Illinois Telephone Users Group

Peoria, ILJune 6, 2007

Presented by:Dean Mischke, P.E.

IPTV –Illinois Public Television

What is IPTV??

• Illinois Public Television• Digital Video delivered over Internet Protocol

– Digital video delivered over a broadband connection by a local service provider

– Video streaming over the public internet from a remote provider is called Internet Television

– When bundled with Voice and Data is called the Triple Play

• Add Mobile Voice to the package to get Quadruple Play

Traditional CATV System

NTSC Video

Off Air Antenna

Satellite Antenna

IRDAnalog LNB

Feed

Baseband Composite

Analog Video & Audio

RF Modulated 6MHz Channel

Demodulator

IRDIRD

DemodulatorDemodulator

Trunk Amp

Satellite Antenna

LNB Feed Digital Video

MPTS

330 MHz to 1000MHz

Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator

To O

SP

Return Amp

Integrated ReceiverTerminal/ModulatorIntegrated Receiver

Terminal/Modulator

40MHz

Cable ModemTermination System

Data Network

64 QAM

IP Switch/Router

IP Access GatewayGR-303 to TDM Switch or H.238 to IP Switch

Premium ChannelsDemodulatorDemodulator

Combiner

Modulator

ModulatorModulator

Modulator

Fiber and Coaxial Plant

TV

TVFiber Feeder

TV

CATV Headend

TV

Up to 3 active nodes

STB

Fiber and Twisted Pair Plant

Public Switched

TelephoneNetwork

Fiber Feeder TV

TV

DLC

TV

Central OfficePOTS Switch

TV

Up to 12,000 feet from DLC to Customer

IPTV Addition to CATV Head End

NTSC Video

Off Air Antenna

Satellite Antenna

IRD

Analog LNB Feed

Demodulator

IRD

DemodulatorDemodulator

Trunk Amp

Satellite Antenna

LNB Feed Digital Video

MPTS

330 MHz to 1000MHz

Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator

To C

oaxi

al

OS

P

Return Amp

Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator

Data Network

64 QAM

IP Switch/Router

IP Access GatewayGR-303 to TDM Switch or H.248 to IP Switch

ModulatorModulator

64 QAM

IP Switch/Router

MPEG 2 Encoder

MPEG 4 Encoder

IRD

To T

wis

ted

Pai

r OS

P

MPEG 2 Encoder

Modulator

Combiner

Cable ModemTermination System

Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator

MPEG 2 Transcoder

Modulator

Digital TV Formats

FormatIndex

VerticalResolution

HorizontalResolution

AspectRatio

ScanType

RefreshRate [Hz] Type

1

480

640 4:3

interlaced 30

2

progressive

24

EDTV

3 30

4 60

5

704 4:3

interlaced 30

6

progressive

24

7 30

8 60

9

704 16:9

interlaced 30

10

progressive

24

11 30

12 60

13

720 1280 16:9 progressive

24

HDTV

14 30

15 60

16

1080 1960 16:9

interlaced 30

17progressive

24

18 30

SDTV

Of which 6 are High Definition

Standard definition TV broadcast today

Digital TV Terms

• Vertical Resolution: Frame width in pixels• Horizontal Resolution: Frame height in one pixel high

lines• Aspect Ratio: Ratio of Width To Height or horizontal

resolution divided by the vertical resolution• Interlaced Scan: Each frame is comprised of two fields:

– The first field contains the odd lines– The second field is sampled approximately 20 ms later

and contains the even lines• Progressive Scan: Each frame is scanned top to bottom• Refresh Rate: Represents the number of frames per

second

What Makes IPTV a Challenge??

• Most DVDs use ¾ of SDTV horizontal resolution which is 528h x 480v x 30 frames a second and is 7,603,200 pixels per second

• 720p-60 (1280h x 720v x 60 fields a second) is 55,296,000 pixels per second

• 1080i-30 (1920h x 1080v x 30 frames a second) is 62,208,000 picture elements, or pixels per second

Drivers of Video Compression for IPTV

• Lower video bandwidth extends the access technology’s Service Reach

• Improves the quality of Sports and other High-Action programs – Premium value channels where performance is key

• Enables High Definition Programs over constrained bandwidth– Requires advanced compression capable HD STBs

• Saves Backbone Bandwidth• Lowers Cost of Program Storage by reducing file sizes

• Only the Syntax & Decoder are standardized. This approach then:– Permits optimization beyond the obvious– Permits complexity reduction for assisting implementations– Allows improvements over time without change-out of CPE– Provides no guarantees of Quality

Pre-Processing EncodingSource

DestinationPost-Processing& Error Recovery

Decoding

Scope of Standard

“Secret Sauce” applied here

StreamSyntax

The Scope of Coding Standardization

MPEG-2

• MPEG-2 (1994) is a standard used to compress audio and video (AV) digital data

• MPEG-2 is the designation for a group of coding standards for AV, agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)

• MPEG-2 is typically used to encode audio and video for broadcast signals, including direct broadcast satellite, IPTV and Cable TV

Required MPEG-2 Bit Rate in Mbps

0 5 10 15 20

HHR SDTV

SDTV

720p-24

720p-60

1080i-30

MPEG-4/H.264

• Introduced in late 1998, is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group

• MPEG-4 incorporates many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards, adding new features such as (extended) VRML support for 3D rendering, object-oriented composite files (including audio, video and VRML objects), support for externally-specified Digital Rights Management and various types of interactivity

Required MPEG-4 Bit Rate in Mbps

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

HHR SDTV

SDTV

720p-24

720p-60

1080i-30

Windows Media Video (WMV9)

• VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE standard 421M describing a video codec based on Windows Media Video version 9. It is an evolution of the conventional DCT-based video codec design also found in H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4.

• It is widely characterized as an alternative to the latest ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264 (a.k.a. AVC a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 10). Although VC-1 and WMV9 refer to the same codec technology as far as Microsoft is concerned, VC-1 is actually a superset of WMV9, containing more coding tools for interlaced video sequences than the original WMV9 codec which concentrated on progressive encoding for computer displays.

xDSL Transport System Bandwidth

xDSL Loop Reach

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Kilofeet

Meg

abits

Per

Sec

ond

ADSLADSL 2+Bonded ADSL 2+VDSLVDSL 23 SD ChHDTV

Service vs. Distance over Twisted Pair

ADSL DownS=1/2 DownADSL2 DownADSL2+ Down

28M26M24M22M20M18M16M14M12M10M8M6M4M2M

00 5000 10000 ft 15000 ft 20000 ft 25000 ft

MPEG-2

HD

Internet / VOIP

HybridApproachup to 8k ft

Pure MPEG-4Approachup to 15kft

24 AWG Cu

MPEG-4AVCHD MPEG-4

AVCHD

MPEG-4AVCHD

MPEG-2

MPEG-2

MPEG-2

MPEG-2 MPEG-2

MPEG-2

MPEG-2

MPEG-4 H.264

MPEG-4 H.264

MPEG-4 H.264

MPEG-4 H.264

MPEG-4 H.264

Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP

Where to start??

• Set Service Goals for your company– Without a goal, it will be easy to spend money that will be

wasted• New plant will be deployed that exceeds the bandwidth

requirements of the goals accomplished, leaving a stranded investment

• New plant will be inadequate to meet bandwidth required of the goals desired, resulting in duplication of expense to reinforce the network

– It is interesting to note that you do not need to decide on which plant architecture you want to deploy today, only determine the services you want to provide, coverage area, and when they need to be implemented

Where to start??• Goals Continued

– What type of service do you want to provide?• Voice, data, video

– What types of services will be profitable?• Voice?• Data?• Video?• Combination of the above??

– What type of services do you need to provide to maintain your existing customer base?

• Voice, data, video?– Where will you offer the services?

• Entire serving area• Will you offer tiered services based on distance from a fiber

node?• Will you extend your broadband network to reach customers

you currently cannot serve?

Where to start??

• Goals Continued– Why are service goals important?

• Voice: FITL up to 18 kFt– Survives on long loops– Requires almost no bandwidth compared to other

services• Data: FITL up to 12 kFt or HFC

– Can provide 1 to 4 Mbps out to the edge of the loop– Requires relatively little bandwidth for a satisfactory user

experience• Video:

– RF Video: FTTX, HFC– Digital Video: FITL up to 8 kFt, FTTC, FTTX, HFC

Where to start??

• Goals Continued– Set 10 Year Service Goals

• Due to the current regulatory environment, this goal may be impossible to determine

– Possible Settlement Changes will affect revenue– Services allowed

– Set 5 Year Service Goals• This goal may still be a reach; however, it should be

possible to establish a well designed goal

– Set 2 Year Service Goals• This goal is a necessity and should be able to be

accomplished with a reasonable amount of certainty

Why Copper??

• Excels at low cost voice• Excels as a dedicated service• Upstream and downstream capabilities are equal• Passive network to support the customer• Does not require power at the customer premise to

support lifeline voice services• Initially designed as a low bandwidth circuit• Recent technology has dramatically increased the

bandwidth distance curves; however, copper is still considered “bandwidth challenged” beyond 4-6 kFt

Why Fiber??

• Lifetime of fiber is expected to be greater than copper

• “Unlimited” bandwidth capabilities suggest the network will not require upgrading when a new service is required

• Outside Interference is eliminated• Maintenance is less• As the technology matures, better techniques are

continuing to be developed for the constructing and maintaining of the distribution plant

How To Move Forward??

• OSP Design Concepts– For the purpose of this presentation, the

discussion will be focused on a telephone company looking to provide digital video services in the next 5 years

• Practical Applications for– Rural– Urban– Drop

How To Move Forward??• Design Concepts

– Which design concept should you use?• FTIL• FTTC• Active FTTP• Passive FTTP

– Each Design will overlay the other with careful planning. Keep the FSAN GPON standards in mind when designing your network

• Rural– DLC site migrates to a branch point for 6 kFt DLC site closer to the

subscriber– DLC site migrates to the PON site for passive FTTP– Insert a FTTP Blade in the rural DLC to become an OLT for active or

passive FTTP• Urban

– SAC or Cross-Connect cabinet migrates to the 2-4 kFt DLC Site– DLC site migrates to the PON site for FTTP– Insert a FTTP bladed in the DLC site to become a branch point for FTTC– Insert a FTTP blade in the DLC to become an OLT for active or passive

FTTP

How To Move Forward??

• Design Concepts Continued– Fiber Feeder Design

• Just as with FITL, both active and passive FTTP are most cost effective with nodes serving 200 subscribers and larger

• Two feeder fibers can support up to 1000 subscribers in an active FTTP• Each feeder fiber can support up to 32 subscribers in a passive FTTP

– Some industry experts recommend 1 feeder fiber for 16 subscribers as a design criteria in the event that you need more than 1 Gbps for every 32 subscribers

– Distribution Design• Fiber distribution

– Provide 1.2 fiber for every customer or buildable lot– Limit the cable size to 144 fiber or less, preferably less than 96 fiber

• Copper Distribution– Provide 2 pair for every existing customer or buildable lot– Limit distribution lengths to 4 to 6 kFt– Limit FTTC distribution lengths to 1 kFt or 24 subscribers

– Each architecture can overlay the other with careful planning

How To Move Forward??

• Existing Copper Plant

Premise x

Premise 1

Feeder Pedestal

MDF

CO

Twisted Pair

CopperSwitch

Data Network NID

Distribution Pedestal

Distribution Pedestal

Twisted Pair Copper

How To Move Forward??

• FITL: Step 1

• The Feeder pedestal is replaced with the Broadband DLC retaining the distribution copper to serve the subscriber.

Premise x

Premise 1

Broadband DLCFDF

CO

Fiber

Twisted Pair

CopperSwitch

Data Network

NIDDistribution

Pedestal

Distribution Pedestal

COT

Switch

Data Network

COT

9 – 12kFt

How To Move Forward??

• FITL: Step 2

• The Broadband DLC is moved to into the distribution network, retaining the distribution copper to serve the subscriber.

Premise x

Premise 1

Broadband DLC

FDF

CO

Fiber

Twisted Pair

CopperSwitch

Data Network

NIDDistribution

Pedestal

Distribution Pedestal

COT

Switch

Data Network

COT

4 – 6kFt

Fiber

How To Move Forward??

• FTTP: Step 3

• The Broadband DLC is replaced with a PON cabinet or Active FTTP electronics and a fiber drop is placed to serve the subscriber.

Premise x

Premise 1

PON Cabinet or Active Cabinet

FDF

CO

Fiber

Fiber DropSwitch

Data Network

NIDDistribution

Pedestal

Distribution Pedestal

COT

Switch

Data Network

COT

Fiber

Fiber and Coaxial Plant

• Disadvantages– Excel at unified services (several sizes fit all)– Large number of active components in the network– Limited serving area requiring higher subscriber densities to be

cost effective– Networks are typically designed to available the majority of the

time– Difficult to increase capacity, especially in the upstream direction

• Challenges– Customized service provision requires a Set Top Box at every

customer– Network Powering for lifeline POTS– System reliability– Security in a shared network

Fiber and Coaxial Plant

• Original Intent: Video Services– Larger number of channels than what was

available off the air– Provides content that could not be broadcast

over the airwaves– Eliminated the need for external antennas

• Advantages– Very High Bandwidth Capabilities in the

downstream direction– Still the lowest cost network to provide basic

video services