ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present Danger

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: A Clear and Present DangerA Clear and Present Danger

Kleanthis Kyriakidis, PhDcKleanthis Kyriakidis, PhDcMPA Harvard Kennedy SchoolMPA Harvard Kennedy School

MA Middle East StudiesMA Middle East StudiesMS Physical OceanographyMS Physical Oceanography

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerOutline/ OverviewOutline/ Overview

Introduction

Categories

Countries of Origin

Perception of Peril

The Failure of Artificial Obstacles

Current Situation (EU – Greece)

Policy Recommendations

 

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerIntroductionIntroduction

Migration as a phenomenon Survival Hope of a better life

European and American behaviour

Preconditions Seek for a “new home” Sharing common values/ aspirations

Greek behaviour

Effect of the economic crisis

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerCountries of OriginCountries of Origin

Afghanistan (usually first)

Pakistan (usually second)

Tunisia (first in 2011 due to the “Arab Spring”)

Syria (second in 2012 due to the “Arab Spring”)

Bangladesh

Albania (first European country)

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present Danger

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present Danger

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerPerception of Peril Perception of Peril

Recent Survey in 6 EU countries: Germany 46% Italy 56% “legal immigrants responsible for the rise of criminal activities”

Unemployment?

Social Security System

Labor exploitation?

Pressure on Public Services

Some Criminal Activities

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present Danger

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerThe Failure of The Failure of

Artificial ObstaclesArtificial Obstacles If Maritime Nation, Crossing Sea Borders

More vulnerable, less controllable In distress (“men at sea”)!

Displacement instead of Reduction (EU problem, not local!)

Greek statistics

“Do or Die” mentality

Irregular migration as a by-product

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerCurrent SituationCurrent Situation

Both Fewer Incidents – Less Unauthorized Immigrants

For the Wrong Reasons! Economic Crisis makes EU less desirable destination Ultra-Nationalism, Xenophobia, Islamophobia

Greece MVP – (Most Vulnerable Point): Evros River, Sea Border, Albania

Arab Spring!

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present Danger

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerPolicy Policy

RecommendationsRecommendations Synergy (FRONTEX cooperating with local Police)

Combating traffickers through harsh punishments

For Greece: 48 hours instead of 7 days “Decision to Leave Country”

For EU: Change/ Abolish 2003/343/CE (“Dublin II”)

Address the Root Causes

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: Clear and Present DangerClear and Present DangerILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION:

A Clear and Present DangerA Clear and Present DangerKleanthis KyriakidisKleanthis Kyriakidis