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Amoxicillin-associated rash in glandular fever Richard Fox, 1 Reshma Ghedia, 2 Robert Nash 2 1 Department of ENT, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK 2 Department of ENT, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Correspondence to Dr Richard Fox, [email protected] Accepted 31 August 2015 To cite: Fox R, Ghedia R, Nash R. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [ please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015- 211622 DESCRIPTION Glandular fever, otherwise termed infectious mononucleosis, is a common cause of severe pha- ryngitis in adolescents and young adults. It is asso- ciated with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. It is recognised that in the context of acute glandular fever, some antibiotics, notably ampicillin and amoxicillin, may lead to severe, generalised rashes that involve the extremities. 1 The pathophysiology of the rash is unknown. 2 We present a case of an 18-year-old patient who presented to their general practitioner with an acute history of sore throat and fever. Amoxicillin was prescribed, and the patient developed a wide- spread, non-blanching, maculopapular rash 48 h after starting treatment ( gures 1 and 2). The patient had no known allergies and no prior allergy testing. A Monospot test was positive for glandular fever. Amoxicillin was discontinued, and the rash subsequently improved gradually over the following 3 weeks. Antibiotic treatment is not routinely indicated for the treatment of either pharyngitis or glandular fever. 3 When indicated, phenoxymethylpenicillin is preferred to amoxicillin due to the lower incidence of antibiotic-associated rashes. Learning points Ampicillin and amoxicillin should be avoided in patients with pharyngitis when glandular fever is considered a possibility. Antibiotic treatment is not routinely indicated for pharyngitis and glandular fever. Phenoxymethylpenicillin ( penicillin V) may substitute amoxicillin/ampicillin in cases when antibiotic therapy is desired. Competing interests None declared. Patient consent Obtained. Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. REFERENCES 1 Chovel-Sella A, Ben Tov A, Lahav E, et al. Incidence of rash after amoxicillin treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis. Pediatrics 2013;131:e14247. 2 Ónodi-Nagy K, Kinyó Á, Meszes A, et al. Amoxicillin rash in patients with infectious mononucleosis: evidence of true drug sensitization. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2015;11:1. 3 Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR, Bartlett JG, et al. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults: background. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:71119. Figure 1 Clinical photograph of the torso (A) and right arm (B) demonstrating a maculopapular rash. Figure 2 Clinical photograph of the lower limbs ((A) Anterior and (B) Posterior) demonstrating a maculopapular rash. Fox R, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-211622 1 Images in on 8 April 2020 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://casereports.bmj.com/ BMJ Case Reports: first published as 10.1136/bcr-2015-211622 on 14 September 2015. Downloaded from

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Amoxicillin-associated rash in glandular feverRichard Fox,1 Reshma Ghedia,2 Robert Nash2

1Department of ENT,Northwick Park Hospital,London, UK2Department of ENT, CharingCross Hospital, London, UK

Correspondence toDr Richard Fox,[email protected]

Accepted 31 August 2015

To cite: Fox R, Ghedia R,Nash R. BMJ Case RepPublished online: [pleaseinclude Day Month Year]doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-211622

DESCRIPTIONGlandular fever, otherwise termed infectiousmononucleosis, is a common cause of severe pha-ryngitis in adolescents and young adults. It is asso-ciated with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. It isrecognised that in the context of acute glandularfever, some antibiotics, notably ampicillin andamoxicillin, may lead to severe, generalised rashesthat involve the extremities.1 The pathophysiologyof the rash is unknown.2

We present a case of an 18-year-old patient whopresented to their general practitioner with anacute history of sore throat and fever. Amoxicillinwas prescribed, and the patient developed a wide-spread, non-blanching, maculopapular rash 48 hafter starting treatment (figures 1 and 2). Thepatient had no known allergies and no prior allergytesting. A Monospot test was positive for glandularfever. Amoxicillin was discontinued, and the rashsubsequently improved gradually over the following3 weeks.Antibiotic treatment is not routinely indicated

for the treatment of either pharyngitis or glandularfever.3 When indicated, phenoxymethylpenicillin ispreferred to amoxicillin due to the lower incidenceof antibiotic-associated rashes. Learning points

▸ Ampicillin and amoxicillin should be avoided inpatients with pharyngitis when glandular feveris considered a possibility.

▸ Antibiotic treatment is not routinely indicatedfor pharyngitis and glandular fever.

▸ Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) maysubstitute amoxicillin/ampicillin in cases whenantibiotic therapy is desired.

Competing interests None declared.

Patient consent Obtained.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peerreviewed.

REFERENCES1 Chovel-Sella A, Ben Tov A, Lahav E, et al. Incidence of rash after

amoxicillin treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis.Pediatrics 2013;131:e1424–7.

2 Ónodi-Nagy K, Kinyó Á, Meszes A, et al. Amoxicillin rash inpatients with infectious mononucleosis: evidence of true drugsensitization. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2015;11:1.

3 Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR, Bartlett JG, et al. Principles of appropriateantibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults: background.Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:711–19.

Figure 1 Clinical photograph of the torso (A) and rightarm (B) demonstrating a maculopapular rash.

Figure 2 Clinical photograph of the lower limbs ((A)Anterior and (B) Posterior) demonstrating amaculopapular rash.

Fox R, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-211622 1

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Copyright 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. For permission to reuse any of this content visithttp://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.BMJ Case Report Fellows may re-use this article for personal use and teaching without any further permission.

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2 Fox R, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-211622

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ase Reports: first published as 10.1136/bcr-2015-211622 on 14 S

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