gets it ?

One month after the baby was born


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Two to six weeks after the injection, a small spot mayappear at the site of the injection. It can grow into acircle up to 7mm in diameter and may becomecrusty where fluid has dried on the surface. It can be

painful and bruised for a few days, but willeventually heal. It usually leaves a small scar.

Possible side effects


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DTaPDiphtheria and Tetanus Toxoidsand Acellular Pertussis Vaccine


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This is a combination vaccine toprotect against diphtheria, tetanusand pertussis


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Diphtheria is acontagious bacterialinfection that mainlyaffects the nose andthroat

Diphtheria


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Tetanus is a seriousillness that causespainful tightening ofthe jaw muscles

Tetanus


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Pertussis is also knownas the whooping cough, ahighly contagiousrespiratory infection.

Pertusis


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When baby gets it?At 2 months, 4 months and 6 months, and

between 15 and 18 months and 4 to 6 years.


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Possible side effects Swelling Redness Fever loss of appetite within two days of receivingthe shot


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Rotavirous cause of

diarrhea in infant and

young children

Rotavirus is serious disease...So, make sure your child is protected


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Is my children at risk?

Yes, Rotavirus is verycommon disease in infants

and young children,expecialy if they are

unvaccinated

How do I know if my child hasrotavirus?

There are symptoms of that, includehigh fever, vomiting, abdominal

pain, and diarrhea..

The children often stop eating anddrinking and become dehydrate

Is Rotavirusserious?

Yes, That kills about a halfmillion infant and young

children every year

how can I protect my chid fromrotavirus?

With Vaccination, your childrenshould get 2-3 doses (dependingon the brand) of rotavirus vaccinestarting at 2 months of age. And

than at ages 4, and 6.


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HIB

WHAT THEMEAN OF

HIB????


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How does HI B spread?

Spread person to person by

the air

Is H I B serious?

YESS, its cause meningitis, lead

permanent deafness and brain

damage; peneumonia; blood

infection; severe sweling in the throat

Is my cihild at risk?

YES, H I B common throughout the

world, sicknes million of children and

kill many. Usually infect chidren

younger than 5 years old.

How can

I protect my child

from H I B?

With vaccination

HIB ( haemophilus

influenza type b)

is disease causeby bacteria.


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All children

should get 34doses of Hib withdoses at ages 2, 4,

and 6 months

given as an

injection into theanterolateralthigh muscle

Ask

your childs

healthcareprovider

if your child is

up to date for all

vaccines!


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What it

Pneumococcal disease is


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caused by bacteria that can

lead to serious infections in

the lungs (pneumonia),

blood, and brain

(meningitis).

from an infected person

who coughs or sneezes

around you.

The disease is hard to treat,

the bacterian have become

resistan to antibiotics, and

can cause pneumonia, blood

infections, and meningitis.

Such infections can lead to

deafness, brain damage, and

even death.

Yes, Anyone can get

pneumococcal disease.

Its most dangerous in

young children

Protect the child from

pneumococal disease

with vaccination


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All children should get 4 dosesof pneumococcal conjugatevaccine PCV), starting at 2months of age. Than at ages4, 6, and 12 month.If your child misses a dose orgets behind schedule, make surethey get the next dose as soonas possible.


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What is Measles? Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, the virus lives in

the mucus in the nose and throat of the infected person.

The symptoms of measles generally begin about 7-14 days after aperson is infected, and include:

Blotchy rash

Fever Cough

Runny nose

Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)

Feeling run down, achy (malaise)

Tiny white spots with bluish-whitecenters found inside the mouth

(Kopliksspots)


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Measles vaccineis a highly effective vaccineused against measles. The measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combo vaccine has been

available since 2005. The vaccine acts by stimulating the innate

immune response and provides long termprotection against the disease. The onset of

the protection is slow but the effect

is long lasting.


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0.5 ml subcutaneously

Side effects:

Some children develop soreness in the local area of the

shot, and occasionally a low-grade fever. Also some children develop a mild, measles-like rash about

seven to 12 days after getting the measles vaccine

Contraindications:

Previous severe anaphylaxis following a measlesvaccination.

Patients with congenital immunodeficiency disorders

Leukaemia, lymphoma or serious malignant disease

Treatment with chemotherapy, therapeutic radiation, or

high dose corticosteroids Pregnant patients

HIV-infected persons

receipt of such blood products


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When children aged 9 months to 18 years, there

are still some immunization that should be given.

1. Measles (Campak)

2. Polio-4 and Polio-5

3. DTP-4 and DTP-54. HiB

5. PCV

6. Influenza

7. MMR

8. Typhoid

9. Hepatitis A10.Varicella

11.HPV


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1. Measles (Campak)

Measles immunizationprovide active immunity

against measles. This

immunization is given as 1

dose when the child was 9

months or more and is

given again when the

children were 6 years old.


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The vaccine is injected subcutaneously

as 0.5 mL


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2. Polio-4 and Polio-5

This is a continuation

of immunization. Polio-4

was given when the childis 18-24 months old and

Polio-5 is given when the

child was 5 years old.


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3. DTP-4 and DTP-5

This is a continuation

of immunization. DTP-4

was given when thechild is 18-24 months

old and DTP-5 is given

when the child was 5years old.


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4. HiB : Hib disease is caused by the bacteriaHaemophilus Influenza type B (Hib). Hib usually

attacks children under 5 years old. Childrenshould get Hib vaccine at age 2 months, 4

months, 6 months, 15-18 months.

5. PCV : PCV is an abbreviation of the

pneumococcal vaccine. PCV is a vaccine to

prevent the occurrence of IPD. Children getPCV vaccine at age 2 months, 4 months, 6

months, 12-15 months.


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6. Influenza : This immunization is given once a

year since the child is 6 months old, and is

recommended to be given to children aged18 years. The benefits of this vaccine is to

protect the body from some types of

influenza virus or to reduce or relievesymptoms caused by influenza symptoms.

Intramuscular spray of the respiratory tract

7 MMR : The measles mumps and rubella (MMR)


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7. MMR : The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)

vaccine is one of the recommended childhood

vaccinations. The three-in-one vaccine protects

against three potentially serious illnesses. Childrenget MMR vaccine at age 15 months and 5-6 years

old.

8. Hepatitis A : Hepatitis A disease caused by the

hepatitis A virus, commonly transmitted through

food and drink that has been contaminated withdirt / feces of patients with hepatitis A (fecal-oral).

Children get this vaccine 2 times at age 2-18 years

old, intervals of 6-12 months.

9 T h id T h id i i i hi h


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9. Typhoid : Typhoid vaccine is a vaccine which

berfmanfaat to protect the body against

salmonella typhi bacteria that can causetyphoid fever (typhoid). The vaccine is

administered for the first time in children aged

24 months / 2 years later vaccine repeatedevery 3 years until the child is 18 years old.

10 V i ll Chi k i ll i l


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10. Varicella : Chicken pox or varicella simplex

due to varicella zoster virus. Immunization

(vaccination) varicella available for childrenover the age of 12 months. Varicella

immunization was given 2 times with an

interval of 1-2 months injection.

11. HPV : The HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

vaccine is a major breakthrough in cancerprevention. Help protect your daughter

from cervical cancer. This immunization was

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