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International Journal of Paper Publications,Vol. 2 Issue 4, pp: (1-4), Month-2013, Available at: www.paperpublications.org

MAXIMUM POWER TRACKING USING

SOLAR PV PANEL

Author Naes: Harish kumar Rachuri, Srikanth Murkipudi (14 point)

12A!liation o" author (10 point)12A!lation (10 point)

Abstract:Solar energy refers to the utilization of the radiant energy from the Sun. Solar power is used interchangeably

with solar energy, but refers more specifically to the conversion of sunlight into electricity by photovoltaic, concentrating

solar thermal devices, or by an experimental technology such as a solar chimney or solar pond.

Solar panel is nothing but hotovoltaic cells, which gives voltage directly if u place in sun light. Here if u makes

change the position of panels then power output will vary. Means, direct sunrays on solar panel can give good output

otherwise, decrease in the value of its output. So we have to track that path where the maximum power will attain.

Solar panel devices are of two types that collect energy from the sun. !ne is solar photovoltaic modules which

use solar cells to convert light from the sun into electricity and the other is solar thermal collector which converts the

sun"s energy to heat water or another fluid such as oil or antifreeze. #n this pro$ect we are using the photovoltaic type.

%he solar panel gives the voltage directly to the microcontroller through &'(. %his solar panel should

be fixed on the stepper motor shaft so that it can easily rotate )*+ degrees. %he microcontroller controls the stepper motor

to rotate in desired direction. #n order to attain maximum power output the microcontroller accesses the solar paneldirection continuously, which is on the shaft of stepper motor.

#f maximum output attains it waits for the solar panel to acuire energy from the sun and gives the output voltage

to the microcontroller. #f the output of the solar panel is going to reduce, it again starts checking for the maximum output

path. %his is a cyclic process.

%he main use of this pro$ect is to utilize the maximum power from the sun

Keyword: At!ors are ad"#sed to wr#tes $ % &' (eywords #) a*+!abet#ca* order re*ated to t!e ,a-or sect#o)s o. t!e#rArt#c*e/0&' +o#)t1

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I/ I)trodct#o)(11 point, #ol$)

#n present situation everyone is facing the problem with power cuts which is creating very much trouble to the people. So,

to solve this problem we have a solution that is sun. -es by using sun radiation we can get power i.e., the solar energyusing which we generate the power. &ll we are know that there are so many renewable energy sources like solar, wind,

geothermal etc. but solar energy system is very simple and easy to implement. ut the main drawback of the solar system

is it is very poor efficient system. y using this pro$ect we are going to improve the efficiency of solar system.

#n which solar panel will turn according to the sun rotation with predefined angle. So by using '( motor we are

going to turn the panel according to the time. /henever the radiation of the sun falls on the solar panel it grasps the

radiation and stores in it and it will send the message to the controller about its power which is stored in it.

Microcontroller will receive this information and display on 0('. &s the time passes the panel rotates with the help of

motor.

1ig. ower %racking 2sing Solar anels

Solar panels collect solar radiation from the sun and actively convert that energy to electricity. Solar panels are comprisedof several individual solar cells. %hese solar cells function similarly to large semiconductors and utilize a large3area p3n

$unction diode. /hen the solar cells are exposed to sunlight, the p3n $unction diodes convert the energy from sunlight into

usable electrical energy. %he energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be

knocked out of their orbits and released, and electric fields in the solar cells pull these free electrons in a directional

current, from which metal contacts in the solar cell can generate electricity. %he more solar cells in a solar panel and the

higher the uality of the solar cells, the more total electrical output the solar panel can produce. %he conversion of

sunlight to usable electrical energy has been dubbed the hotovoltaic 4ffect.

%he purpose of the pro$ect is to implement a system to continuously track the sun rays with the help of

the solar panel and grasping the maximum power from the sun by rotating the solar panel according to the sun rays

direction with respect to time.



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II. Paper Preparation Guidelines (11 point, #ol$)

/hen ever the sun rays falls on the solar panel, the phenomena of generation of current starts using hotovoltaic

567 principle. %he solar panel is attached to a '( motor, so that it rotates according to the movement of sun upto

)*+ degrees. %he main purpose of using '( motor is to capture maximum power that comes from a Sun ray. So thatthere will no loss of power tracking and makes it as a efficient system. %he '( motor is started by using driving unit.

&s we know that Solar anels consists of solar cells, these solar cells converts received sun light 5solar

energy7 into reuired amount of voltage or current using p type and n type 5electrons and holes7 principle.

%he converted output is received by rechargeable battery in form of '( and stores it for certain period of

time. %he amount of charged capacity in battery is display by 0(' in terms of 8 or volts. /henever the battery

capacity is decreased, the buzzer starts beep sound. Here &'( is used to create interface buzzer and microcontroller.

%he '( motor, driving unit, 0(' and buzzer are worked under instructions of microcontroller used.

%he output can be given to any applications like 04' displays, television, radios or any '( load depending

upon used solar panel ratings and application rating.

#f we want to use this '( output for any &( applications, a inverter is used which converts '( to &(.

%hus the pro$ect works in this way and the following picture gives complete working.

Here we have to use another battery for operating microcontroller, '( motor and uzzer.

referably 96 battery



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%&'MAI& *IA+AM /&

A. Font and Page Layout (10 point, #ol$, Itali)

Authors are a$vise$ to prepare their /aper in separate A4 sie $ouent, then op their

researh paper an$ paste it in this teplate. #asi in"oration rear$in able, +raphs, iure,

/aper Marin, ont ae, an$ ont %ie are iven in these tables. All the researh 5or6 o" authors

is onl aepte$ in ENGLISH lanuae an$ ont "ae is I!ES NE" #$!%N onl. Ma7or "ontan$ pararaph spei8ations are iven in A#9 I. Nuber stle use$ a be Nuber or oan

Nuerals $epen$s on author 5a o" 5ritin /aper. 'ea$in an$ %ubhea$in o" the setion is

5ritten as I. IN*;&IN< or 1. Intro$ution


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6eep /aper preise an$ not ore than = to > paes. All the bo$ te?t is 7usti8e$ (not hea$in an$

sub hea$in). Ma7or $etails o" paper laout are iven in A#9 II. 9ine spain reains 1.1=

point throuhout the paper.

%&LE I' F$N %N( P%#%G#%PH SPE)IFI)%I$NS (10 point, #ol$)

Fonts' i*es New #o*an Font Si+e et %lign

itle o" /aper 24 #ol$ &entre

Author@s Nae 14 Noral &entre

Author A!liation 10 Noral &entre

Abstrat An$ e5or$s 10 #ol$ usti"

'ea$ins 11 #ol$ &entre

%ub 'ea$ins 10 #ol$ orBan$ Itali 9e"tB&entre

#o$ e?t, Cuations 10 Noral usti"

e"erenes D Noral usti"

A6no5le$eent D Noral usti"

%&LE II' P%PE# L%-$

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op Marins o" /aper 2

#otto Marins o" /aper 1.E

9e"t Marins o" /aper 2.1

iht Marins o" /aper 1.E

B. Figures, Graphs and Tables

iures, raphs an$ tables shoul$ be insi$e the arins o" pae. iure aption is plae$

belo5 the 8ures an$ 5ritten as i. 1. %iilarl, able aption is plae$ above the ables an$

5ritten as A#9 I. *o not use to put 8ure insi$e the bor$er. iures, +raph an$ ables aptions

are Fush entre an$ labels shoul$ be leible, > to D point. i. 1, is use$ "or re"errin 8ure in the

te?t bo$. %iilarl, ables an$ +raphs are use$ "or re"errin table an$ raph in the te?t bo$.irst 8ure starts "ro i. 1 an$ last 8ure en$s 5ith i. N (N is last 8ure o" researh paper).

C. Conclusion Acknowledgement and Appendix

III/ Co)c*s#o)



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%he pro$ect :MAXIMUM POWER TRACKING USING SOLAR PV PANEL; has been successfully designed and

tested. #ntegrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. resence of all reasoned out and

placed carefully thus contributing to the best working. %he controller makes use so voltage compartor to compare the

voltage of solar pc panel and an gain the maximum voltage. &lso use of solar pv panel which is used to generate the

power from sun radiation

Hence this pro$ect provides best solution for the maximam power tracking from solar pv panel.

RE2ERENCES

). %he *+9) Microcontroller < 4mbedded Systems

-=M!H&MM4' &0# M&>#'# < ?&@#(4 A#00#S#4 M&>#'#

B. rogramming and (ustomizing the *+9) Micro3controller

-= M-C4 R4'C!D. %he *+9) Micro3controller &rchitecture, programming < &pplications

-= C4@@4%H ?. &-&0&

E. Mechanism and Machine %heory

-= ?.S. R&!, R.6. '2CC#&%#

9. %he concepts and 1eatures of Micro3controllers

-= R&? C&M&0

F. ractical transistor circuit design and analysis

-= A4R&0' 4. /#00#&MS

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