immigrants and workers. industrialization
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Immigrants and Workers
Industrialization
1890
No place with less than 2 people per
square mile
1920
More people lived in cities than countryside
Steel mills
Rail yards
Textile mills
Clothing factories
Mines
Farms
Diversity
Diversity
Religious
Cultural
National
Diversity
Marriage
Child care
Women and child labor
Diversity
Mobile
Diversity
Mobile
Earnings and employment unstable
Diversity
Mobile
Earnings and employment unstable
Recessions
Depressions
Diversity
Mobile
Earnings and employment unstable
Consumer demand
Overproduction
Diversity
Mobile
Earnings and employment unstable
Inclement weather
Technological displacement
1849
Irish Potato Famine
Coffin Ships
Coffin Ships
1830s
1800
5,000 per year
1830s
600,000 per year
1840s
1.5 million per year
1850s
2.8 million per year
1877-1890
6 million
1890-1914
18 million
Prior to 1890s
Western and Northern Europe
After 1890s
Southern and Eastern Europe
Employment
Language
Culture
Housing
Family values
Family Strategies
Family StrategiesSubordination of individuals for
sake of collective family
Family StrategiesSubordination of individuals for sake of collective family
Key decisions based on good of family, not individuals
Family StrategiesSubordination of individuals for sake of collective family
Key decisions based on good of family, not individuals
One daughter remained unmarried
“Family Economy”
“Family Economy”
Decision making product of collective needs rather than
individual preferences
1882
Family living costs one third higher than earnings of head of
household
1900
Richest 2% owned 1/3 wealth
1900
Richest 10% owned 3/4 wealth
Child labor
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Horace Greeley
$10.37 – family of five
$10.37 – family of five
Shoemaker = $4
$10.37 – family of five
Shoemaker = $4
Cabinet maker = $5
$10.37 – family of five
Shoemaker = $4
Cabinet maker = $5
Textile worker = $6.50 m
$3.50 f
$10.37 – family of five
Shoemaker = $4
Cabinet maker = $5
Textile worker = $6.50 m
$3.50 f
$10.37 – family of five
Shoemaker = $4
Cabinet maker = $5
Textile worker = $6.50 m
$3.50 f
Unskilled = $1
1.Children too young to work
1.Children too young to work
2.Later in life
Ethnic Diversity
Ethnic Diversity
Higher birthrates
Ethnic DiversityHigher birthrates
Boarders
Ethnic DiversityHigher birthrates
Boarders
More child labor
Ethnic DiversityHigher birthrates
Boarders
More child labor
Different fam. patterns
Factory Work
Rural Families
Before 1880
70% all Americans lived in towns and
villages of less than 2,500 people
$754 per year
60% = $450 per year
$754 per year
60% = $450 per year
scrip
10% white
20% black
1924
Emergency Quota Act
Immigration Act