illinois mineral industry in 1950 · stateofillinois adlaie.stevenson,governor...

STATE OF ILLINOIS

ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONC. HOBART ENGLE, Director

DIVISION OF THE

STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief

URBANA

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS—NO. 158

ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950

BY

WALTER H. VOSKUIL

•R1NTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS

1952

ILLINOIS GiiOLOGICA

SURVEY L1BR

MAR 14

ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

3 3051 00005 7855

STATE OF ILLINOIS

ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONC. HOBART ENGLE, Director

DIVISION OF THE

S T A T E GEOLOGI C A L SUR V E

Y

M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief

URBANA

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS—NO. 158


WALTER H. VOSKUIL

PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS

19 52

MANUSCRIPT COMPLETED AUGUST 1951

ORGANIZATION

STATE OF ILLINOIS

HON. ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONHON. C. HOBART ENGLE, Director

BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION

HON. C. HOBART ENGLE. B.Edn., M.A., Chairman

W. H. NEWHOUSE, Ph.D., Geology

ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry

LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering

A. E. EMERSON, Ph.D., Biology

LEWIS H. TIFFANY, Ph.D., Pd.D., Forestry

GEORGE D. STODDARD, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D., L.H.D.,

President of the University of Illinois

DELYTE W. MORRIS, Ph.D.,

President of Southern Illinois University

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISIONM. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief

(38750—2500—10-51)

STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISIONNatural Resources Building, Urbana

M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief

Enid Townley, M.S., Geologist and Assistant to the Chief

Velda A. Millard, Junior Assistant to the Chief

Helen E. McMorkis, Secretary to the Chief

RESEARCHGEOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Arthur Bevan, Ph.D., D. Sc, Principal Geologist

Frances H. Alsterlund, A.B., Research Assistant

Coal

Arthur Bevan, Ph.D., D.Sc, Acting HeadG. H. Cadv, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head, EmeritusErnest P. Du Bois, Ph.D., Geologist

R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mechanical EngineerGeorge M. Wilson, M.S., GeologistRobert M. Kosanke, M.A., GeologistRaymond Siever, Ph.D., Associate Geologist

John A. Harrison, M.S., Assistant Geologist

Jack A. Simon, M.S., Assistant GeologistMargaret A. Parker, B.S., Assistant Geologist

Adabell Karstrom, M.S., Assistant Geologist (on leave)Frederick E. Williams, B.A., Assistant GeologistKenneth E. Clegg, B.S., Research AssistantWalter E. Cooper, Technical Assistant

Oil and GasA. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadLester L. Whiting, B.A., Associate GeologistVirginia Kline, Ph.D., Associate Geologist

Wayne F. Meents, Assistant GeologistW. W. Hallstein, B.S., Research AssistantRobert L. Brownfield, A.B., B.S., Research AssistantKathryn C. Irving, Technical Assistant

Petroleum Engineering

Paul A. Witherspoon, M.S., Petroleum Engineer andHead

Frederick Squires, A.B., B.S., Petroleum Engineer,Emeritus

Paul J. Shanor, B.S., Associate Petroleum Engineer

Industrial Minerals

J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and HeadDonald L. Graf, Ph.D., Associate GeologistJames C. Bradbury, A.M., Assistant GeologistRobert J. Cronk, M.S., Assistant GeologistRaymond S. Shrode, M.S., Assistant Geologist

Clay Resources and Clay Mineral Technology

Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Consulting Clay MineralogistW. Arthur White, M.S., Associate GeologistHerbert D. Glass, Ph.D., Associate GeologistRobert S. Roth, Ph.D., Special Assistant GeologistWilliam Johns, B.A., Special Research Assistant

Groundwater Geology and Geophysical Exploration

Frank C. Foley, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadMerlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Associate GeologistRichard F. Fisher, M.S., Assistant GeologistJohn W. Foster, M.S., Assistant GeologistMargaret J. Castle, Assistant Geologic Draftsman

(on leave)Robert D. Knodle, M.S., Assistant Geologist (on leaveJames E. Hackett, Ph.B., Assistant Geologist

Geophysical Research

M. William Pullen, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadRobert B. Johnson, M.S., Research AssistantBennie Ellis, Assistant

Engineering Geology and Topography MappingGeorge E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head

Stratigraphy and Areal Geology

H. B. Willman, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadL. E. Workman, M.S., Consulting Geologist

J. S. Templeton, Ph.D., GeologistDavid H. Swann, Ph.D., GeologistElwood Atherton, Ph.D., Associate GeologistDonald B. Saxby, M.S., Assistant GeologistT. C. Buschbach, M.S., Research AssistantCharles C. Engel, Technical AssistantJoseph F. Howard, Assistant

Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the UnitedStates Geological Survey.

This report is a contribution of the Mineral EconomicsSection.

GEOCHEMISTRYReed, Ph.D., Chief ChemistFrank H.

Grace C. Johnson, B.S., Research Assistant

Coal Chemistry

G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadRichard H. Organist, B.S., Research AssistantFrancis Scheidt, B.S., Research Assistant

Physical Chemistry

J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadTin Boo Yee, M.S., M.A., Assistant ChemistFrances H. Staplin, M.A., Research Assistant

Fluorine Che?nistry

G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadRobert E. Oesterling, B.A., Assistant ChemistJoseph E. Dunbar, B.S., Special Research Assistant

Chemical Engineering

H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer and HeadP. W. Henline, M.S., Chemical EngineerB. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mechanical EngineerJames C. McCullough, Research AssociateEarl C. Noble, Technical Assistant 'on leaveRaymond H. Pellum, Technical Assistant

X-RayW. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist and Head

Spectrochemistry

Kenneth B. Thomson, Ph.D., PhysicistR. J. Piersol, Ph.D., Physicist, EmeritusJuanita Witters, M.S., Assistant Physicist

Analytical Chemistry

O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadL. D. McVicker, B.S., ChemistHoward S. Clark, A.B., ChemistEmile D. Pierron, M.S.. Associate ChemistFrancis A. Coolican, B.S., Assistant ChemistCharles T. Allbright, B.S., Research AssistantJames B. Hostettler, B.S., Research AssistantJenny Wilson, B.S., Research AssistantEvelyn Veazey, B.S., Research AssistantJo Anne Armstrong, B.S., Research AssistantEugene Lange, Technical AssistantGeorge R. James, Technical Assistant

MINERAL ECONOMICSW. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral EconomistW. L. Busch, A.B., Assistant Mineral EconomistEthel M. King, Research Assistant

EDUCATIONAL EXTENSIONGilbert O. Raasch, Ph.D., Geologist, in ChargeMargaret Hayes, B.S., Research AssistantLouis Unfer, Jr., M.A., Research Assistant

RESEARCH AFFILIATES IN GEOLOGYJ Harlen Bretz, Ph.D., University of ChicagoStanley E. Harris, Jr., Ph.D., Southern Illinois Uni-

versityC. Leland Horberg, Ph.D., University of ChicagoHeinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., University of ChicagoWilliam E. Powers, Ph.D., Northwestern UniversityPaul R. Shaffer, Ph.D., University of Illinois

Harold R. Wanless, Ph.D., University of Illinois

J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D., University of Chicago

CONSULTANTSGeology, George W. White, Ph.D., University of Illinois

Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., University of Illinois

Ceramics, Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois

Mechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, M.S., Universityof Illinois

September 7, 1951

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIONLIBRARY

Anne E. Kovanda, B.S., B.L.S., LibrarianRuby D. Frison, Technical Assistant

MINERAL RESOURCE RECORDSVivian Gordon, HeadDorothy Gore, B.S., Research AssistantRuth Warden, B.S., Research AssistantBeverly Solliday, B.S., Research AssistantSarah Haraldsen, Technical AssistantIna C. Johnson, A.B., Technical AssistantMarjorie Martin, B.A., Technical AssistantCharlotte M. Wood, B.A.. Technical Assistant

PUBLICATIONSJane V. Olson, B.A., Associate Technical EditorDorothy E. Rose, B.S., Consulting Technical EditorBarbara A. Zeiders, B.S., Assistant EditorMeredith M. Calkins, Geologic Draftsman

TECHNICAL RECORDSBerenice Reed, Supervisory Technical AssistantMarilyn Swartswalter, B.S., Technical Assistant

GENERAL SCIENTIFIC INFORMATIONDonna M. Builte, Research AssistantGwendolyn Davis, Technical Assistant

OTHER TECHNICAL SERVICESLeslie D. Vaughan, Research AssociateBeulah M. Unfer, Technical AssistantA. W. Gotstein, Research AssociateGlenn G. Poor, Research AssociateGilbert L. Tinberg, Technical AssistantWayne W. Nofftz, Supervisory Technical AssistantRobert M. Fairfield, Technical Assistant

FINANCIAL RECORDSVelda A. Millard, In ChargeLeona B. Kenward, Clerk-Typist IIIFreda D. Shaw. Clerk-Typist I

Maxine Bramel, Clerk-Typist I

Emily Marie Hruska, Clerk-Typist I

CLERICAL SERVICESMary Cecil, Clerk-Stenographer IIIMary M. Sullivan, Clerk-Stenographer IIIEthel M. Henwood, Clerk-Stenographer IILyla Nofftz, Clerk-Stenographer IIReta Watson, Clerk-Stenographer I

Hazel V. Orr, Clerk-Stenographer I

Shirley W. Rice, Clerk-Stenographer I

Barbara J. Boas, Clerk-Stenographer I

Mary J. de Haan, Messenger-Clerk I

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICEGlenn G. Poor, In ChargeRobert O. Ellis, Automotive MechanicEverette Edwards, Automotive Mechanic

September 7, 1951

057TCUryio. lofr

CONTENTSPage

Introduction 9

Acknowledgments 9

Coal 14

Developments in 1950 14

Production in 1950 14

Production by districts 14

Upper Mississippi Valley 24

Eastern Interior basin 24

Cumulative coal production 24

Coal production in Illinois by counties and districts 24

Coal prices 24

Petroleum 32

National production in 1950 32

Illinois production 32

Reserves 32

I mports 32

Oil prices 33

Stone and rock products 39

limestone and dolomite 39

Commercial and noncommercial operations 39

Agstone used in Illinois in 1950 39

Cement 39

Lime 39

Ganister and sandstone 43

Clays and clay products 43

Clays, including fuller's earth 43

Clay products, including silica refractories 46

Refractories 46

Structural clay products 46

Whiteware and pottery 46

Sand and gravel 49

Silica sand 49

Other sand and gravel 49

Silica and tripoli 53

Ground silica 53

Tripoli 53

Fluorspar 54

Fluorspar, the mineral 54

Production in 1950 54

Shipments 54

Consumption 54

Imports 56

Stocks 56

Fluorspar in Illinois 56

Plant food materials. . 57

Potash deliveries 57

ILLUSTRATIONSFigure Page

1

.

Value of annual mineral production in Illinois 13

2. National production of bituminous coal, 1941-1950, compared with the 1935-1939 average pro-

duction 14

3. The six states which produced 84 percent of the nation's bituminous coal in 1949 15

Figure Page

4. Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississippi River 21

5. Map of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky coal fields showing the extent of the main mining

districts 26

6. Illinois counties having recorded production of coal, 1882-1950 27

7. Illinois counties having produced 100 million tons of coal, 1882-1950 28

8. United States and Illinois monthly rate of coal production compared, 1950 28

9. Coal freight districts of Illinois 29

10. Average mine value per ton of Illinois coal, 1941-1950, compared with the 1935-1939 average value. 30

11. United States exports of bituminous coal, 1941-1950, compared with the 1935-1939 average ex-

ports 30

12. Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region 31

13. Illinois producing oil wells compared with number of well completions, 1936-1950 34

14. New oil pools discovered in Illinois in 1950 35

1 5. Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1950 36

16. Source of United States crude petroleum imports, 1950 36

17. United States exports and imports of crude petroleum, 1940-1950 37

18. United States exports and imports of refined petroleum products, 1940-1950 38

19. Percentage consumption of fluorspar by industries, 1946-1950 55

TABLESTable Page

1. Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1948-1950 10

2. Value of Illinois mineral production, 1914-1950 12

3. National production of bituminous coal, 1941-1950 14

4. Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1946-1950 15

5. Production of bituminous coal, by districts, 1948-1950 16

f>. Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1946-1950 16

7. Illinois coal production by counties, 1882-1950 17

8. Coal production of all Illinois mines by type ot mine and by counties, 1950 18

9. Summary of amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, 1949-1950 20

10. Production of shipping coal mines by freight rate districts in Illinois, 1948-1949 21

1 1

.

Summary of data concerning Illinois coal seams 22

12. Mine coal prices per ton, December 1949-1950 23

13. United States exports of bituminous coal, 1941-1950 24

14. Coke and by-products used or sold by producers in Illinois. 1949-1950 25

15. Sources of coal used for producing coke in Illinois, 1949-1950 26

16. Illinois coal supplied to Illinois and Indiana coke plants, 1946-1950 26

1 7. Production of crude petroleum by states, 1946-1950 32

18. States producing 50 million or more barrels of crude petroleum in 1950 33

1(^. Illinois well completions and production, 1936-1950 33

20. Production of natural gasoline in Illinois and other states, 1949-1950 34

21 . Gasoline consumption in Illinois and the United States, by years, 1946-1950 34

22. Estimates of proved oil reserves in states serving the Illinois area, 1947-1951 34

23. Estimates of natural gas reserves in states serving the Illinois area, 1950-1951 36

24. Crude oil prices 37

25. United States imports of foreign crude petroleum, 1946-1950 38

26. United States exports and imports of refined petroleum products, 1940-1950 38

27. Limestone and dolomite, by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 40

28. Limestone and dolomite, by kinds and by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1950 41

29. Agstone used in Illinois, 1949-1950 42

30. Agstone used in Illinois annually, 1927-1950 43

31. Cement sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 44

32. Lime sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 45

33. Ganister and sandstone sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1946-1950 46

Table Page

34. Clays (including fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, by kinds and by uses,

1949-1950 47

35. Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950. . 48

36. Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 50

37. Silica sand sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 52

38. Ground silica sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 53

39. Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1946-1950 53

40. Fluorspar data for the United States, 1946-1950 54

41. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by states, 1949-1950 55

42. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by uses, 1949-1950 55

43. Consumption of fluorspar (domestic and foreign) in the United States, by industries, 1946-1950. 56

44. United States imports of fluorspar, 1949-1950 56

45. Ten states leading in use of agricultural potash, 1949 58

46. Agricultural potash deliveries in Upper Mississippi Valley states, 1949 58

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2012 with funding from

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali158vosk


WALTER H. VOSKUIL

Illinois' place of distinction in indus-

trial activity in the Upper Mississippi

Valley and the nation rests in no small

part upon its mineral industry. The pri-

mary materials of industrial production

—

fuels and iron ore, the latter from the Lake

Superior district—are available in abun-

dant quantities and are assembled for proc-

essing at a low cost on Lake Michigan

near the large market of Chicago and

smaller cities in the industrial belt. There

are abundant cheaply mined and good qual-

ity coals at points accessible to manufactur-

ing centers. In addition to this, certain

minerals essential to the processing of pri-

mary steel, such as refractory materials and

fluxes, are also present in the area, together

with a variety of mineral products for

foundry, chemical, construction, and other

uses.

This unusual and excellent endowment

in Illinois of industrial, mineral, and agri-

cultural resources offers opportunities for

production and employment that are vir-

tually unmatched elsewhere.

The wide variety of mineral production

in the state and the high rank of Illinois

among the states in the production of sev-

eral of these minerals (see table 1) indi-

cates Illinois' important position as a min-

eral producer.

The mineral industry in Illinois is a

source of materials for a wide range of

economic activities. Coal and oil, the twoleading minerals in value, supply power

and fuel for manufacturing industries, rail

and automobile transportation, and for

mechanical power in agriculture. An abun-

dance of sand, gravel, stone, and cement-

making materials contributes to the needs

of the construction industries. Not only is

Illinois an important producer of minerals,

but it also ranks high as a center for the

processing of mineral raw materials into

primary raw materials for the use of indus-

try.

Minerals for special purposes, such as

refractory clays and clays for pottery mak-ing, silica sand for glass and other special-

ized industries, are produced in important

quantities. Illinois maintains a leading

position in the production of fluorspar, a

mineral which is finding an important place

in the chemical industries. A summary of

the mineral position of Illinois is given in

tables 1 and 2, and figure 1.

Acknowledgments

This report is made possible through the

cooperation of the Bureau of Mines of the

United States Department of the Interior,

the Illinois State Department of Mines andMinerals, and mineral producers through-

out Illinois, who furnished information

regarding their operations.

Special acknowledgment is made to MissEthel M. King, who has assembled the

statistics for the report on stone, sand,

gravel, clay, and clay products, silica andtripoli ; and to W. L. Busch for aid in prep-

aration of the sections on coal, coke, petro-

leum, natural gas, zinc, lead, and fluorspar.

Each section of this report was pre-

pared in close collaboration with the heads

of the several mineral research divisions of

the Illinois State Geological Survey. Spe-

cial assistance and advice were contributed

by G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Headof the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist

and Head of the Oil and Gas Division; J.

E. Lamar, Geologist and Head of the

Industrial Minerals Division; F. H. Reed,

Chief Chemist and Head of the Geochem-istry Section, and G. C. Finger, Chemistand Head of the Fluorspar Division of

that Section.

[9]

Table 1.

—

Summary of Mineral Production of

Material Detail

tableUnit

1948

LineNo.

Quantity

Value at p antsRank among

states

Total Av. Amt. Val.

1 9

17

27,2831

32

33

343435

35

35

37

3636

38

39

41

Tons

Bbls.

M cu. ft

M cu. ft.

Gals.

TonsBbls.

Tons

TonsU

U

Eqv.tons

Tons«

Tons

Tons

Tons«

Troy ozs.

66,167,000

64,808,00014,062,00013,502,000

\ 148,627,000

$256,728,000

179,518,0001,730,0001,108,000

* 13,426,000

$ 3.88

2.77.123

.082

* .09

4

6

16

10

6

4d*12

7

4

1

4

1

2

1

14

14*17

4

2

Petroleum

Crude Oil.. 6

3

45

Natural gas—marketedNatural gas—used in fields.

.

15

8

6 Liquefied petroleum gases ....

Stone, rock products

Limestone and dolomite

*5

7

8

9

18,593,0427,875,758283,090

200

* 195,782,000

23,379,76216,078,4333,000,225

1,000

1.262.0410.605.00

3d* 14

10 *8

11 Canister, sandstone

Clays, clay products

Clays (except fuller's earth) . .

12

13

14 J261,205

262,8711,780,898

42,459,420

1,293,385

8,281,46917,200,53917,924,175

4.95

31.509.66

15

16

Clay products—refractories . .

.

Structural 4

17 Whiteware and pottery

Sand and Grave/

18

19 2,504,5285,738,4029,353,275

44,699,568

4,795,5694,133,6686,059,445

1.91

.72

.65

1

2071

Silica and tripoli

Ground silica

22

1-]

17,596,205

222,827

(e)

14,988,682

1,864,585

(e)

.85

8.37

4

1

24 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) . .2

25

26

222,827

172,561

12,9803,6954,047

1,864,585

6,322,246

3,452,6801,322,810

3,663

8.37

36.64

266.00358.00

0.905

1

VMetals

14

28 14

29 *17

Annual Mineral Production

30 — 4,779,153 —

31 — * 567,623,654 —

32

Minerals processed, but mostly not

mined in Illinois

Coke produced and by-prod-14

Tons 5,512,78193,229

66,229,000196,916,53724,798,9143,921,816

35.72266.00

44

6

3334

Pigiron produced 44

35 Miscellaneous minerals

Total minerals processed36 — 291,866,267 —

37 Total minerals produced and — *$859,489,921 —

* Revised figures.a Compiled from various sources, as stated in each table. See footnotes for each table.

b Estimated.

Illinois, Sold or Used by Producers , 1948-1 950 a

1949* 1950 c

Quantity

Value at plantsRankamongstates

Quantity

Value at slants Percentchange in

quantityfrom 1949

Percentchange in

value

from 1949

LineNo.

Total Av. Amt Val. Total Av.

47,630,000 $192,426,000 $4.04 4 4 57,282,000 $236,576,000 $4.13 + 20.3 + 22.9 1

64,501,000b 13, 500,000•40,000,000

178,668,000b l, 728, 000b 850,000

2.77b .128b .085

6 6 61,922,000b13,700,000b 12, 000,000

171,524,000b 1,822,000b 1,080,000

2.77b .133b .090

- 4.0+ 1.5

+ 20.0

- 4.0+ 5.0

+ 27.0

2

3

4

135,147,000 b7, 298,000 b .054 7 129,701,000 b 6,615,000 b .051 - 4.0 - 9.05

6

— 188,544,000 — — 181,041,000 — — - 4.0 7

17,300,1308,200,148

276,161830

21,328,69917,340,7823,197,890

9,378

1.232.1111.5811.30

3

7

3

7

18,027,6928,145,885367,485

4,081

21,762,65517,810,4174,465,413

11,781

1.21

2.1912.152.89

+ 4.2- 0.7

+ 33.1

+391.7

+ 2.0+ 2.7

+ 39.6

+ 25.6

8

9

10

11

— 41,876,749 — — 44,050,266 — — + 5.2 12

210,294 994,751 4.73 4237,957 1,178,017 4.95 + 13.2 + 18.4 13

14

214,2771,481,850

7,622,04715,077,84014,381,373

35.5710.18

253,0531,782,170

9,227,64818,707,75520,019,908

36.4610.50

+ 18.1

+ 20.3+ 21.1

+ 24.1

+ 39.2

15

16

17

— 38,076,011 — — 49,133,328 — — + 29.0 18

1,990,1226,767,4068,510,918

4,138,3365,007,3635,516,198

2.08.74

.65

1

4

1

3

2,322,6576,693,3708,665,421

4,958,3005,097,1665,888,906

2.13.76

.68

+ 16.7- 1.1

+ 1.8

+ 19.8

+ 1.9

+ 6.8

19

2021

17,268,446 14,661,897 .85 17,681,448 15,944,372 .91 + 2.4 + 8.7 22

217,577

(e)

1,887,145

(e)

8.67 1

2

1

2

263,122

(e)

2,278,237

(e)

8.66 + 20.9 + 20.7 2324

217,577 1,887,145 8.67 263,122 2,278,237 8.66 + 20.9 + 20.7 25

120,881 4,621,733 38.23 1 1 154,623 6,110,765 39.52 + 28.0 + 32.2 26

18,1573,8243,128

4,502,9361,208,384

2,831

248.00316.00

0.905

13

13

17

13

13

17

b 24,000b 3,000b 1,800

b 6,672,000b 750,000b 1,629

b278.00b250.00b 0.905

+ 32.0- 22.0- 42.0

+ 48.0- 38.0- 42.0

2728

29

— 5,714,151 — — 7,423,629 — — + 29.9 30

— 487,807,686 — — 542,557,597 — — + 11.2 31

4,912,81086,823

62,253,000204,815,04921,532,1045,051,666

41.69248.00

44

6

44

» 5,893,600>> 109,000

69,619,000b265,212,000b 28,340,000

6,652,589

b 45.00b260.00

+ 20.0

+ 26.0

+ 12.0

+ 30.0+ 32.0+ 31.7

32333435

293,651,819 — — 369,823,589 — — + 26.0 36

~1

$781,459,505 — — $912,381,186 — — + 16.8 37

c Subject to revision.d Rank among districts.e As there were less than three producers, production figures cannot be shown without revealing individual operations.

12 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950

Table 2.

—

Value of Illinois Mineral Production, 1914—1950 :

(Thousands of dollars)

YearMineral

production

Mineralsprocessed, but

mostly not mined,in Illinois

Totalminerals producedand processed

1914 $117,166114,446

146,360234,736271,244213,701373,926

254,019244,618282,761235,796231,658

237,242180,394188,099182,791148,311

108,06671,69374,83789,21296,484

117,916133,437130,155215,157287,327

333,225341,835337,912342,832344,267

379,673458,734*567,624*487,808542,557

$ 44,84382,871

130,082144,754149,74095,077137,228

54,13685,820142,13195,506118,702

119,642105,099110,622125,51689,303

52,01424,38534,78641,40557,038

78,693104,35950,48286,324114,814

168,338199,281221,939206,833193,658

183,491264,652291,866*293,652369,824

$162,009197,31715

1916 276,44217 379,49018 420,984

19 308,778

20 511,154

1921 308,155

22 330,438

23 424,892

24 331,302

25 350,360

1 926 356,884

27 285,493

28 298,721

29 308,307237,614

1931 160,080

32 96,078109,623

34 130,617153,522

196,609

37 237,796180,637

39 301,481402,141

1941 501,563

42 541,116559,851

44 549,666

45 537,925

563,164

47 723,386*859,490

49 *781,460912,381

Revised figures.

Compiled from following sources:

For years 1914— 1922, incl. — U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of United States.

1923—1931, " — U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Resources of United States.

1932— 1938, " — U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.1939—1950, " — Summary of canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U.

Mines, and from Minerals Yearbooks.S. Bureau

950

900

850

800

750

700

650

600

550

500

450

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

i

I

1

1

?!i\

'

iii \i

V1 i

A /k

/ \ /\

i

/ \ i

/ \//

V1 / 1 Vf i

,\ i ! *r--MINERA _S PROt)UCED'! AND PR J

/ 1 1

1

;

1

'\ r*. /

' ''i !

' \f

/ |j 1'/

I i\ r \ A1

. 1 \

i A 1\

/\ 1

\

'/

\

I 4/ /

/ /r / / /

J i' /

1 MINERAL ^ \ l1 PRODUCTION »-\ 1

***

\\ i

_i—i i i

—

Y~7

1914 '15 '20 '25 '30 '35 '40 '45 '50

Fig. 1.— Value of annual mineral production in Illinois.


COAL

Developments in 1950

In the latter part of 1950 new rail-to-

water coal-handling equipment was put

into operation by Rail to Water Transfer

Corp. in Chicago's south-side lake port dis-

trict. This is an important addition to Chi-

cago's port facilities in expediting the move-

ment of midwestern coals to northern lake

ports of Canada, Minnesota, Wisconsin,

and Michigan. The new machine can

load coal into ships up to the rate of 2,200

tons per hour. Annual tonnage at the dock

runs to some 2,500,000 tons.

Rail to Water Transfer Corp. is owned

by 28 coal mining companies and shippers

dealing exclusively in midwestern coals.

Bituminous Coal Research has reported

progress on development of the coal-fired

gas turbines for locomotive use. Research

on this type of prime mover has reached the

stage of testing in service.

Coal consumption by railroads dropped

off with the further installation of oil-

burning diesel locomotives. The change

from 1941 to 1949 to 1950 in use of coal

was as follows:

1941— 107,584,000 tons of coal

1949— 66,920,000 tons of coal

1950— 65,865,000 tons of coal

Production in 1950

The record of coal production through a

ten-year period of both war and peace is

reported in table 3. Production in 1950, of

512 million tons, is practically the same as

1941, of 514 million tons, although the

Federal Reserve Board Index of production

was 22.2 percent higher in 1950 than 1941.

Meanwhile, average mine output during

the decade ending in 1950, which included

the war years, was 560 million tons. This

is 9.4 percent above the output of 1950.

P 500 iliilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

Fig. 2.—National production of bituminouscoal, 1941—1950, compared with the

1935-1939 average production.

Production by Districts

Coal production by districts is shown in

table 5 for three years. Of particular inter-

est are districts east of the Mississippi

River which produce more than 90 percent

of the bituminous coal output. Although

competition among producing districts in

price areas is keen, there is a certain degree

of market specialization among the several

districts, based mainly on the characteris-

tics of the coal.

Table 3.—National Production of Bituminous Coal, 1941-1950*

(Thousands of tons)

Year AmountPercent

of changeby years

Year AmountPercentof changeby years

1941

19421943 ....

514,149582,693590,177619,576577,617

+ 13.3

+ 1.3

+ 5.0- 6.8

194619471948

*1949b1950

533,922630,624599,518437,868512,000

- 7.64- 18.1- 4.9

19441945

- 27.0+ 17.0

* Revised figures.

"Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.h Preliminary figures.

COAL 15

Districts 2, 7, and 8 (fig. 4) supply cok-

ing coal for the blast furnaces and also a

high percentage of fuel used for domestic

heating. These two markets are, in a

sense, complementary. Coal suitable for

coking is also excellent for domestic fuel.

The small sizes and screenings are used by

the coking market, and the prepared sizes

find a ready outlet as domestic fuel over a

large area.

Districts 3, 4, 6, and 9 (fig. 4) market

one-third or more of their output as rail-

road fuel, and the remaining districts dis-

tribute their output among manufacturing

Fig. 3.—The six states which produced 84%of the nation's bituminous coal in 1949.

industries, utilities, railroads, and retail

yards.

Table 4.

—

Bituminous Coal Production in the United States by States, 1946-1950"

(Thousands of tons)

State

AlabamaAlaskaArkansasColoradoIllinois

IndianaIowaKansasKentuckyMaryland

MissouriMontanaNew MexicoNorth DakotaOhio

OklahomaPennsylvaniaTennesseeTexasUtah

Virginia

WashingtonWest Virginia

WyomingOther States

Total

1946 1947 1948 1949 H 1950 1

16,183367

1,631

5,91463,469

21,6971,7882,493

66,5532,003

3,7333,7231,2802,555

32,314

2,647125,497

5,61856

5,994

15,527991

144,0207,635

234

533,922

19,048361

1,871

6,35867,860

25,4491,6842,745

84,2412,051

4,2363,1781,4432,760

37,548

3,421147,0796,258

61

7,429

20,1711,118

176,1578,051

46

630,624

18,801408

1,6625,631

65,342

23,8491,6702,53882,0841,661

4,0222,8981,3642,961

38,708

3,462134,5426,483

57

6,813

17,9991,220

168,8626,412

69

12,934434962

4,63647,208

16,5501,7252,031

62,583668

3,6472,7661,0042,967

30,961

3,02289,2154,172

496,160

14,584899

122,6106,001

80

599,518 437,868

15,130393

1,0164,28555,346

20,3701,9001,722

77,900500

3,0882,466

667c3,22036,946

3,050102,5005,100

206,340

17,700872

145,5655,860

44

512,000

* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Preliminary figures.e Includes South Dakota for 1950.


Table 5.

—

Production of Bituminous Coal by Districts, 1948—1950 a

(Thousands of tons)

1948 1949* 1950 b

District

Amount Percentof total



1. Eastern Pennsylvania2. Western Pennsylvania

3. Northern West Virginia

4. Ohio.5. Michigan \

6. Panhandle j'

'

1. Southern Numbered 1

8. Southern Numbered 2

9. West Kentucky

60,04677,21547,70638,708

4,754

60,483137,70622,39765,34223,8491,670

20,159

560,035

599,518

10.012.98.06.4

0.8

10.1

23.03.710.94.00.33.3

93.4

39,65950,65236,92030,961

3,707

41,508102,69518,02947,20816,5501,725

13,638

403,252

437,868

9.111.68.47.1

0.8

9.523.44.1

10.8

3.80.43.1

92.1

46,25457,42640,93336,946

4,220

50,342127,09622,00055,34620,3701,90016,168

479,001

512,000

9.011.28.07.2

0.8

9.824.84.3

10. Illinois . 10.8

11. Indiana 4.012. Iowa 0.413. Southeastern 3.2

Total—All Eastern Districts . .

Percent of U. S. Total

Total—United States

93.5

* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.h Preliminary figures.

Table 6.

—

Production of Bituminous Coal in the Eastern Interior Coal Field,1946-1950 a

(Thousands of tons)

* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Percent of total in Eastern Interior Coal Field.e Preliminary figures.

Year

Illinois Indiana West Kentucky

Total

Amount Percent b Amount Percent b Amount Percent b

1946 63,46967,86065,34247,20855,346

62.058.858.557.756.6

21,69725,44923,84916,55020,370

21.222.021.420.320.9

17,21122,18222,39718,02922,000

16.8

19.220.1

22.022.5

102,377

1947 115,491

1948 111,5881949* 81,787

1959 c 97,716

COAL 17

Table 7.

—

Illinois Coal Production by Counties, 1882-1950'

(In tons)

County Production Countv

Adams 46,186Bond 7,355,569Brown 57,324Bureau 48,274,097Calhoun 96,247

Cass 212,477Christian 185,382,537Clinton 37,648,217Coles 198,932Crawford 44,786

Douglas 331,460Edgar 898,955Effingham 796Franklin. 445,261,090Fulton 151,114,911

Gallatin 4,131,116Greene 621,697Grundy 40,066,536Hamilton 22,097Hancock 532,418

Hardin 40Henry 19,346,863Jackson 77,109,103Jasper 23,739Jefferson 6,548,215

Jersey 119,960Johnson 242,109Kankakee 2,304,119Knox -. 22,037,308LaSalle 65,451,192

Livingston 10,085,742Logan 14,085,371Macon 11,000,468Macoupin 255,340,335McDonough 2,634,755

McLean 5,544,139Madison 152,697,525Marion 38,352,203Marshall 12,515,631Menard 13,273,298

Production

Mercer 14,997,932Monroe 8,284Montgomery 77,860,091Morgan 190,523Moultrie 2,032,236

Peoria 64,150,659Perry 144,732,902Pike 5,081Pope 1,562Putnam 10,071,893

Randolph 61,640,014Richland 154

Rock Island 3,846,169St. Clair 209,332,133Saline 176,249,598

Sangamon 231,271,073Schuyler 2,842,687Scott 612,476Shelby 4,119,763Stark 1,226,502

Tazewell 17,522,855Vermilion 146,264,328Wabash 186,144Warren 679,794Washington 17,660,726

White 1,676,741Will 35,860,403Williamson 276,899,752Woodford 7,807,621

Total (1882-1950) 3,140,759,659

Estimated production(1833-1881) 73,386,123

Total production(1833-1950) 3,214,145,782

a Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals


Table 8.

—

Coal Production of All Illinois

(In

County

Shipping Mines

Numberof mines

Tons minedunderground

Tons minedstrip

Total tons

mined

BrownBureauChristian. .

.

Clinton

Douglas

EdgarFranklin ....

Fulton

Gallatin

Greene

GrundyHancockHenryJacksonJefferson

JerseyKankakee. . .

KnoxLaSalle

Livingston . .

Logan ......

Macoupin . . .

MadisonMarionMarshall

MenardMercerMontgomeryMorganPeoria

PerryRandolph. .

St. Clair. . . .

Saline

Sangamon. . .

Schuyler. .

ShelbyStarkTazewellVermilion. .

Warren. . . .

Washington

.

Will

Williamson.Woodford . .

Total. .

11

11

2

2

44

149

,375,600247,33190,479

9,154,688106,08162,139

154,237455,961499,042

19.617

3,301,3081,260,558226,531

746,046

340,526

1,926,346598,511

2,044,1403,414,3341,284,455

19,903

3,559,959

37,887,792

5,730,881

40,446692,523711,752

355,3331,219,193

2,984,8281,073,177754,182355,888

553,719

920,4111,076,793

16,469,126

8,375,600247,33190,479

9,154,6885,836,962

62,139

40,446846,760

1,167,713499,042

355,3331,238,810

3,301,3081,260,558226,531

746,046

340,526

4,911,1741,671,6882,798,3223,770,2221,284,455

553.719

19,903920,411

4,636,752

54,356,918

"Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals

COAL 19

Mines by Type of Mine and by Counties, 1950'

tons)

Local mines County totals

Number Tons mined Tons mined Total tons Number Total tons Percent of

of mines underground strip mined of mines mined state total

1 207 207 1 207 —2 — 31,113 31,113 2 31,113 .05— — — — 5 8,375,600 14.62— — — — 2 247,331 .43— — — —

1 90,479 .16

1 18,411 18,411 1 18,411 .03— — — — 11 9,154,688 15.98

25 153,697 100,120 253,817 36 6,090,779 10.63

9 9,019 — 9,019 11 71,158 .12

1 — 930 930 1 930 —

2 7,990 37,218 45,208 2 45,208 .08— —

.

— — 1 40,446 .07

2 20,188 — 20,188 5 866,948 1.51

7 37,151 3,426 40,577 15 1,208,290 2.11— — — — 2 499,042 .87

1 660 660 1 660— — — — 1 355,333 .62

1 93,082 — 93,082 4 1,331,892 2.3311 21,007 23,730 44,737 11 44,737 .08

2 — 7,267 7,267 2 7,267 .01

1 49,920 49,920 1 49,920 .09— — — — 9 3,301,308 5.766 229,087 — 229,087 10 1,489,645 2.60— — •

—

—1 226,531 .39

4 1,044 1,103 2,147 4 2,147 —

5 31,584 31,584 5 31,584 .06

2 900 2,844 3,744 2 3,744 .01— — — —1 746,046 1 . 30

2 — 9,069 9,069 2 9,069 .02

34 236,657 61,549 298,206 35 638,732 1.12

3 12,171 12,171 11 4,923,345 8.603 17,733 — 17,733 6 1,689,421 2.9513 139,194 802,720 941,914 22 3,740,236 6.538 46,727 — 46,727 19 3,816,949 6.665 213,957 — 213,957 8 1,498,412 2.62

10 20,434 25,987 46,421 10 46,421 .08

1 16 — 16 1 16 —1 120 — 120 1 120 —2 73,714 — 73,714 2 73,714 .13

19 149,489 56,125 205,614 21 759,333 1.33

1 2,996 2,996 1 2,9962 21,163 — 21,163 3 41,066 .07— — — — 2 920,411 1.61

13 132,751 7,272 140,023 57 4,776,775 8.341 13,843 " 13,843 1 13,843

(Other)

.02

.01

201 1,754,045 1,171,340 2,925,385 350 57,282,303 100.00

a

U -

3-° r^ oo W> NO * o u->-3 0^ rH CO U-> r- Tt" CN r^ COrt C

>"sOO Tt< CN no r- CO NO -*NO t-» ^~> NO CO ^=

«s «*CN T3

^s W-l W) O Tf VO oc 2 r- O oo — © CN o

oo cN © NO CO ON oCN CO NO NO o

 COco -Q (N Tf no ON rf CO oC 

4-. 3 ON ^H o r- Tf ,_ CN4^T3 no r- *f oo u-> -* ooCU O <* <-< SO oo r^ NO CN

£ a NO —

<

r- r- *-h ON r*1-1 "* CO CO lO

oI- 'V.

ON Tf CO or^ r-- O§-1

CO no o — CO •* u~\

CN CO

i

Zo

8J r^ On NO Tf NC o NOw-> o no CN CO NO CN s"rt K oo >-o CO OO o Tf

a. u> C ^ ^ no on r- NO CN ^>"i

LO w-i CN CO o> «A

< *. tW.

cd

'Bc- lO Tt< ON <-n scOS CO CN O NC r^

 vO CN NO —

<

oo o4-.T3 CO -H w-i CO * r-« CO ON f*

1'iTt< T^ oc —

1 CO -* COCN c~

i

^

jj

c

Et*.



ua

1 gg) R3 bp

g.S *rc

-cc 1

"5&g _1?c/n>_

4-

c—1- OB

1 'EC*)*-

-

>1 c/5 o <

Q"« °

2*c %

2 COs

"^"O^ 2"!

"o S2 e/a m.S o .*p-Sp >-

u ^"o.§

o « « t.

oo>D3CL,

COAL 21

Fig. 4.—Bituminous coal production districts east

of the Mississippi River.

Table 10.

—

Production of Shipping Coal Mines by Freight RateDistricts in Illinois, 1948-1949 a

>b

District

1948

TonsPercentof total

1949

TonsPercentof total

AlphaAugustaBelleville

Centralia

Danville

DuquoinFulton-Peoria. . . .

Mineral-AtkinsonMurdockNorthern Illinois.

Rushville

Southern Illinois.

Springfield

Victoria

Other

Total

88,351

8,559,061701,810153,994

3,356,5267,441,279694,720114,311

1,914,925127,308

22,558,84516,155,656

606,59721.029

62,494,412

0.1

13.71.1

0.25.411.91.1

0.23.1

0.236.125.91.0

100.0

111,80453,727

6,523,019150,629471,179

2,328,0095,416,449488,64475,953

1,200,42419,214

15,815,30611,750,655

364,0533,552

44,772,617

0.30.1

14.5

0.41.1

5.212.1

1.1

0.22.7

35.326.20.8

100.0

a Source: Illinois Dept. of Mines and Minerals for tonnage figures; freight rate districts from Illinois GeologicalSurvey Coal Map, 1947, by G. H. Cady.

b Subject to revision.

h-OvOCS ^w-i r- 0\(M^M r^- cn oo ©

« Ô CO wi t-i O io ^ OO COCO ^t^ÔN CN vo

rO

sC vO COCN r-i

r^-*

lOlHHVfl CO>

COr- rt* CN CO <—

'

<*1 CN r-

CN —< MOs CN

,-H Tf sC

XvDvDh _X co r- CO rf CO CN oo r-- Tf

CN CN OOvMCN OS 1 CN TfCO --> lOCÔMjv

1 t""-

CO CN \D COCN CO

«- CO CN CN rf ^H

 — ^ C w-> O ""f —* CN

£ o r- CO CO CN c '"H!

Ô

z «*. CN n 1ô e ^

s CO o

cto

Cfl_c

3 8£fN 1 1 ^

E LOo £ 3CN 1 CNU

i5CO rf" £ 1

"""*

^CDOs vC

o — W-i r-~ vo vo co r-- cn sc CN

r£ — cn CN — — >sC

CO CO

co

— w> CN oo

SO O d 1 coi* oc i

-CN CN

/.

Co

cCO

-acrtCO

3O_cJc

co

.. £ <Jbi •* 8 3

<-•— (/

"3ID

al«8

-aoa,

O#0J O ° ^ > "rt

<u C a.

-Q 3 C ^£ &? t ,°

EcoQcoc/"V. M s

Table 12.—Coal Mine Prices per Ton, December 1949-1950' 1

Southern Illinois: Freight 11,

Lump, Furnace ....

Egg, Stove ........

Stoker (domestic) . .

Stoker (commercial)

Screenings (washed)

Central Illinois: Freight

Lump, EggStokerScreenings (regular)

Belleville Illinois: Freight.

Lump, EggNutStoker (domestic) . .

Stoker (commercial)

Screenings

Indiana No. 4: Freight

Lump, Egg.StokerScreenings.

.

Indiana No. 5: Freight

Lump, EgcStoker. . .

.

Screenings

.

West Kentucky No. 6 (washed): Freight.

Stoker (domestic) . .

Stoker (commercial)

Screenings


LumpEggNutStoker (domestic) . .

Stoker (commercial)

Screenings


EggStoker (domestic) . .

Stoker (commercial)

Screenings

New River and Pocahontas: Freight.

Lump, Egg, Stove.

NutPeaMine run

E. Kentucky, W. Virginia High Volatile: Freight

BlockFurnaceEggStoker (domestic) . .

Stoker (commercial)

1949

$2.97

5.25 — 5.505.00 — 5.255.75 — 5.904.75 — 5.254.90 — 5.00

#2.64

4.85 — 5.054.50 — 4.903.75 — 4.20

$2.51 —#2.64

4.855.50

4.25 — 4.50

$2.51 —$2.81

4.50 — 4.754.25 — 4.75

3.75

$3.30

5.80 — 5.955.15 — 5.30

4.95

$3.30

4.604.504.35

4.00 — 4.15

$3.30

4.504.75 — 4.904.50 — 4.654.00 — 4.15

$4.44

7.75 — 8.257.00 — 7.257.00 — 7.257.25 — 7.60

#4.25

7.10—8.256.60 — 7.756.05 — 7.757.25 — 9.006.25 — 7.25

1950

$2.97

5.55

5.90

5 . 605.306.105.155.15

#2.64

4.75 — 4.954.50 — 4.70

4.00

$2.86

4.50 — 4.754.50

4.65 — 4.904.50 — 4.80

4.00

$2.51 —$2.64

5.005.25

5.505.504.25

$2.51 —#2.81

4.25 — 6.004.50 — 6.004.25 — 4.50

$3.30

6.055.505.50

$3.30

4.25

4.704.604.354.854.254.25

$3.30

4.25

4.605.004.504.25

$4.44

7.75 — 8.506.75 — 7.257.00 — 7.757.50 — 7.75

#4.25

7.00 — 7.756.60 — 7.356.00 — 7.007.25 — 8.25

6.50

a Source: Chicago Journal of Commerce.h Freight rates to Chicago, per ton. Add 4 cents per ton federal transportation tax. Freight rates as of December.


Table 13.

—

United States Exports of Bitumi-

nous Coal, 1941-1950 a

(Thousands of tons)

Year Amount Year Amount

1941

19421943

19441945

20,740.522,943.325,836.226,032.327,956.2

19461947194819491950 1 '

41,208.668,667.045,930.127,842.125,468.4

a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mine*.h Preliminary figures.

Upper .Mississippi Valley

The Upper Mississippi Valley coal mar-

ket area includes Illinois. Indiana, Wis

consin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, the

eastern Dakotas, and Kansas. The coal

marketed in this area comes from the East-

ern Interior coal field in the states of Illi-

nois, Indiana, and western Kentucky, and

from the Appalachian districts of Penn-

sylvania, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky,

and Ohio. Coal is distributed by rail, rail-

lake, rail-river, and truck.

The coal requirements of the Upper

Mississippi Valley include fuel for domes-

tic heating, fuel for general industrial pur-

poses, fuel for rail transportation, and coal

for the manufacture of metallurgical coke.

Competitive conditions for the several pro-

ducing districts in the Appalachian fields

and in the Eastern Interior districts of

Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky

vary from the keenly competitive industrial

and railroad fuel markets to the less com-

petitive domestic fuel trade and by-prod-

uct coal market.

Eastern Interior Basin

Table 6 shows coal production in the

Eastern Interior coal basin for the years

1946-50 inclusive. The production history

of three competitive districts in Illinois,

Indiana, and western Kentucky and the

contribution of each to the total produc-

tion of the Eastern Interior basin from 1913

to 1942 are shown in table 4 of "Illinois

Mineral Industry in 1942." 1

Cumulative Coal Production

Table 7 gives cumulative coal produc-

tion for Illinois, by counties, for the period

1882-1950, as compiled from the annual

Coal Reports of the Department of Mines

and Minerals, with an estimate of produc-

tion for the period 1833—1881. Sixty-nine

counties have a recorded production during

this period. Eleven of these counties pro-

duced more than 100 million tons each,

the highest recorded production being from

Franklin County with a total of 445,261,-

090 tons. (A history of coal production by

counties and by years was published in

"Illinois Mineral Industrv in 1947," 2 table

14, pp. 26-37.)

Coal Production in Illinois by

Counties and Districts

Forty-five Illinois counties, grouped into

14 freight rate districts, produced coal in

1950 (table 8). Thirteen of the 45 coun-

ties produced one million tons or more and

account for 89.7 percent of the output of

the state. Production by shipping coal

mines by freight rate districts is shown in

tab'e 10. alues increased from 1949

to 1950. In 1949, the average value of

coal at the mine was $4.04, as compared

with $4.13 in 1950. The total value of

output increased from $192,426,700 to

$236,575,900 (table 9).

Coal Prices

Representative coal prices for Illinois

and Indiana mining districts and for dis-

tricts in the Appalachian province, which

are the principal suppliers of the Illinois

coal market area, are given in table 12.

Average prices of coal per ton at the mine

in the United States are shown in figure 10.

1 Voskuil, Walter H., Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv.

94, i(m.

- Vorkuil, Walter H., Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv.

140, 1949.

COAL 25

8 Sb-3 §£«- C rt c on Vfc- ^H

CN CN

S3 I I

+ +I I

CO ^- CO I Tf ON

CO

+++ I I !

VOOOX^

++ I + +

<5 »>*a £2:CO oCN r-H

tOOXO^Ô

++ i

OOooriNooCN O <N

CO

+++ 1 1

1

r- t-h oo o cn rf

CO

+

O CN Tf CN

u-> vo O ^

++++

r-oooon

<

on oo r^--H ON CN

I i I I I

-I

I I I

CN CO <o i-H oo t-h

CN CO O ON O ON

O ONr- cn

OO l-<

on cn co r^Ô t-h r^ O

OO O CNO >-oON OO

&

ON Th O *vO Ô tJh^h cn on co r^ r--ON CN CN

vO r-H O —

<

O CO OO sC^> ô ^f r^

uo CN i— it-h

*—i -st" CN On

rf ON CO CN-<f OO vo CN

Ô ON Tf

OO CO

cn r^

cn"^"

On On tJh T-t

~0 I

! I

I I

r- r- -f ô ô oSO OO Tt 1 r^- CN CNoo CO ON CO O

C CMCN ^CVO CO

rf I

U1

o oON ON

vr> o vo CO Ô i—

i

ON OOÔWlO h CN T-H

Tooeler-oor^ cW» T^ <-0 CO

ON OO CN CO ^

cco" oc *-•

o*-<

<H CO

oj , _ *d

O O O.-UUU^

CO CO*-> J-!

OJ oj

£ BCJ o

QPu ooy " cc c 5& § 2

•S.S &CO co'G£ C rt

Q-OU

CVaf

«3 P S.~ 52

I"SsSeac u2 w

3 3-a-do o

^ o S-,

C C ^ >^ U, U U l~

'£ S o O O O3 3 C/3 VI VI (7!

I) 1) D U l) U_^ ^ _Lii ^ ^ Jô o o o o oUUUUUU

o o

O

_3 O

C/5 .—

1Ô coy.

oo

^ >3'-Ca- rt

OJ >cu'E

S.5P


Table 15.

—

Sources of Coal Used for Produc-ing Coke in Illinois, 1949-1950 a

Tons of coal

1949 1950

Arkansas 4,833274,03378,283

1,784,1401,451

29,6521,149

72,4082,172,580

243Illinois

Indiana

KentuckyOklahomaPennsylvaniaTennesseeVirginia

West Virginia

437,925

2,229,818

70,56524,855123,744

2,430,447

Total 4,418,529 5,317,597

Table 16.

—

Illinois Coal Supplied to Illinoisand Indiana Coke Plants, 1946-1950 a

(In tons)

To ToYear Illinois Indiana Total

plants plants

1946 214,545 176,205 390,7501947 226,873 225,907 452,7801948 261,338 344,153 605,4911949 274,033 256,661 530,6941950 437,925 128,375 566,300

a Sour U. S. Bureau of Mi

Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.

sIOWA

j ILLINOIS \l

i

INDIANA '

7>>^ 1

m 1

YyyA. '

^ fnP m i

MISSOURI \ if

\ \r

%W\vfj B^\, KENTUCKY

" If~,—

Fig. 5.—Map of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky coal field*

showing (in black) the extent of the main mining districts.

COAL 27

Counties havingrecorded production1882-1950

*mCounties having production \\ \&p-in 1950

Fig. 6.—Illinois counties having recorded production of coal, 1882-1950.


Fig. 7.

—

Illinois counties having produced100 million tons of coal, 1882-1950.

Fig. 8.—United States and Illinois monthly rate

of coal production compared, 1950.

COAL 29

Fig. 9.—Coal freight districts of Illinois.


AVERAGE MINE VALUE PER TON- DOLLARS

o

Fig. 10.—Average mine value per ton of

Illinois coal, 1941-1950, compared with

the 1935-1939 average value.

Fig. 11.—United States exports of bituminous

coal, 1941-1950, compared with the

193 5-1939 average exports.

COAL 31

Fig. 12.—Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region showing cumulative averagedegree-days (based on data through 1941). Degree-days are the number of

degrees of temperature that the average daily temperature falls below65° F. totaled for the heating season.


PETROLEUM

National Production in 1950

In 1950, crude oil production in the

United States increased to 1,971,845,000

barrels from the 1949 production of 1,841,-

940,000 barrels. However, the high mark

of the domestic industry was set in 1948

when over 2,000,000,000 barrels was pro-

duced (table 17).

Illinois Production

Illinois production declined from 64,501,-

000 barrels in 1949 to 61,922,000 barrels

in 1950, although the state continues to

hold sixth place among the oil-producing

states of the country. Table 19 shows thar

recent declines in Illinois production have

developed in spite of the increased number

of well completions.

A history of oil production and drilling

activity for the period since the new fields

were discovered is also given in table 19.

The new fields discovered in 1950 are

shown in figure 14, and Illinois production

from 1905 to 1950 is shown graphically in

figure 15. The sharp rise reflects the open-

ing of the Illinois basin fields in 1936.

Reserves

Estimates of proved crude oil reserves

have again increased in 1950 due to newdiscoveries and extensions, as well as revi-

sions of previous estimates (table 22).

Imports

Crude oil is imported into the United

States mainly from South America (fig. 16

Table 17.

—

Production of Crude Petroleum, by Staphs, 1946-1950'

(Thousands of barrels)

State

AlabamaArkansasCalifornia

ColoradoFlorida

Illinois

IndianaKansasKentuckyLouisiana

MichiganMississippi

MontanaNebraskaNew Mexico

New YorkOhioOklahomaPennsylvaniaTexas

Utah.......West Virginia

WyomingOther States

Total . .:....

1946

38028,375

314,71311,856

57

75,2976,726

97,21810,578

143,669

17,07424,2988,825

29336,814

4,8632,908

134,79412,996

760,215

2,92938,977

84

1,733,939

1947

39629,948

333,13215,702

259

66,4596,095

105,1329,397

160,128

16,21534,9258,742

22940,926

4,7623,108

141,01912,690

820,210

2,61744,772

124

1,856,987

1948

46631,682

340,07417,862

290

64,8086,974

110,9088,801

181,458

16,871

45,7619,382

215

47,969

4,621

3,600154,45512,667

903,498

16

2,69255,032

83

2,020,185

1949*

46229,986

332,94223,587

441

64,5019,696

101,8688,801

190,826

16,51737,9669,118

33047,645

4,4253,483

151,66011,374

744,834

637

2,83947,890

110

I950 b

73531,108

327,62723,353

487

61,9229,942

107,58610,301

209,116

15,811

38,2588,1121,547

48,001

4,1433,333

164,89911,812

829,231

1,2082,788

60,45768

1,841,940 1.971,845

* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Preliminary figures.

PETROLEUM 33

and table 25). Venezuela is the largest

contributor, followed by Colombia. Imports

of oil from Curacao and Aruba are re-

exports of crude oil originating in Vene-

zuela. Of particular interest is the recent

rise in shipments from the Persian Gulf

area, especially from the small principality

of Kuwait.

Oil Prices

Crude oil prices for the Illinois, Indiana,

Kentucky, and Ohio area, as recorded in

table 24, remain unchanged from those of

a year earlier.

Table 18.

—

States Producing 50 Million orMore Barrels of Crude Petroleum in 1950 r

State

Production(thousandsof barrels)

Percent

of U. S.

total

TexasCalifornia

829,231327,627209,116164,899107,58661,92260,457

42.116.6

LouisianaOklahomaKansasIllinois

Wyoming

10.6

8.45.5

3.23.1

Total 1,760,838 89.5

a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.

Table 19.

—

Illinois Wisll Completions and Production, 1936—1950 a

Year Completions' 1Producing

wells

Production (thousands of barrels)

New fields ° Old fields c,

d Total e

1936 93449

2,5363,6173,755

3,8072,0171,791

1,991

1,763

2,3622,0462,4892,7412,894

52292

2,0102,9703,080

2,9251,179•1,090(20)1,229 (12)

1,094(15)

1,387 (17)

1,102(22)1,316 (21)

1,447 (32)

1,328 (23)

2,88419,771

90,908142,969

128,993101,83777,58172,94670,839

70,17461,45559,62358,57155,688

4,5424,3044,0044,678

5,1454,7534,6754,4674,371

5,1235,0045,1855,9306,234

4,4451937 7,4261938

19391940

1941

24,07594,912147,647

134,1381942 106,5901943 82,2561944 77,4131945

194619471948

75,210

75,29766,45964,808

1949* 64,5011950« 61,922

* Revised figures.a Source: Illinois State Geological Survey.b Includes only oil and gas producers and dry holes.c Production figures based on information furnished by oil companies and pipe line companies.d Includes Devonian production at Sandoval and Bartelso.e From the U. S. Bureau of Mines.f Figures in parenthesis refer to number of producing wells included in total which bad previously been completed

as dry holes.» Preliminary figures.


4 000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

-

—Y Completions

/ /

/

J/

\ \\ \\ V

•

If

1

1

y— Producing

L -^wells ---

11

1

Si-

Fig. 13.—Illinois producing oil wells comparedwith number of well completions, 1936-1950.

Table 20.

—

Production of Natural Gasolinein Illinois and Other States, 1949-1950 a

(Thousands of gallons)

State 1949 1950Percent

changefrom 1949

Illinois 135,147 129,701153,84375,1833,2834,326

616,823

- 4.0KansasKentuckyMichiganOhio?Oklahoma

111,18868,0543,6285,160

524,398

4 38.44- 10.5

9.5- 16.24- 17.6

Total 847,575 983,159 + 16.0


Table 21.

—

Gasoline Consumption in Illinois and the United States by Years, 1946-1950 a

(Thousands of gallons^

1946 1947 1948 1949* 1950 b

Illinois total 1,643,91930,076,662

1,810,447 1,970,90432,732,722 35,519,670

2,089,19437,515,278

2,279,60840,613,400United States total

Percent of U. S. total consumed in Illinois in 1950 5.6

* Revised figures.u Source: American Petroleum Institute.11 Preliminary figures.

Table 22.

—

Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in States Serving theIllinois Area, 1947-1951''

(Millions of barrels)

State 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951

Illinois

KansasLouisiana

351

545

1,652543898

11,646589

355563

1,791530953

11,778679

393674

1,869552

1,25012,484

716

468738

1,910592

1,33013,510

692

564732

2,185New MexicoOklahomaTexasWyoming. .

.

592

1,39713,582

841

Sou American Petroleum Insti Figures as of January 1

PETROLEUM 35

* ' 1

L_,

J

\

t--r-

I

.- i

i

. i

I

w

»,*»

i_

~r—

t

WA,

ie1 * 'vji•

i' *w

12-

JANUARY I. 1951

ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.— .^t ,i

Fig. 14.—New oil pools discovered in Illinois, 1950.

1

.

Ab Lake West2. Bartelso East3. Calhoun Central

4. Calhoun East5. Cantrell South6. Carlyle North7. Claremont Gas8. Ellery West9. Enfield

10. Flannigan11. Hord12. Inman South (consolidated

with Inman West in 1950)

13. Kenner South14. Kinmundy15. Livingston South16. Long Branch17. Marion18. Omaha West19. Orchardville

20. Oskaloosa2 1 . Patoka West22. Reservoir23. Ritter

24. Roland West25. Whitiington Soutl


Millions

of

Barrels

-

o

o

o

o

05 1915 1925 1935 1945

Fig. 15.—Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1950.

Fig. 16.—Source of United States crudepetroleum imports, 1950.

Table 23.

—

Estimates of Natural Gas Reservesin States Serving the Illinois Area, 1950-

1951 a

(Millions of cubic feet)

State 1950 1951

Illinois 233 192 229,893Kansas 14,089 560 13,790,834Louisiana 26,687 811 28,533,266New Mexico 6,241 003 6,990,670Oklahoma 11,625 979 11,634,287Texas 99,170,403 102,404,077

Source: American Gas Association. Figures as of Jan-uary 1.

PETROLEUM 37

Table 24.

—

Crude On. Prices'

Indiana—Kentucky—Ohio

Bowling Green, Kv. (Owensboro-Ashland,7-1-49) .' $2.42

Butler Co., Kv. (Owensboro-Ashland, 7-1-49). 2.55Cleveland, O. & Others (S. O. Ohio) 3.10Clinton Co., Ky. (Ashland O. & T.) 2.60Corning, O. (Seep, 5-6-49) 2.70Eastern Illinois (Ohio Oil) lc below ScheduleF

Hitesville, Ky. & Others (Carter) 2.77Illinois Basin (Ashland O. & R., Gulf, Mag-

nolia, Ohio Oil, Shell, Sohio, Texaco) 2.77Indiana Basin (Ashland O. & R., Sohio) 2.77Lima, O. (S. O. Ohio) 2.90Loudon, 111. (Carter) 2.77Mattoon, 111. (Carter) 2.77Plymouth, 111. (Ohio Oil, 7-1-49) 2.44Ragland Grade, Kv. (Ashland O. & T.) 2.43Somerset Grade, Ky. (Ashland O. & T.) 2. 83

Southern Illinois (Mohawk) 2.77Western Kentucky (Sohio) 2 . 77

a National Petroleum News, Vol. 43, No. 5, January 31,1951. (Prices effective as of December 6, 1947,except as herein noted.)

Fig. 17.—United States exports and imports of crude petroleum, 1940-1950.

Table 25.

—

Imports of Foreign Crude Petroleum, 1946-1950 =


From 1946 1947 1948 1949* 1950

Colombia 8,3515,198

115

2,869

69,533

10,9445,125

111

5,578

275

75,499

8,5424,7074,507

7663,4423,601

14,46689,062

11,678613

1,107341

23,4454,797

12,05799,648

16 159Curacao and Aruba 611Iran 111

Iraq

Kuwait 26,74112,307

116

14,650107,019

MexicoQatarSaudi ArabiaVenezuela

Total 86,066 97,532 129,093 153,686 177,714

Revised figures.

Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.

180

160

140

o 120

100

80

60

Table 26.

—

United Slates Exports and Imporiof Refined Petroleum Products, 1940-1950 a


Year Exports Imports

19401941

78,97075,59283,073108,615173,378149,985110,687118,12294,93886,30776,237

41,08946,536

1942 23,6691943 49,5791944. . .

.

47,5061945. .

.

39,2821946. .

.

51,6101947. . 61,8571948.

.

59,0511949 81,8731950 131,435

Source: I 1. S. Bureau <>f Mines.

Exports

Imports

MHaO_c\Jr0'3'if><0r*-C0CD Oo>o>a>o>o>o2o>o>o202 o>

Fig. 18.—United States exports and imports of refined petroleum products, 1940—1950.

STONE AND ROCK PRODUCTS 39

STONE AND ROCK PRODUCTS

Limestone and Dolomite

The limestone and dolomite sold or used

by Illinois producers in 19^0 amounted to

18,027,700 tons, valued at the plants at

$21,762,600. This was an increase of 4.2

percent in amount and 2 percent in value

over 1949. Details by kind and by use are

given in tables 27 and 28. In general, pro-

ducers reported an increased demand ; in

some instances, however, higher costs of

labor, plant maintenance, and transporta-

tion curtailed production.

Stone for industrial uses declined 6.2

percent in amount and 8.4 percent in value

from 1949, while stone for construction

uses increased 10.9 percent in amount and

10.3 percent in value over 1949. Percent-

age changes in both amount and value of

the detailed uses of stone are given in

table 27. Of the total stone sold or used by

producers in Illinois in 1950, industrial uses

constituted 40 percent and construction

uses totaled 60 percent.

A number of the smaller plants closed

down during the year, some temporarily

and others permanently. Several new oper-

ations were reported, and a few quarries

changed ownership. Of the 186 plants

reporting in 1950, 9 percent had discontin-

ued operations and 13 percent w^ere idle.

Commercial and NoncommercialOperations

Commercial operations are shown sepa-

rately from noncommercial operations,

which include the following: State of Illi-

nois, county, township, municipal, and

other government agencies. Purchases by

government agencies from commercial pro-

ducers are included in commercial opera-

tions.

Noncommercial operations in 1950 in-

creased 29.1 percent in amount from the

previous year, and produced 1.2 percent of

the total tonnage of stone sold or used by

producers in Illinois in 1950. Of this stone

98 percent was used for concrete and pav-

ing, the balance for other construction.

Agstoni<: Used in Illinois

Reports of producers show that agstone

(ground limestone and dolomite) used for

soil improvement in Illinois during 1950

amounted to 4,225,200 tons, valued at the

plants at $5,351,600 (table 29). This wasa decrease of 16.3 percent in tonnage and

19.6 percent in value from 1949, an aver-

age decrease of five cents per ton. Illinois

continued to rank first among the states in

the amount of liming material used for soil

treatment.

Agstone continues to be an important

factor in improving soil fertility. Thedemand for this mineral material slackened

sharply during 1950. Some producers

ascribed this to higher operating costs anda drop in farm price payments. Agstone

produced in Illinois and marketed in other

states increased 39.5 percent in amount,

and the tonnage produced in other states

and used in Illinois showed a gain of 8.2

percent (table 29).

During 1950 agstone was produced in

45 of the 102 counties of the state. Ofthe agstone used in Illinois during the year,

96.5 percent was produced in Illinois.

Table 30 shows the use of agstone on

Illinois farms during the years for whichfigures are available.

Cement

During 1950, sales of cement by pro-

ducers in Illinois amounted to 8,145,900

barrels, valued at the plants at $17,810,400.

This showed a slight decrease of 0.7 per-

cent in amount from 1949, and an increase

of 2.7 percent in value over the previous

year (table 31).

While the quantity of cement sold or

used by producers in Illinois in 1950 fell

short, by more than 50,000 barrels, of the

all-time high established in 1949, the value

sets a new record.

Lime

Sales of lime by producers in Illinois in

1950 amounted to 367,500 tons, valued at

1

S*CU

On

OSw-) CO o C\ «o in CO O *t OtSOM^ oc wo so c- oc c

cc '—| OsO^t^-OOOOssO oc OMHO I 1 CN y—< OS C î c CN>

£^r)-H(s ^^)co nvOrt I 1 OS CN CN Tf

£>-** CNOh u

.5o

! +++ 14-14-' ++++ 1 ++ 4- +4- +

E ^3 OsvncO©r^CNr^-CN«J-> CN (Nt^r-^ Tf r^ o o> o»- CN

O£

~* OO'tn^^^vD VC ôi^dh- 1 1 r^ cn co c "* o^ •Ê rt

s1-H CN i-H Tf <—1 OO CN CN O r-+

\ 1 OO CO CN CN<L>X « CNOh «

co

1 +++ 1 + 14-

1 ++++ I ++ 4 4-4- 4-

ooo'oo^nN^ r- Tf OO — i CO O CNCOCO r i—i OC i—

i

c/) > M O (N MX) vD 0\ t^ r- —' r~- os ~-< o 1 osocn CN t^ CN

c < _ ,_, ^h rf noon — 1

,_ ^h ^ in ^hrt ** W».

o & ^pHU1h.^^HTt<M ur OSCNCOOOÔ CNvO-*1 C so o> »n>-o io^vOvO'vDiTnOnM VC CO^DVO'^'CO CO^hOS O^ Tt C vr»os OS

|

r- oo I--, rf oo —' os oo -c o cn r^- os h(sio o^ vr> r- SOcd

_3^cooo'ooO't^ <* CO v* O Ô S^^^'-D r** r^. »r- cn"

,o oo os cn r- cn *-n VC oo \o -*1 co tLs T-1w-> o~ OS sC so

-rt H CN -<f Tf OC lO vC C-hOO oo ~

<-n i- r^K*" oc O —i <-"

CN CN

/.—i,—iu->oou-iOr-so C" 000^^" <5 CO^DOO a vo {^ CN

5 OÔsOcoOsvoco c Tft^.Tt«^HCO ^H>sO>>D ir- r^ — OSooor^r^cNOôô C "O OS i—i Tf w-) oo O vC OO oc so

t^n-trîoo oo -t os r^ -^ r- C^-^cNt^- C U-> r- r»"CO OS O t-i CN "* c OS O oo OS CL< OS o> CN

3 -H ,-H SO CN r-H c- CO CN O CN \D VC OO CN o3

rt< ~h VC OS — r-- CO

<5

-

Ô ON O 1

nvOMvO CN •tw^-rt isor^r- r- to <x COCO -< 1 f OO .—i CN I

»-i c CO Tf

£k

CNOtoOscococosO c Tf cn u-> o o o r- ^^ CO CN COC/i > oooir-cNos-O"*' "* ^ r» os cn 1 1 \o oo î cn r-> CN

c < ~* ~-< *-* uo ro rf CO• • -II • •

^J ,_;

rt <«. «*.

"3- ooOOsooOsoOoo o> CN OO t*< CN \D CO >J-> ~H OC OSo on t^ vo r^ tf i^ io c ION — ^ vo CN OO SC CO sC OS04 v^^hO^'O'hM'O r- t^vOOOT}* ur, vo ^^ o> oo oc SO

rtD Tj<r-iCOCNOCNvOLO sc vO \D CN Tfi 1 c^r^- CN —

<

oV OO9 O SO -hCOOO^'hO ir f^ CNrt H vr> CO CO r^ 'f * O ^ VD CO 'O oc CN Z CO

H> SO «-H o> oCN CN

*Os

«fe t**

SI

S OOt^-ôcooococo 0> r^ vr> CN CO CN OS CO u-> »y- O2 OSOSOOCO^Ô-hOO i^wônoo r-- vo r- OO Tf CO

tî—< oo Os •<*< Os m co f^ O oo Tf o oo r^ oo 5 O^C^rî^(Mirioonr- CO CN Tt< co" 1 1^*^ CN ^D oc vCW 83 vo Tf CN *-* OO — 1/ tnorîn 1 t_-co so N- CO vC

3 OS O "* -* ~ r~ OO —h Ô CN vr, U" CO

E tf f-H vc oo C r— 1^

<*"

'

*^

si

5—O •—

' OO 1 CN i-O CO OSCN O vo <-n ^^ 1 1 \o ô "f c «o sC -

so 1 CN -h CN I 1 —

l

e* r^ oo-CEh

::::::^_ c "3

rt c3 c3 rt rt rt rt 3 rt es ci rt "rt

o.2 cj . cj cj cj cj cj cj u CJ cj cj a o CJ1_ — l-l_^-l_l-J_U

83 £CU rt £o£SSSS£ £o £ £og £ £ £ £ £5-T c1- £c££££££ X

4- £c££c££££ X £ ?JC

OOOOOOOO c 0O00O0000 c o cuZuuuuuu cc uZuuZuuuu X US2 03

yC/5

<La

CX M «.

ry. c•

u

a

oil

/

£ £ c.2

3

C.2

Cc c.2.c i

^3 *-3 ' nj? « cs 4. CJ

3 CJ c/

cS a;

C•2

allurgical

mical

uses

estone

wh

halt

filler,

cellaneous

er

industri

<2 T3 T3 —

2

u 3c acH S

<->

« c4.

Cc

C

4-

c

Constru

crete

an

crete

an

road

ba

u c

COCJ

MXSi

c

'H

O c

"c5 "r; 4-i 4-

> o c) oH

ft ft t> £ £ o..^-c h gg^.&.&clflJ'-S< < >- u _ *T > o 1 L L PC & cc oc a Ci c

«5 .5

M 1

sI

E 23 TC ii

'S 3

« 'E. î_

d

^ g "1

s -^

^3 .

C cncn 0)

*> o

XI 3 C13 k co«l03

E

4J °S

4)™

MflJ O

*j cn >» u.2 e o.°

c^ O « u

—. u. O. m •— <j

^3 ca S *•

sill'

i CL> *J CD CU CU OJ

IT3 0-OT3-0-013 3 3 3 3

STONE AND ROCK PRODUCTS 41

NX)—

On OC1 J^ I CO W") TjH Tf r 3T >/-

1nO OO LT r>

-h CN oo C 1 c- 1 t—i r^ On t+4 r- o c 1 c ^H O> —

' 1*~

' 1 1?*> rm

1 — f-i 11

N^ ,_

< (ft- \ II 1 l^.

di4-1 nx> r->- <N \c 1 »— 1 NONONO On On -«t -* oo r» «-oas On r- <n i- -H^-nOnD OC 1-H t- OnCD

_3,

On On (NO" 1 CN t*h vo CN «t T-H Tj- >-0

oS h 1 ^ 1 1 OO11 r- 1 On t*4 nX) CO 1 1 CO CO Tf rf CO ,^- r^

rt o (N 1 On 1 ! nCC ^ Tj"*r4/(N|1 1 r-H O r- nX> rf o

> H oo O r- 1 r» 1 OOrÔl c NO T- ooCD

r- 1 \D OCO^ T3 - .0

B

o

w*C/5

a CN Tf CO nX vr u~> r-» On no OONh <r^ .-H r- oo

a o ur> Tf sO »J- >— 'tr-NONO n-o o r- C rf l>*-' CO ^- OO oc <N nîNO-H CN CN O CN OO vr T?

~4-J 0\ 1 (N 1 1 r-> v£ NT ^M^nO I I r+n CN O NX On O CMc VO 1 h | 1

0\C -— nOOnOh1 1 OC f> On O On

3 w-i On *-H r> O 1-H O c OO N— OO »«

£ r- VC rH » On OTJ '— JS -^<

1 h 1 vo 1 1 Tf c 1 CN l^- ^ ^H ^ | 1 CO CO nX rh CO <* r-vO 1 II •sC CO i—

1 1 4 NO nx;

£

lOOÔ^^K ^C •J-) On O CN C OO I>- X NX *o t^ LOtyj > co o "+1 r~- oo on w- c^ ^ O CN ^ C 1 CN NX) o I- cN C CN

C < i-h v-I t-h'

rf ^* Tt »-H rH N—I I—I N—1 •

Tf CN r- t—i i— ,_;

_rt ««. «^

"Hh4-1 XrHOOt^ÔVC '* CO W-N Tf OO >sC o» c NX OO CN oas iOr-ioo\OvO^C >J- CN OO On OO C OO W-N. Tt c CN c*- NX

u , ,t^ oo t^ -t OO 0\ o- ir- oo r- o \c Ohr ir -*1 NX c

_3 OSr^ CO CN «^> CO W-> r- co vD Tf CO .Z~~ T—i 1 1 f> c^ TtH C U-N.

rt O >-o o (N in- vn i— c^ CO i-t On *—

i

-^ NX S CO o LO

C > £h -+ T+H T*H U" O OO CO r- On Oo cO~ ^t CO u~ oC &r- NX ^ c TfJ o Tf r-H W1 O CO OO OC 1

—

ooNi^'Ntr NnÔ" vr CO Tt r-*-/ On oo \o r~- CN t^ nx OC 1 CO CO "f CN CN NX) c Tf O CN <N

c )>- CO CN I— w-i OO t- r^ Tf<lClOOr-< C^ o r- NX) O LO

3o

Ô OOOhM- co i—i r~~ oo _ c 1

— COw> CN nX> — vC 1 CO CN c- On CN

£ CN r~ 1 co -t r- r-

< « <~ M

-c/5

aS

On CN Tf 1 CO CN Tt C 1 i^ 't ^ i^ r-1 <0 xf *- O C4 Tt nx;

VO 1 r^ Tf r-H , u- IN- »-

s

£ —

i

1

u ° 5 as rt rt ci a: aS aS "rt oi tS s "aSqj ..-

cm*, ti 'o CJ CJ CJ o c o o u CJ <J o c CJ>o 2I- r- 1- fc. L- 1~ J-

<u c <u <u oj oj a-

J- r- J-i '— r-<U C <U 1) c

J— 1— I— L_

aj £CU CD CD a.

^ a £ 8 £ £ s £ £

£ c £ £ £ £ £

£ O £ £ C5 o 3 g o£c£Ec £ £ £ £ £ c

£ co -f £ £ £ £-c -C|

o o o o o o c c o o o o c o o o c c o c oU2UUUUU cc UÛU^ UUU'nw cc U2 PQ

5(/

V

_ OJ 1 D

/a.

CLa2

C

•I,-/ y

en

-ac

oc fe % .2»-

! 'on

pavinpavin

c.2

CJ

3

cc g

C C.2.S*4J 'Z.

c.«

lrgical

:al

uses

Dne

whaneous

n njT3TJ3 gCD <La cu B

1! ^ C C oS J~. c o c (A

^3 4J OJ

"7S^j oS oS _c

R £ £"3coo b.

Cj c 2 "rt"a: ~H

^2S^£S^ c ° u u J a cnj s s s

crO C o

oj

<cc

] b

<£E

-V

c Jcc

C Z

C 1

(Gc

O.CC

5 nU3 a

o <_, 

UXI

J3 *->— re o

: c d .>—

<2^

!v. (j j_> . >>-, « re

"jz E .-a -a-o u u jy u uN o o-Q o cu"*"~ -° **" **"

41 U U P c c a a

B-S

a en

>. Mre <u <u u 4) a; vc j3 -n -a -o -o -a •

t- 3 O U U O (J3^ c c c c c

. . c ".

Percent

hange

iamount

from

ON CO tJh W-i C CN COOn

ITN |> NO ON r- OC NOOn ^< c1—1

1 1 1 4 7 +o

vo NO oo oc oc r> 1^C/J > CO -H CN CN CN ON CN

c < -H T—

1

l-H — 1 ^es t«= ^.

a4-1 ON NO LO OC r> OC w^ca NO ON NO tJ- NO OO1)

_3

_^ W> ON W") Tj" Tfr w^rto i-i —

' r- ON l-H oc c~vr> as O no cn OO OC C <* vr>

ON > — Tf oc CN CN — CO

C^v* w-> wi LTl

«*= t«.

O CN cn r-~ in CN I>4_, nO w-i ^H C C nC NOc f^ c~. l-H W-l NC »y-

11^H ON ^H (~~ r^ r^- LOr^ nc Tf \C r^ <* CN>-o >-n CN

< rN i-H Th <* "*

s.

Cca

l-H ^H CN H t> — COr- no CO — c^ TjH

s

CN 00 CN C CN NC CN^ —

1

CO c~ C~ COC/) >

<fjC '/, Wea i

pJJ ON ON OO U-. C^ W-| OOes CO l-H u-> CN c~ <*

u_3

_ or- r- <* e Tfrt O vn LO On NO ^O ^h"

i3rO CO ro no wn O -<* wn

> p <0 CN w-i u-i NO

•^CN no"" NO NOtft. fA

On

ON ON^H o — 0> OC l>*-h nC C~ r>

c r- on NO x-0 c WO3 g t-~ r- u-> w c NC NO

W) ON UO Tf c^ *O oc ON ON o< CO — <* Tf VO

-v)

nO w> l-H OC 3oo r- NO < r-

s

a"cc

c

y X <AI I

(U'5

1 / c/ X 3tn u "c cbo< 'J

.c cd

.S

Jh a XID

•_3 c c3v. V

'5c

^T a c

*5I ^ -c O— (U

in

Iston

mite 8*x £ 1

C

c gp

x « c 2 « X X "rt

a£ O3JC -ai- 5 c HX es X XO c co s- k£ r- a a

si

CLAYS AND CLAY PRODUCTS 43

Table 30.

—

Agstone Used in Illinois Annually,1927-1950*

Ye;

1927192819291930

1931

1932193319341935

193619371938

19391940

1941

1942194319441945

19461947194819491950

Tons

647,155565,001947,798868,426

268,874164,933227,466491,644379,555

1,114,4661,310,5131,251,2631,497,4582,365,663

3,084,8553,866,5683,236,4774,214,6004,287,568

5,595,6995,380,4115,427,087"5, 046, 517

4,225,167

Value

$ 579,639511,005843,693740,785

241,376140,969165,667319,604268,139

871,8621,279,9811,247,1501,318,1731,999,580

2,873,5363,600,3133,175,1084,388,8864,627,705

6,262,2476,683,2107,234,190*6,651,4485,351,585

Av.price

per ton

$0.90.91

.89

.90

.86

.73

.65

.71

.78

.97

1.00.88

.84

.93

.93

.98

1.041.08

1.121.241.33

:

1.321.27

* Revised figures.a U. S. Bureau of Mines, 1927-29; canvass by Illinois

Agricultural Association 1930; canvass by Illinois

Geological Survey, 1931-1950.

the plants at $4,465,400 as shown in table

32. Of this tonnage, 90 percent was quick-

lime and sintered dolomite, and 10 percent

was hydrated lime.

Total lime increased 33.1 percent in

quantity and 39.6 percent in value, an

average increase of 57 cents per ton. Sin-

tered dolomite and metallurgical lime

amounted to 70 percent of the total lime

sold or used, and lime for chemical and

industrial uses totaled 28 percent. Underthis latter classification is included lime for

water purification and softening, sewage

and trade-wastes treatment, insecticides,

fungicides, disinfectants, petroleum refin-

ing, glue, lubricating grease, paper manu-

facturing, tanning, and for other purposes.

Ganister and Sandstone

Ganister is a siliceous material found in

Alexander and Union counties in southern

Illinois. It is used for refractory purposes.

Sandstone and miscellaneous stone are

produced in various parts of the state for

road work and for foundations, riprap, and

rubble, mostly in noncommercial opera-

tions.

Total sales and uses of ganister, sand-

stone, and miscellaneous stone by producers

in Illinois are given in table 33.

Clays and Clay Products

Clays and clay products (including silica

refractories) sold and shipped by producers

in Illinois in 1950 were valued at the plants

at $49,133,300, an increase of 29 percent

over the previous year. This figure exceeds

by 9.9 percent the all-time record of 1948,

when sales and shipments totaled $44,700,-

000. Clays and clay products again hold

the position of third largest mineral indus-

try in Illinois, ranking next to coal and

petroleum.

All groups in the clays and clay products

classification contributed to this outstand-

ing record, as shown by the following per-

centage increases in value over 1949 (tables

34 and 35):

Percent

Clays 18.4

Refractories 21.1

Structural clay products 24.1

Whiteware and pottery 39.2

The two chief factors in establishing this

all-time high were the increased demand of

the construction industry for these types of

material, and the almost 100-percent coop-

eration of the producers in submitting their

figures; only two producers failed to report

on 1950 operations. Of the plants report-

ing, 86 percent were operating, 9 percent

were idle, and 2 percent had discontinued

operations.

Clays

In 1950 clays sold and shipped as such

amounted to 238,000 tons, valued at the

mines or pits at $1,178,000, an increase of

13.2 percent in quantity and 18.4 percent in

value over the previous year, as shown in

table 34. Clays used by producers in the

manufacture of clay products at their own

c1 1

Percent

hange

iamount

£ On

-°20.6

17.4 12.81.5 1.0 1.6

15.20.7

+ 1 1 1 +o

TJH r— CN U-l LO VO NO ON> H NO- H^ -H

a < CM C 1 CN (N CN CM CM <Nci ^= *^

cL4J vo >riT*H rt co ^ NO r-~rt On fÔ CO O coco ^h

__, no CN (N <N — ^ CM ^rto cm On co O On i-h On o

VO "rt O w> On nO CN On CNOO r-h

o> > r- NO V)vO On rt "f CO CO

rt" — NO 1 NO-< r-

t«= 1 '6«J=

rt On rt t"- i-< NO On ô4-1 CN rf no CO rt—

< O O CM y-On go CO

C '> or- co«

5fl o or- NO O Tt< r- VO5 rt CM OO iO C) CN C- rt

oo cm r- oo o NO W-1 -—

i

< J «vo 1 r-

1

r- CO

r.

C "f rt c 1 rt rt Tt Tt rt

s

r- co nc ON O On O »—

<

> q «^c o c O vr «—

i

r,

CM CM O CM c> CN c> CNC Cfl «9«rt

ft4-. O to wr O rf NO NC (M« CO CO — CO CN o r- OO

J5

__ CM ON w- r- rt co -t ^rtj «N »> ^ «2 NO O CC >-o C VO W" ?o CO O w- rf CC no r~-

• H O r- cc NO Tf CO1 ~

Tf r- NO NO r- r-

On#* «*

c on CM CC Tf Tt ooj_, CO NO CC r-- nc O rj rtC e —

' CO rt On cc ~ c i—

i

8.

4-

A r- r- cn NO O r- c OS on r- c r-- cn Tf LT o

r- cm o On <N r^ rt CM

NO r-» t-N CO

C/J

c -* rt c rt rt rt rt rt<

rt

s1 1

Ih

C>Îh

Cocr.

rt

Elu

rt oj

IU VjC

T3 oj £C u

3c si!

0J CC

D OiJj; k

11C C o

H u E Hc <-> 1/3

c3 «J V)

*.. a OJ

CD CD HH *l

^5 Z.**J oP 3 2

T3 O

Sw O^<" 0.v£)_

° c a t

<U v.

mi

c 1

rcent

nge

itount

C ON 9.449.4 10.2 37.4 44.5

0.0 QCOCO

CL> c« fc1 ++ 4- +

u

*—i ON vr> so CN OS -tf u->

C/2 > OO CO tJh ,- vo OS C T—

<

s < ©CN r- i CN CN --I o CN

OS

"o,*#. '^.

4~> VO TfH U-> rf O O\ o COOJ r^ rt< so oo aif) CN »-H

<D , ,so o cn os so r- Tt Tj"

a!o 3 TjHTjH\D Til 1 rHOt) c LOu-> 3 o r- r- oo co "f oc> c SOOS > H •*- r- o !

c) Tt TfH

CO Th i*

«%1

m.

oo ^ © CN 1 O c) c LOO -"f oo co 1 co O lt OOc os i-h so r~- co Tt< r- rt v£> CO 1 C) c soCN CO 1 co

<

,flJ 1

c/}

c CO vO Tt SC CO C) c sOcd

Oh

sor^ c o OO SC OC ooCN OS SC u~ r- Tf Tt w-^

03

< r-i^H C i— r-i y— ,_crt «% TW.

atJ OS CO O- ^H OC a oas CN CO OC ur CO C c- OS1)

J3

, ,

OO Tf oc fH SC r- ooas

u~> CN C o> r» r- OC r-"as o oo lo sc o- cn r- a OS

> H O sC

cn"

r^

oc T-H

co"

On tfi. «*.

T»H

osco cn r-- CN Tf W o^CN OO CN c O o CN so

c so -^ r- "t CO tJ- r-~

3

1-

nr-T-H cn i- CN CN ^t so

5 t— sc r}- c «*• r-CN CN

<

xic«

c *«JT+ sC CO c- c^ sort

Oh

<L

s

51*

"EPS3 — 1

D a.

T3 vf 5C

s "S

T3c

T3 C 'ui

"X3 aS hz

C£ « 54-1 CC

'§"3

and

sint

ng

lime

ed

doloi

chemic;

4JX

.sis .1

imeuildi nter rher

"o •«4-1

C 2* 3J= o-SCQc^C J— H H.v>

§ $

^ s


Table 33.

—

Ganister and Sandstone Sold orUsed by Producers in Illinois, 1946-1950 a

YearAmounttons b

Value at plants

Total Av.

19461947194819491950

8,33616,299

200830

4,081

$10,90018,7571,0009,37811,781

$ 1.301.15

5.0011.302.89

a Summary of joint canvass made by Illinois GeologicalSurvey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.

b Includes ganister for refractory purposes, and sandstonefor road work and for foundations, riprap, and rubble.

plants are not included, but are reported

in the resultant clay products in table 35.

Fire clay totaled 223,400 tons, valued at

the plants at $1,145,200, and amounted to

93.8 percent of all clays shipped. Shale and

surface clay are grouped under one heading

because fewer than three producers reported

sales of each of these types of clay and sepa-

rate figures could not be shown without

revealing individual operations. For the

same reason kaolin and stoneware clay are

combined under "other clays." No pro-

duction of fuller's earth was reported for

1950.

Clays for ceramic uses totaled 91.4 per-

cent of the total clays sold and shipped in

1950, and that for nonceramic uses

amounted to 8.6 percent. Nonceramic uses

include clay for fillers, bonding foundry

sands, and modeling clay. Table 34 shows

in detail the percentage changes in amount

and value from 1949, by kind and by use.

Clay Products, Including Silica

Refractories

Clay products, including silica refrac-

tories, sold and shipped by producers in

Illinois in 1950 were valued at the plants

at $47,955,300, an increase of 29.3 percent

over 1949, and 10.5 percent more than the

all-time high record established in 1948. In

this group are included the following classi-

fications : refractories (clay and silica),

structural clay products, and whitewareand pottery. In 1950 refractories repre-

sented 19 percent of the total value of clay

products sold and shipped, structural

clay products comprised 39 percent, and

whiteware and pottery amounted to 42

percent of the total value.

Refractories. — Refractories, clay and

silica, totaled 253,100 tons, valued at the

plants at $9,227,600, an increase of 18.1

percent in amount and 21.1 percent in

value over the previous year. Firebrick

and shapes comprised 84.8 percent of the

total value of refractories sold and shipped.

Under "other refractories" are included

Hue liners, grog, and zinc retorts and con-

densers.

Structural clay products. — Structural

clay products amounted to 1,782,200 tons,

valued at the plants at $18,707,800, an

increase of 20.3 percent in quantity and

24.1 percent in value over 1949. All types

of structural clay products, except paving

block and drain tile, showed substantial

increases in both amount and value over

the previous year. "Other structural prod-

ucts" include facing block, haydite, and

ground shale building block.

Whiteware and pottery. — Whiteware

and pottery sold and shipped by producers

in Illinois in 1950 were valued at $20,019,-

900, an increase of 39.2 percent over 1949,

the largest percentage increase of the three

classifications in the clay products group.

Whiteware and pottery also comprised the

highest percentage of the total value of clay

products sold and shipped in 1950. Under"porcelain and other whiteware" are in-

cluded chemical stonewTare and porcelain,

electrical porcelain, and unspecified prod-

ucts.

Table 35 shows in detail the percentage

changes in amount and value from 1949

for the various types of clay products.

QW

(fl

cin

K onC/3 "T*

Q55

ON

c><

QJ c/T

C/3 DX ><

H ce

g< QW

gw fcj

3 Wta ><

oM

x wQ n

fe

o -55 J

ON 1

. .c

rcent

nge

ialue

19 CO ON Tt

oc

on r~- ^~

on co r~

r-

O oonna T— rf r- Tt CN r->

cu rt > £+ 1 1

4 ++ 4" 4 1 +1

o. .

c. . T*

rcent

nge

ilount

19 no on ctJh i—i vr

co O nC

) OO NO -<t

coc

CN

CO(N rfri nC i— O) r- o c i—i

oj rt £ £ + 1 1

-4 4-1 4- -4 1 +

CO NO i- ur NO O NC r^ oc woc/3

l-H ^O C O NO ON c CN — ON

C < VlHf ^* *rtf Tj- CN ^rt t«= eft.

O HnU-| *J n'OO' I> cN CO "tf o oc r-»ON rt i-h r- T- ONr-- o vr vj- »-H1—

'

cu ,(N NO y- C u-l OO c ur ^ o

_3ci

5 ut) vn t- cx r- wi Tt r- c oort o T^ ^H r- r- CN CO NC CN w- r-> v

r-* -a OO o O

CN i-t -tf r- oo Tf r- o oc r^»-o co r^ ir oo r^ -<t c ^ VO

C CO ^ 1- O" >nooa Tt u- ON3 2

S 2

~ *,

co On w r^ NcoC r- c 1--

CN -O c r- t-h o i- CN coCN r> t-H CN CN1

<

-O

C/3

C ON CO ^ Tf iO tHa CN LT •**—<

CU

>~r, r-l c C ONOl C c U" COtA > NO w-i fN l^ ONf^ C NC ir r-

c < t^'t-h a "* co^r <T C ^rt «* «*au o ^r> no rfi c c oc i—i

rt -HVCh vr ^ ON Tf oc NC <j->

 r-> on w-> r- CN •«* r~-

_3 ci ^ ^ NC •«+ ^ ^ rf cr ^rt o tOMC o> U^ CO ^r 5 ur ON> H OO r- o« >-o NC r- ON

ON

ONi—1 NO "^ Tt ^t Ovih CN CN Tf

on cn r- O" co r- r^ OC i

—

ONC cn cn r- CN Tti O CN r^ >-r CN3 co

a 2

^

ON NO Tj" c oo O oc NC cr or^- t-h ^~ CO CN — o c »-H

CN ^H CN

<

1

Cfl

C O Tf Vv-l c^ NO CO -<t Tf 1 COcd

1

^Oh

1

-o "Cu <u

Cu CuCD p- ft</-.

D 1c

i

1500

T3C

-dE V C/3 +_

o c3 C

V 'J C75

£j rt"

03jf)

Vu a rt

-ac (J

t: -d-r: = Z 2c

ramie

Refractories

.

Structural

pro

Whiteware

anCJ <y "o

L2UCJ

-/3 a"5

11.

OJ

CCL

C

*~CL

CJ

"3

crc

e2

PiJ3s 3 ^>

oON

t! 3o ha u

2 £

t!-a «S c 3

«>,*«)

Si-*** C o

=3 OS C O^

O

il-

g M « nl-O cC"u &-rj O

> o m o n„,-

C O. > *i ciO u

<j e -n T —g-2bS

eg m a) « d a^

C j0-U"OT3"Og C 3 3 3 3

C/3 ^ _ ^^ h- —

w cONTf 1

c "T W OS Tfri wo wo rt otsc) © © © —l OS T-H r^ cn co vo vo o c ©(U ^ !-l

i, C «

*"""

© OS CO Tt -H(NC> Os oo vo r^ 1 co -<f 1Tf 1 Tf as oo cn o o Os

CN Tf c> c> Tf r-H _ CN t-h rf CN 1 CN <N 1 1 CO t-h vo CN C" o CN(U « > E

oO

+++ "f- 4 + + 1 + 14-4- + 4- 1 +4-++ 4- 4" +

c fll c

OSTfOS COO'OOC 1— o t—i r-» OO OS © 'f SO CO

8|gCJ

T—l

so vo CO O oc O t-h vr -h © vo sO 1 sO ©I I I I I I

1 11

1

E—i CO OC <— co c CN t-h t-h CN 1 oo CN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

+++ 4- 4 4-4-1

4-14-4- + +

oo O i-h C SC 1 OO OO oc wo T-H wo T-H vo ©K > © CN CN C Tt WO OO CN CN CN OS OS 1 CO lo

1 1 1 1 1I

1 1

1

1

C < inoi'+h sc OS CO Tt OS t-h CN © CN © i i i i i i 1 1 1 1

©vo

CO vo vo CN c t-h co vc HHIO CN t-h

"fvON- oc hOh •^ © © OS CN wo r«- co vo Tf as oc T— 00Os tf VIOOVO^ ^ t^-H^ Tf SO Tf wo wo wo CN wo OO © CO C T— CNt-h

CJ

_3t ,

l-^ Os OS s SC r- O *— Os co OS co t- r^- rf wo wo SO t^ O c COrel ©'Wr^'V r- oo oo — r^ co co so 1 so r^ ^CN 1 CN © © CO O

C^CN 1 Tf CO OS CO t-wr CO

c3 o co cn r-~ o> CN CO vO © wo CO so 1 Tf © wr CO

> H WVOlOr- CN r- os r-~ co os t—i wo r~- CO CO OO Tf © c Or~- o OO *" CO T-H T- T- oo —« co co OS CN r~ OS

CN Tt Tf«* tft.

Tf CO <N Tt k OS Tf oc wo wo © r^ c ©nr^ôoc w<- r-~ co i— Tf T-H Tfl CN Tt r^

c CN Os so — c . CN \o co r- t-h oo t-

3O£

FV "->»>»<KMnOh c a vo so R CN © cn r~- 1 o cn"1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11O CN T-H ,-H W/~ O^'t o oo cn r- co sc oo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-~, CN CN •<; -hh ^h -î

— r-»

< -~

ctf

r» Tf r- Tt CN t^ vC — os r^ •* Tf 1 sc CN |VO 1 Tf Tf CO C wr r> VOn i-h NHH | Tf 1 1

sc f*

Dh

CN Tf O CN Tf co c^ co -^ OS so sC OOc/) > OC^r WO 1

rHlOÎ h h (N C 1 vc T-H

11 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1

c < Tf oo O vn w/^ MCh OC CN © © C © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

tf CO «0 VO r- c- ^ CO <* T- T— CO C T-H

"ft«Q.

4J OS CN t-~ 0> r> OS wo c •H-i wo OS Tf OC © VO VO t-h CO OO t— C c03 CN SO vo Ov Tt oo Os c^ t-h r-- Tti oo t- Tf r^- © vo os vo a r> sc

CU i

LOOOÔO c r-H WO r-> T-H © OO CO Tt OO r- os oo oo t-h r^- c^ CN ©^_3 re!

4-> co r-- cn r- r OS OO ^h OS rf as r- 1 h r^- CO CO^© © CN 0> so"S3 o © vo © >o CN OS CN CN Tf CO —1 1 Tt r~- vO CN ÔS t-h CO vr< oc OC r-> H WO sO Tf sC — "f so so so OS CN © CO © Tf CN SO SC cr © ©

V0 r> vO •* © T^ T- wo t-h CN CO vo t- Tt r- ooOsTfOS

c^ COW4 'It

1

T—

1

OO wo OS wy- (-« OS CN OC SO VO OS CN OC ©r~- co r~- oc r^ O sc f> h-THf^M wr wo

c t-h co Os r- CN . OO © CN Tf t-h Os C OO3OE

r, <-) ~ ~R ,_ ,-h r^ c- Tt SrHlO R l-» wo CN OS | h ,—

1

11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1oON'- O TjH T*< O t-^ CO SO CN C oo1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CN •^ CO ^h ^ CN t-h Tf

< ~ ~

t/3

Ctf

OO Tf f^ Tt CN Tf Ô 1—1 OO © Tt1 WO 1 Tt CN CO CO 1 CO Tf CN Tf sc oc soCN t-h CN CN t-h

1 Tf 1'sC r^

Ph

OX)

c"o.O o

C/J

0J a3 ^ a

V tfc

z2 u

£J3 g £ 'AC

v* ^blt.t

cu4-

cc

3

O^5C

*•>re

wt

Ih Ofu

<s v

o

c<u

E ^^3

Ou- Oh

OaIh

oIh rvvo

^ re!

u, MCO CU

°H"rei^4-1

OH

3

actories,

clay

and

Firebrick

and

sh

Plastic

and

casta

Cements

and

mo

Other

refractorie

.i

Ct

wt

u

"re

£R

fcL

c-r

->

3>*3

V

D ^'4-

TI.Su> re

° i:

"5

c

r

Sewer

pipe,

flue

Terra

cotta

and

Other

structural

i3

Ih

to

teware

and

potter)

Earthenware

(flc

Stoneware

£"Ecu CO

o b tftgjGuy.

J3 c *rel .—i j.

^-C re

S.E3 re

Si

tHJ

IE

"S

ch

9

£c

J

CE-

^^S 1

"I*

S oOcJ5

13 -O

-a.=

£ o

H

SAND AND GRAVEL 49

SAND AND GRAVEL

Silica Sand

The amount of silica sand sold or

used by producers in Illinois in 1950 totaled

2,322,700 tons, valued at the plants at

$4,958,300, as shown in table 37. This

was an increase of 16.7 percent in amount

and 19.8 percent in value, an average in-

crease of five cents per ton. Illinois ranks

first among the states in the production of

this mineral material.

Silica sand is used almost entirely for

industrial purposes, and less than 1 percent

of that sold or used by producers in Illinois

was for construction work. Glass sand

comprised 44.5 percent of the total tonnage

and 42.7 percent of the total value of silica

sand sold or used in 1950. Steel molding

sand reflected the highest percentage in-

creases from 1949—26.1 percent in amount

and 32.5 percent in value. "Other silica

sand" includes sand for unspecified uses

and that undistributed by the producer.

Other Sand and Gravel

Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel

sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1950

amounted to 15,358,800 tons and was val-

ued at the plants at $10,986,100. This

was an increase of 0.5 percent in amount

and 4.4 percent in value. The average

value of 72 cents per ton exceeded last

year's average of 69 cents, which was the

highest recorded since 1920.

As in the past, producer reports on the

sand and gravel business varied greatly

according to local conditions. Some stated

that the demand was good, prices were

higher, wages up, and that there were no

strikes or labor troubles. Others reported

that the demand for sand and gravel had

fallen off due to the lack of sufficient funds

by government agencies for highway main-

tenance and the promotion of new road-

building projects. Credit regulations and

a shortage of cement, increased production

and transportation costs were also reported

as factors in slowing down production.

Of the total tonnage of sand (other than

silica sand) and gravel reported in 1950,

3.9 percent was from government-and-con-

tractor operations, which includes sand and

gravel produced either by the state of Illi-

nois, counties, townships, and municipali-

ties, or by contractors expressly for their

use. Purchases by government agencies

from commercial producers are included in

commercial operations.

"Other sand" amounted to 6,693,400

tons, and was valued at the plants at

$5,097,200, a decrease of 1.1 percent in

amount and an increase of 1.9 percent in

value from 1949. Construction sands com-

prised 95.7 percent in amount and 92.3

percent in value of the total sand (other

than silica sand) sold and used in 1950

(table 36).

Gravel amounted to 56.4 percent of

the total tonnage and 53.6 percent of

the total value of sand (other than silica

sand) and gravel sold or used by produc-

ers in Illinois in 1950. It totaled 8,665,400

tons and was valued at the pits at $5,888,-

900, showing an increase of 1.8 percent in

amount and 6.8 percent in value over 1949

(table 36).

Total sand (including silica sand) and

gravel amounted to 17,681,400 tons, val-

ued at the plants at $15,944,400, an in-

crease of 2.4 percent in quantity and 8.7

percent in value over 1949. Of these

totals, industrial sands comprised 14.7 per-

cent of the tonnage and 33.3 percent of

the value; construction sands totaled 85.3

percent of the tonnage and 66.7 percent of

the value. Percentage changes in amount

from 1949, by kind and by use, are given in

table 36.

Of the 185 plants reporting on 1950

operations, 10.5 percent had discontinued

business during the year, 1 percent had

changed ownership, 10.5 percent were idle,

and 78 percent reported production. Eight

new operations were listed during the

year.

so co o as r-cn Tf oo r- OCO *-« OS ^h o

CN CO

r-1 oo

I +

SO Ovo SO

SO COO

ooOs ooCO Os

"f oo

SO

+ I + I I I

CN CN CN SO Ô OS(NrOCSrHOOso rf o »o r- so

OS tJ< O rt* O OS

OS CN CN CO

OS ^f rf O CO ÔM^viONOOso w> u~> rf so vn

oo so os r^ ^h ^-<

CO Ô "ti Os o cnOO VO Tf SO r-l

co" CO

r- so

CO ^n

CN OsOS <N

I

. . . .

•* <N r- oo os1^ LOON OÔ lo cn oo so

t*5 o r- oo os—> — oo so O

lo O co *-* <—

'

so r~-

sO OSO CN

OO CNOS

r- so so t^~ -<tt oo"f o r^ co so soso oo so O CN r--

OS vo OS "f rf CN^n co so CN i—i i—i^ O Tfl CO^H

-H OO Oso —iCN rf

O CN so co co -"fCO Os so co OO i—

i

<f OO CO CO v^*> CO

r^ u-i oo r^- Tt< r--r^ so <*< os co oo>0 CO SO SO r—I

c- u

£ ££ £o ouououu

R

cQ <-, rt

?i £

^ O C 3

S rt <l>"-

:zwo

T3T3C Cca rtC/3 C/i

>% >% c£ £ rt

£ £ C3

t; o « DC bX) ^

bX) bC rt rt "dC C bX) bC gSJ SJ .^ .„ »1 (]JT3'

^^ > > r3.3 3 rt rt rt

CO CO Oh Oh (*

C/2 1/3

c c

 > •

rt ciS

i- i_

oc bfi .

4J OJs- i-

3 3 .

4-1 J-

<J o '

3 3 •

y-st y-stavel

rt rt f„ £ ^ M

rt > :3-C3 3 rt ti & *->

.O > «J

o

SAND AND GRAVEL 51

r- rj1

H OO On1

t vo

-+1 t-- 1—

<

i—i v/i ©ra r4

+ + + +

ON ^H OO CN v£ CN\D w> vo r- v> P-

oo ex5 VO xf 0<3 CNvo tJH O i—1 w n. r^ON ON On vo vy> ©Os ex5 OO O vr> NOoo ON OO vo C -) OOvo ri OO vo c5 ON

vo vo © ©,—l 1—1

r». tiH , I r- t|vo vc5 CN "*< T '

OnCO C3 Tl< r- c) r^

—« ^1 VO VO c) oo

r-l V1 vo vo C> VOi—i w1 VO r^ vc3 CO

oo OO TjH »o*~H 1—1

OS - O Tf ,- LOT-i C3 VO CO c) NO

vo C VO On C> OnO vc vO

'

1

vO vc NO

vo c oo r-H C i—l

vo ^t On CN Tt o>CO oc 1—

1

tJh _ vo

vo O VO r- vc COvo vr »—

1

co oc CNOTt vo O Tt vo

LO vo o ©,"H ^H

CO w- oo CN f> ^On O .-< tNvO CN On r- o CO

r^ <r O CO rf OOrh vC ^- r-~ C r-~r- r- vo Tfl OC CN

r^ oo * LO1—1 1—1

—i c 1—1 vo i— NO^ c f"» vo C OO

"rt u "re u

"a c '2 cIU C J34-1 £ >

43

o c o o c OOC PQ U C CQ

^ ^T3 T3 T3C C Cre re reOO OO oo

re re re

U o o

OO OO oo

C C Cre re re

JZ _C -C+J *-• '-'

In U >-.

OJ <^ > N—' >

"5 ~> >re a

>re

re re

t3 «-<

c Mbe biD bo ^^ s-a—

i re — re —h rere ed re re re re

o c o o o o- h H H H

<o CO

co

I

^N

55

CO CN Tf

© © CNCN

+ 1 +

VO ©© r^ On

CN ©t«.

r-~ vo CNVO ^H r-On «f CO

vo OO *r- CN "fCO no ON

vo © VO

tft.

r- t-h OO-+1 © rhO TjH Tf

vo 0> i—

i

ON OO OOvo O oCN vo r^

^H 1—1

OO © NOCN O r-

CN OO vo© NO oo

CN ©e^

ON OO r^vo CO ONCN NO oo

VO vo ^HNO ON NOCO CN NO

TjH © -+1

«%

^h vo NOTfl © ^fCO n-h Tf

NO CN OOvo i—i VOi—> i—i CN

CN vo t^-1—1 1—1

r- cn ©CN OO ©^ CN

JZ _c -C4-1

O O oP3CQ PQ

beC re

cre

J3 Ih

"u bO

c T3 re

v!^ C ure zn

oo oo'oo

T3Cre

T3Cre

bfi

oo oo -3

C J3rial

d).ctio

% C 3 ^" >

ndu:

asa

nstr

C bfl

oo ^3C

.- U o

—< rere re re

o o oH - H

E 60!

• S C «« O « &

.HI'S5 1

1*2

C .

(J

hange

iamount

from1949

© —< MvOD

rHvO <N © On so

©OO SO

u,

++ + 1 4 4 4 4u

w> CO coxo CO OO CO00 > © ON CO '—

i vo

< (N i-» CO CN CN CN CN CNrt ** ^ft4-J OO SO CN »-h »—

i

00 CN ©rt © OO SO ~h *-h r^ CN ©(U

_3

,

^h co ^- r- ^r r^- w-i COrt

vOt~- On oo CO ^ CO OOci O *-* co r^rro CN CO w->

> H —i so CN oo

CN^r-T

On ON

© 6^ &±

ON 001-H C ON CN © u-> sC CN i/i r-

o CO On © w-» CN -* >-o*J sO Tf On r- vri c~ c^ so4-^ Tf © cor- © r> u- CNc CO »0 OO ^ CN © CN3 © OO CO CO COO6 I—

t

CN CN

<•fl

00

C CO © CN CN CO1

^Hr3 «"H 1-1

1,—l

Oh

© CO rf Tfi Tf OO so OO

><

© OO i—c i-h so © © ©

ooCN i—i CO CN CN CN CN CN

C •w* t«rt

a*j VO © »-H .—. u-i CO c^ SOri CN W> SO t^- OO On * COO|N ^ OO COrt

so ^O so CN © SO OOH O so CO w-» Tf ,— CN CO> H OO CN CN r-

Tf n?ON Wi f«

ON 00l-H C r^ r^ cn so oo o CN CN

o © so i-H vo r^ CN © CN*-' CO "f SO OO OO T—

1

©*J CN rj< ihO\O0 r^ c^ ©c co r-* oo »-h so r^ ONa ON so CN ON ONoe

'-

'

<03

c CO CN CN CN r- C~1

COrt

•—

1

1

»—*

s

C° ~ri a a « c« *rt

~ U S- u u Ih<D <D <U U <L 0. <L uas EEE £ £ £

o £ £ SEE £ £ £o o o o c c c oUU UUU U U u

bfl

C_C00 o'

O T3Dh C T3

SC C

oo _

1)00

PSi3 5

00

Sr3

J3 • .3 T3 t3 «,

—

00

lass

san

:eel

mol

last,

gri

sand:

ngine

ai

c

"73

o*-

^ E

! Hi

50c/)M WC>

"^ R

* S

0>"Oi

T3 O .

1*1.

E c 3 «>

£ZJhW

SILI C.I AND TRIPOLI 53

SILICA AND TRIPOLI

Ground Silica

Ground silica or silica flour is made by

fine grinding of washed silica sand. Dur-

ing 1950 the quantity of this material sold

or used by producers in Illinois amounted

to 263,100 tons and was valued at the

plants at $2,278,200, as shown in table 38.

This was an increase of 20.9 percent in

amount and 20.7 percent in value over the

previous year. Illinois continued to rank

first among the states in the production of

ground silica. It is used as an abrasive, as

a filler, and in foundries and in the ceramic

industry where it is known as silica flour

or "potter's flint." Ground silica for abra-

sives made up 31.4 percent of the total

tonnage and 31.2 percent of the total value

for 1950.

Tripoli

Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) is used as

an abrasive, polish, filler, and for many

Table 39.

—

Tripoli ("Amorphous" Silica) Soldor Used bv Producers in Illinois, 1946-1950"

YearAmount

tons

Value at plants

Total Average

1946. . . 15,63114,687

b

b

$321,600314,075

b

b

b

$20.571947.. 21.381948.. 16.531949

195019.0521.01

Summary of joint canvass made by Illinois GeologicalSurvey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.

As less than three producers reported, production figures

could not be shown without revealing individual oper-

other purposes. The tonnage and value of

tripoli sold or used by producers in Illinois

for 1948, 1949, and 1950 cannot be shown

without revealing individual operations, as

fewer than three producers reported sales

of this mineral material. Figures for 1946

and 1947 are given in table 39.

Table 38.

—

Ground Silicai Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 3

1948 1950

UseAmount

tons

Value at plantsAmount

tons

Value at plantsPercent

change in

amount

Total Average Total Averagefrom1949

Abrasive 89,1688,033

34,20137,28248,893

$ 777,71260,843

289,829335,033423,728

$8.727.578.478.998.67

82,72355,493

(b)

48,35776,549

$ 711,203460,754

(b)

349,218757,062

$8.578.30\

(b) J

7.229.89

- 7.3

Pottery, procelain, and tile

.

Foundry and filler

Other uses and undistributed

+ 31 .4

+ 29.7

+ 56.6

Total 217,577 $1,887,145 $8.67 263,122 $2,278,237 $8.66 + 20.9

9 Summary of joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Included in "Enamel and Glass."


FLUORSPAR INDUSTRY

Fluorspar the Mineral

Fluorspar is an attractive mineral, about

as hard as glass and transparent or translu-

cent. Crystallization, in the isometric sys-

tem, usually takes the form of cubes. In

color fluorspar varies from green to white,

but also occurs in the yellow, blue, purple,

pink, or brown hues.

Fluorspar is used chiefly in the iron and

steel industry as a flux, for making a fluid

slag, and freeing the iron from sulfur and

phosphorus. From 5 to 8 pounds is used

per ton of steel. Hydrofluoric acid, madefrom fluorspar, enters into the preparation

of many chemicals, including those which

play a part in the manufacture of high-

octane gasoline, refrigerants, plastics, and

insecticides. Fluorspar and its compounds

are also used in the glass, enamel, and

aluminum industries.

United States production (also Western

Hemisphere) has come principally from

the Illinois-Kentucky region that centers

about Rosiclare, Hardin County, Illinois.

These deposits extend across the Ohio

River into Kentucky, which is the second

largest fluorspar producer in the United

States.

Production in 1950

The production of finished fluorspar in

the United States in 1950 totaled 283,200

tons (including 146,600 tons of flotation

concentrates), as compared with 236,400

tons in 1949. Although domestic produc-

tion of finished fluorspar in 1950 was 20

percent greater than in 1949, shipments

from mines exceeded production by 6 per-

cent. The high level of operations in the

steel and hydrofluoric acid industries and a

substantial gain in consumer inventory were

chiefly responsible for the accelerated activ-

ity in 1950 (table 40).

Shipments

Shipments of fluorspar from United

States mines during 1950, totaling 301,203

tons, marked a gain of 27 percent over the

1949 shipments of 236,704 tons. Thethree states of Colorado, Montana, and

Texas registered a drop in 1950 shipments

as compared to 1949, while all other pro-

ducing states increased their shipments,

some substantially (table 41). It is inter-

esting to note that Illinois and Kentucky

together supplied 78 percent of the total

domestic shipments for 1950.

Consumption

Consumption of fluorspar in the United

States in 1950 established a new high of

426,121 tons; this is to be compared with

the amount consumed in 1944 (410,170

tons) which marked the previous high-con-

sumption period.

The steel industry, which set a newrecord in 1950, continued to be the fore-

most user of fluorspar by taking about 56

percent of the total consumed. The hydro-

fluoric acid industry, the second largest

utilizer of fluorspar, consumed 29 percent

of the total in 1950 compared with 26 per-

cent for 1949. Of the domestic and foreign

fluorspar consumed in the United States

Table 40.

—

Fluorspar Data for the United States, 1946-1950-

(In tons)

Year ProductionShipments

frommines

Imports ConsumptionTotal

industry

stocks

1946 277,300343,700336,000236,400283,200

277,940329,484331,749236,704301,203

29,48878,379111,62695,619164,634

303,190376,138406,269345,221426,121

117,6201947 147,251

1948

19491950

184,213167,660183,723


FLUORSPAR INDUSTRY 55

80%

STEEL

HYDROFLUORIC AC

100%

»

CERAMICS

OTHER

Fig. 19.—Percentage consumption of

fluorspar (domestic and foreign)

by industries, 1946-1950.

Table 41.

—

Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,by States, 1949-1 950 a

1949 1950

State

Tons

Value

Tons

Value

Total Average Total Average

Colorado 22,324120,88163,43812,8448,332

846422

5,8471,770

$ 763,2964,621,7332,018,209446,086180,166

^ 237,264

$34.1938.2331.8134.7321.62

26.70

18,182154,62380,13720,03618,936

95241

7,577719

$ 651,3266,110,7652,554,668

742,408337,912

> 219,875

$35.8239.52

Kentucky 31.88New Mexico 37.05

Utah 17.84

Other States:

ArizonaMontanaNevadaTexas

23.67

Total 236,704 $8,266,754 $34.92 301,203 $10,616,954 $35.25


Table 42.

—

Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, by Uses, 1949-1950 1

L s

Steel

Iron foundry

Glass

EnamelHydrofluoric acid

Miscellaneous. . . .

Exported

Total|

1949 1950

Quantity Value Quantity Value

Percent

of total

Tons Total Av. Percent

of total

Tons Total Av.

50.41.3

11.7

2.029.94.40.3

119,2643,10327,7274,62570,75910,443

783

53,555,743103,061

1,043,512186,312

2,991,166354,43932,521

$29.8133.2137.6440.2842.2733.9441.53

49.61.3

10.1

2.632.43.70.3

149,4103,945

30,4507,832

97,65911,179

728

5 4,384,271134,929

1,176,994327,081

4,164,901399,03229,746

$29.3434.2038.6541.7642.6535.6940.86

100.0 236,704 58,266,754 $34.92 100.0 301,203 $10,616,954 $35.25

a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines

the glass and enamel industries in 1950

used a smaller percentage of the total than

in 1949, although their tonnage increased

by about 13 percent over 1949 (table 43).

Imports

Imports of fluorspar in the United States

during 1950 came to 164,634 tons, which

established a new record ; the previous high

was in 1948 when the U. S. imported 111,-

626 tons. Mexico continued to be the

chief source of imports, supplying about 44

percent of the total for 1950. The sum of

73,051 tons is an increase of 25 percent

over the 1949 imports from Mexico (table

44). Of considerable importance is the

amount of fluorspar supplied by both Ger-

many and Spain during 1950.

Stocks

Stocks of fluorspar at domestic mines at

the close of 1950 totaled 75,090 tons (121,-

516 tons in 1949). There were 19,038

tons of finished and 56,052 tons of crude

fluorspar (calculated to be equivalent to

27,000 tons of finished fluorspar).

Fluorspar in Illinois

During 1950 Illinois maintained its posi-

tion as the leading fluorspar producer in the

United States. Shipments from Illinois

mines throughout the year amounted to

154,623 tons, which was slightly over 51

percent of the total amount shipped from

all producing states. The 1950 shipments

of fluorspar from Illinois mines showed a

marked increase (28 percent) over the

amount shipped in 1949 (table 41 ). How-ever, the year 1943 still stands as the high

point of activity in the Illinois industry

when 198,789 tons were shipped from

mines.

The average price of Illinois fluorspar

increased from $38.23 per ton in 1949 to

$39.52 per ton in 1950. This is an in-

crease of about 3.4 percent over the 1940

average price. The above-listed prices for

Illinois fluorspar are substantially higher

than the United States average price as

shown in table 41. The average selling

price of all grades of domestic fluorspar

shipped in 1950 established a new high over

the previous peak of 1949.

Table 43.

—

Consumption of Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) in the UnitedStates, by Industries, 1946-1950 8

( In tons)

Hydro-1

Year Steel fluoric

acid

Glass Enamel All other Total

1946 160,735 83,901 39,852 6,739 11,963 303,190

1947 209,395 100,363 42,130 8,938 15,312 376,138

1948 232,687 107,280 37,247 8,871 20,184 406,269

1949 201,501 89,152 30,797 5,510 18,261 345,221

1950 240,802 124,440 33,440 7,723 19,716 426,121

"Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines

Table 44.

—

United States Imports of Fluorspar, 1949-1950 1

Canada \

Newfoundland /

FranceGermanyItaly

MexicoSpain

Total

Countn

1949

Tons

15,344

1,532

7,85758,23812,648

95,619

Yah

< 361,623

27,800

130,362828,901200,358

$1,549,044

1950

Tons

14,163

2,77229,6249,722

73,05135,302

164.634

Yah

> 426,120

30,522527,277200,594893,545501,609

$2,579,667

PLANT POOD MATERIALS 57

PLANT FOOD MATERIALS

Producing bountiful crops in the early

days of agriculture was, essentially, only a

matter of preparing the seedbed, planting,

cultivating, and harvesting. Today, how-

ever, the situation is different. In order

successfully to maintain high crop produc-

tion in the face of declining soil fertility,

man must make every effort to maintain in

the soil the nutrients or plant foods that

have been lost or extracted.

If left alone, nature does a pretty good

job of maintaining a balanced soil fertility;

but where man's exploitation has interfered,

these balances are usually upset. Therefore,

in order to keep soils from becoming very

poor or useless, it is necessary to add fer-

tilizer materials. Any substance applied to

the soil for the purpose of maintaining or

increasing plant growth constitutes a fer-

tilizer. Some fertilizing materials, such

as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium,

are carriers of the major plant nutrients,

while other fertilizers act to modify the

physical or chemical composition of the soil.

Limestone, for example, is usually applied

for the purpose of correcting acidity, but

at the same time it is a source of calcium

and magnesium, also essential plant food

elements.

Substantial quantities of potassium are

found principally in the roots, stalks, stems,

and leaves of plants. Corn, in crop rota-

tion, is usually the first to show the effects

of a potassium deficiency. While the sup-

ply of potassium is reasonably good in most

Illinois soils, the rate at which it becomes

available is often too slow for maximumcrop yields. In other words, our crops in

Illinois and in the corn belt are not grow-

ing on nutrients that are released each

year, but rather they are feeding from sup-

plies which have built up during past centu-

ries. It has been calculated that the weather-

ing rate of the potash minerals in Illinois

soils (based on unweathered loess deposited

about 50,000 years ago) has amounted to

only one-fifth of a pound of released potas-

sium per acre per year for every 67^3 inches

or 2,000,000 pounds of soil. As these ele-

ments are taken from the soil by the crops,

which are finally consumed in distant urban

centers, fertility is gradually declining

—

more slowly where the soil has abundant

supplies of unweathered minerals, but as

surely declining.

Because we human beings depend on

food to supply us with all the essentials for

growth and health, the present generation

of farmers and city dwellers alike mustrealize that the crop rotations which

resulted in good yields in our fathers' and

grandfathers' time will not keep production

high now or in the future unless the supply

of minerals in the soils is restored and

maintained.

Potash Deliveries

During 1949 potash was delivered in this

country to 45 states and the District of Col-

umbia. Ohio was the leading state in potash

deliveries with over 90,000 tons K20, and

was followed by the states of Georgia, Illi-

nois, North Carolina, Virginia, and Florida,

each taking more than 60,000 tons K 2 for

the year.

By far the most popular material for agri-

cultural purposes continues to be the 60 per-

cent muriate of potash, comprising about 80

percent of the total K 2 delivered. The 50

percent muriate of potash accounted for 8

percent, manure salts 4 percent, and sulfate

of potash and sulfate of potash-magnesia 7

percent of the deliveries.

Table 45 lists the ten states leading in use

of agricultural potash for the year 1949. As

indicated in this table, the ten leading states

account for two-thirds of the agricultural

potash deliveries. However, in 1945 the

first ten states took almost 72 percent of the

agricultural potash.

The trend over the period 1945—1949

shows a general increase in the use of agri-

cultural potash for the country as a whole.

The first ten states also have been using

more of this material, but percentagewise

their share is decreasing, indicating a grow-

ing demand for this plant food in other

areas.


Table 45.

—

Ten States Leading in Use ofAgricultural Potash, 1949 a

(In tons)

StateRankamongstates

Tons

Alabama 10

6

2

3

7

9

41

8

5

42 333Florida 62 226Georgia 83 192Illinois

IndianaMarylandNorth Carolina.

.

78,54756,47147,16867 045

Ohio......South Carolina

90*688

47 660Virginia 64,645

Total, 10 states 639,975Total U. S. deliveries. . . 972 154Ten states as a percentNumber of states using

of U. S. total . .

potash, 1949b .

65.846

"Source: American Potash Institute.'' Includes District of Columbia.

Table 46.

—

Agricultural Potash Deliveries i

Upper Mississippi Valley States, 1949 :i

State Tons

Illinois 78 547Indiana 56,471

13,551IowaMinnesota 16,634Missouri 13,632Wisconsin 25,707

Total, six states

Total U. S. deliveries

204,542972,154

Six states as a percent of lT

. S. total. . . 21.0

American Potash Institute.

Illinois State Geological Survey

Report of Investigations No. 158

1952

illinois mineral industry in 1950 · stateofillinois adlaie.stevenson,governor...

Documents