imagining the future ‐‐never a sure thingbesser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/talks/reimagining.pdf ·...
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Re‐ImagingarchivesfortheDigitalScholaroftheFuture
HowardBesserDirector,NYUMovingImageArchiving
&PreservaAonProgramhBp://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/
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Re‐ImagingarchivesfortheDigitalScholaroftheFuture
• HazardsofpredicAons• Methodsweusetopredict• LookingatDigitalHumaniAesforinspiraAon• Lookingaroundustosocietalinfotrends,alliedfields,smallprojectsw/iourfield,…
• ‐‐‐‐‐segmentaAon
• ‐‐‐‐‐crowd‐sourcingfortagging• ‐‐‐‐‐geo‐referencing• ‐‐interveningwhentheworkisbeingcreated,tosavebothcontentandmetadata
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ImaginingtheFuture‐‐neverasurething
ImaginingtheFuture(1888)
• Predic:onsthatwereborneout:
• Unregulatedstockmarkets
• Ab/useofcreditcards• Riseofbigboxstores• Socialism• Musicdownloading
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SomeAmesourPredicAonscomealiBlelaterthanpredicted
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Newspeak:not1984,but2decadeslater
• surgicalstrike• collateraldamage• smartbombs
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Newspeak:
IraqWar
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Newspeak:PredicAonsenterpopularcultureandactualworkenvironment
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• “transiAonconsultant”
• “reengineering”• “right‐sizing”
Dystopianviewsofinfopurposelyhidden(JocastaNu,JediArchivist)
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ALAImagineers‐‐usingSciFitopredict/inventfuturelibraries
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ALAImagineers(1998)
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WhatdidALAImagineersgivebirthto?
• Today’sandtomorrow’sdigitallibraries• Melvyl,CNI
• Standardsforinteroperability:Z39.50,DublinCore,METS
• VisionofaninterconnectedworldofculturalinformaAon
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WheredowelooktohelpourpredicAons?
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Langlookedaroundhim,andextrapolatedfromexisAngcondiAons
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AgoodplacetolookforideastofeedpredicAonsisDigitalHumaniAes
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• ArelaAvelynewly‐recognizedfieldofstudy• Afieldthatreliesuponscholarlyaccesstoalargebodyofmaterialhousedinarchives
• AfieldthathasaBractedrecogniAonfromimportantpowersources(fundingagencies,universityadministrators,academicpublishers,…)
• Afieldthatappearstoberapidlygrowing
NEHnowhasanenAreofficedevotedtoDigitalHumaniAes
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ManyDigitalHumaniAesOrganizaAons
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ManyDigitalHumaniAesJournals(printjournalsonly,courtesyofMaBKirschenbaum)
• 1.ComputersandtheHumani:es,(U.S.)[X].
• 2.ComputersandTexts,(U.K.)[X],journal/newsleBeroftheCTICentreforTextualStudies.
• 3.JahrbuchfürComputerphilologie(München,Germany).
• 4.LiteraryandLinguis:cCompu:ng,(U.K.)[X],theofficialjournaloftheAssociaAonforLiteraryandLinguisAcCompuAng.
• 5.OfficeforHumani:esCommunica:on,Publica:ons(U.K.)[X],currently10Atlesinprint.
• 6.Revue.Informa:queetSta:s:quesdanslesSciencesHumaines(Belgium)[X].ArAclesinFrenchandEnglishconcerningtheapplicaAonsofcompuAngtechniquesandstaAsAcstothehumaniAes.
• 7.TextTechnology(Canada)[X].AjournaldedicatedtocomputertechnologiesandtheirapplicaAonstotext.
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DigitalHumaniAesLandscape
• Largeandamorphous• Mostbranchesrelyuponbodiesofcontent,andcomputerstohelpanalyzethatcontent
• myownbiases‐‐towardsbranchesthataBemptacloseanalysisoftext
1973‐74IstudiedfilminParis
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Didcloseanalysis
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diagrammedshotbyshot
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AndonlymidwaythroughdidIrealizethatIwasfollowinga“new”cinematheory
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SowhenIlookatDigitalHumanites
• InoAcestructuralapproaches• IlookatdeconstrucAon• Andaddingmylibrarybackground,IlookateachcinemaAcobjectassomethingtodiagrammedandindexed
• Ilookat…
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TheTextEncodingIniAaAve
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TEILight(BenJonsonpoetry)
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TEI
• WorksaremarkedupforstructureusingXML(muchlikeEADmark‐up)
• makesiteasytofindtherightplacewithinawork
• allowsacomputerprogramtohelpanalyzetheworkanditscomponentparts
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OXDB
• ToolsforoperaAngondigitalmovies• Annotatesadigitalmovieinconsistentways(andwithmulAplecategoriesofanimaAon)
• Segmentsamovie,breakingitintoitscomponentparts
• Hasgeo‐referencingbuilt‐in
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OXDB‐browsefilmlist
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OXDB‐fullrecord(canbeannotated)
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OXDB‐shotsw/ifilm
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OXDB‐segmentaAonw/ifilm
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Pad.ma
• ImplementaAonofOXDBtools• Arepositoryofdigitalmovies
• Atooltodaytoconsistentlyannotateadigitalmovieandbreakitintoitscomponentparts
• Hasgeo‐referencingbuilt‐in• Expectscrowd‐sourcingofannotaAons/metadata
Pad.ma—openingscreen
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Pad.ma‐‐browserepository
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Pad.ma—segmentaAonlinkedtometadata
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Pad.ma—locaAons,keywords,descripAonschangew/segment
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Pad.ma
Geo‐referencingwillbecomeeasierandeasier
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NeedtotakeadvantageofGPSbuiltintocameras
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NeedtointegratewithotherubiquitousapplicaAons(googlemaps)
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Lowergranularity:Geo‐locaAonwithinthesceneofafilm
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BriAshLibrary’sSoundMap
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PreservingDigitalPublicTV
• WorldFocus,nightlynewsshow
• Capturemetadatawhenit’sfirstknown(duringtheproducAonprocess)
• Automateasmuchaspossible(GPSchipsincameras)-Besser & Van Malssen (2007) Pushing Metadata Upstream
into the Content Production Process: Preliminary Studies of Public Television
SallyPoBerArchive(SP‐ARK)
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SP‐ARK—canlookthroughscenes,shotsofOrlando
ArchiveContents• SCREENWRITING
• »Originalnovel• »Notes• »Pre‐drauhandwriBennotes• »Typednotes»Draus• »Earliestdrau‐typewriBen
• »EarlyparAaldrau‐handwriBen• »OriginalhandwriBendrau• »Reviseddrau»Finishedscreenplay• DEVELOPMENT• »Sketches/painAngs• FINANCING
• »Funding»PresentaAonbook• »Cannesprospectus• PRE‐PRODUCTION• »CasAng• »Interviews/screentests• »ProducAondesign
• »Costumedesign• »Photographs• »LocaAons• »Photographs»Notes»Video
• PRODUCTION
• »Callsheets• »Dailyprogressreports• »PicturenegaAvereports• »ShooAngschedule• »Setphotography
• »FilmsAlls• »Behindthescenesphotos• »ConAnuitysheets• »Videorushes• PREMIERE/FILMFESTIVALS• »Interviews
• »TVandPress• DISTRIBUTION/PUBLICITY• »MarkeAng• »Selectedscenecommentary• »Soundtrackalbum• »FilmDVD
• »SallyPoBer'sdiary
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SP‐ARK‐screenwriAngnotes(pre‐drau)
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SP‐ARK‐everyitemhascatalogininfoandcanalsobetaggedbyusers
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SP‐ARK‐developmentsketches
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SP‐ARK‐ScreenTest—QuenAnCrisp
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SP‐ARK‐pre‐producAoncostumedesign
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SP‐ARK‐locaAonsites
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SP‐ARK‐locaAonnotes
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SP‐ARK‐CallSheets
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SP‐ARK‐DailyProgressReports
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SP‐ARK‐PictureNegaAveReports
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SP‐ARK‐ShooAngSchedule
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SP‐ARK‐BehindScenesPhotography
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SP‐ARK‐ConAnuitySheets
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SP‐ARK‐FesAvalInterviews
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SP‐ARK‐SallyPoBerDiary
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SP‐ARK‐SallyPoBerDiary
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SP‐ARKPathways
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SP‐ARKPathways‐
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SP‐ARKPathways‐fromliststonarraAves…
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SP‐ARKPathways‐…toessays
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Broadissueswemustbeawareof
• Futureaudience(andevenscholarship)willbemuchwidergroupthanfilmscholars(justlookattheexperienceartmuseums)
• FuturecontentwillbemuchbroaderthannarraAvefilm(newsreels,uneditedfootage,homemovies,otherOrphans,…)
• FutureuseswillbemuchbroaderthantypicalcriAqueofasinglefilm(clipre‐useandappropriaAon,examiningleu‐handedness,…)
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Elementstopreparefor
• Userswillwanttofindeversmallerunitsofgranularity(andexpectustohelpwithsegmentaAon)
• Userswillwanttogobeyondlooking,andtobringclipsintotheirowncreaAons/appropriaAons
• Geo‐referencingwillbelow‐hangingfruit• UserparAcipaAon(crowd‐sourcing)canallowustodomore
forless,providemulApleperspecAves,etc.
• Interoperabilitywithotherinforesources(googlemaps,…)iscriAcal
• RelaAonshipswithcontentcreators(toobtainmaterialandmetadatathattheymightthrowaway)iscriAcal
Futureweimaginehasitsownfuture;processofimaginingisneverfinished
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Ofcourse,ourpredicAonscanalwaysbewrong!
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FurtherInformaAon
• hBp://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/• hBp://0xdb.org/• hBp://pad.ma/
• hBp://www.sp‐ark.org/• hBp://sounds.bl.uk/uksoundmap/index.aspx
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