iita’s social science & agribusiness r4d agenda, 2012-2020: update on implementation and way...

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IITA’s Social Science & Agribusiness R4D Agenda, 2012-2020:

Update on Implementation and Way Forward

2016 P4D Week Ibadan, 21 November 2016


• People at the epicentre of all development initiatives (UN/SDGs, AU/Agenda 2063, CGIAR, CAADP, etc.)

• Innovations and innovation processes from aR4D done through people & for people

• Therefore aR4D requires a social context to ensure its relevance

• Thus the need for research in social science and agribusiness

Why Social Science & Agribusiness?


• Vision: Reliable source of knowledge for social science to guide innovation processes in Africa

• Mission: To generate high quality research outputs in SS&Agribiz to guide aR4D, institutional and policy innovation processes for impact

• Strategic goal: Improving smallholders’ agric productivity, competitiveness and nutrition in Africa through strategic & applied research in social science

Vision, Mission & Goals


SS&Agribiz R4D: Guiding Framework

Ex ante impact(Priority setting, Baseline studies, Foresight modeling)

Evaluation(technical, economic,social, environmental)

Adoption(Gender disaggregated))

Ex post impact(e.g. KPI-Poverty)

Situation Analysis

TECHNOLOGY GENERATION(Germplasm, SLU, Posthvst, IPM, IP..)

SCALING OUT DISSEMINATION(Pilot level)

SCALING UPDISSEMINATION(Large-scale)

Policies, Institutions, Markets


Objective # Short title Long titleObjective 1 Ex-ante

impact evaluation

Agricultural research priorities defined through ex ante impact evaluation of research and technology options

Objective 2 Rural livelihoods

Improved understanding of the social, cultural, gender and economic dynamics and determinants of rural livelihood strategies and pathways out of poverty

Objective 3 Gender Improved understanding of gender differentiated end-user preferences and the extent, determinants, and pathways of adoption of technological innovations for guiding technology development and delivery efforts

Objective 4 Input&Output markets, Policy

Alternative institutional arrangements and policy options relating to technology delivery, input supply, and output markets identified and advocated for increased market participation and commercialization among the agribusiness actors, especially the poor and the marginalized

Objective 5 Targeting Improved targeting of agricultural research and the resulting innovations through geographic and social scaling for increased benefits to the vulnerable;

Objective 6 Ex post impact assessment

New methods of ex post assessment developed, and poverty, nutrition, food security, and environmental impact of agricultural research documented for accountability and learning

Six inter-related objectives


Update on Implementation


Objective 1: Ex ante impact assessment and foresight modeling (linked to PIM and other CRPs)

Outcomes• Setting priorities through assessment of potential impact among

alternative options under scarcity of resources• Strategic research on future plausible scenarios through foresight modelling• Food consumption and patterns of major staples• Improved design of projects through identification of constraints

and opportunities


Highlight 1: Tools developed and application to soybean in SSA

- Tools: develop accurate ‘base’ results for IITA’s mandate crops- Application to soybean under climate change in SSA

BaseTech

Dbl-Yld-Area-Proc-100%

Dbl-Yld-Area-Proc

Dbl-Yld-Area

Dbl-Area

Dbl-Yld

Dbl-Proc0

2000400060008000

10000120001400016000

280290300310320330340350360

Production 2050 Consumption 2050 People at risk 2050

Soyb

ean

in S

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clim

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chan

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000

MT)

Peop

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of h

unge

r in

SSA

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mil.

)


Highlight 2 – Strategic Assessment of RTB Research Priorities

Technology Poverty Reduction Economic Benefits and Rates of Return

Lower adoption(millions)

Higher adoption(millions)

Lower adoption Higher adoptionNPV(US$

million)IRR(%)

NPV(US$

million)IRR(%)

High-yielding varieties with resistance to major diseases 1 2.01 1,189 57 2,408 69High-yielding varieties with high dry matter and starch 1.27 2.54 2,143 71 4,345 89High-yielding varieties with longer shelf life 0.84 1.69 1,167 44 2,386 53High-yielding, drought-tolerant varieties and increased water-use efficiency 2 4.03 3,025 61 6,127 73Sustainable crop and soil fertility management practices 2.66 5.36 8,284 210 16,743 301Integrated pest and disease management practices, including resistant varieties 1.18 2.38 3,732 60 7,625 71Efficient and massive high-quality planting material production and distr. systems 2.1 4.22 7,585 416 15,299 641Processing technologies for value addition 0.92 1.85 3,345 120 6,768 158

• Steps for strategic assessment (global): agro-ecologies and targeting; constraint analysis; identify research options; quantify model parameters; estimate research impacts; and communication of findings


Objective 2: Innovation systems, rural livelihood strategies and pathways out of poverty

Outcome: Improved understanding of the social,

cultural, gender and economic dynamics and determinants of rural

livelihood strategies and pathways out of poverty


Highlight 1: RAAIS for identifying entry points for innovation

Where to invest to have highest (development impact) return on investment?


Interactions

MFG alone

- - - MFG – NGO ext.

…. MFG – Gov’t ext.

_…_ MFG – CIALCA

Highlight 2: MFG and adoption of innovations

Adoption lag against MFG in GLR (Ainembabazi et al. Agric Econ, 2016)


Objective 3: Gender differentiated end-user preferences & adoption of technological, institutional & policy innovations

An extension agent with a group of female farmers

Outcomes• Gender differentiated identification of technology, technology characteristics and traits • Gender disaggregated consumers acceptance studies• Gender differentiated technology uptake, and spill over pathways across development domains• Uptake of innovations and role of postharvest processing, product development and others


Formation of the IITA Gender Scientists’ Network. It will strengthen IITA’s gender mainstreaming and research capacity.

Currently it has 11 PhD holders (8 female and 3 male) composed of qualitative and quantitative social scientists:

3 anthropologists, 2 agricultural economists, 1 rural sociologist, 1 geographer, 2 political scientists, 1 PhD in environmental and natural resource management, 1 PhD in a combined discipline of rural sociology and

agricultural science (agronomy and plant physiology) This enhances IITA’s profile in mixed methods research that has

distinct advantages and is becoming more and more common in the CG system.

Highlight 1: ITA Genders Scientists’ Network


Capacity development Trainings are carried out in West, East and

Southern Africa to improve IITA scientists and partners gender capacity

Several gender training manuals have been developed or are being developed (for IITA in general, SARD-SC, Africa RISING)

Postgraduate students in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, and Nigeria

Video production• in Sierra Leone by a multidisciplinary teamLink: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2ev7tEm-_K6MTRja1lEVTlPX0U/view?usp=sharing

Highlight 2 on Gender

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2ev7tEm-_K6MTRja1lEVTlPX0U/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2ev7tEm-_K6MTRja1lEVTlPX0U/view?usp=sharing


• Many adoption studies across the 4 hubs• All KPI-Poverty studies have adoption rates embedded• DIVA Book published with a chapter on adoption of IITA crops in Africa

Highlight 3: Adoption studies

Indicator

Adoption category

Adopters(N=517)

No adopters(N=296)

Adoption status (Adopter=1) 0.64 0.36

Poverty indicators Headcount index 0.62 0.82 Poverty gap index 0.30 0.49 Poverty severity index 0.18 0.34

Consumption expenditures ($/capita/day) 1.42 0.87

Example: Adoption of maize varieties and impact in Zambia (Khonje et al. Word Development. 2015)


Market linkages for product marketingand technology adoption

Outcomes• Value chains actors of input and output markets improve their investment in value chains• Policy makers influenced by findingsfrom research• New products with added value • Price analysis • Tools and methodologies in value • chain analysis• Standards for products developed

Objective 4: Agricultural input & output marketing systems, farmer organizations & agribusiness management, policies


Drivers of Market Participation Decisions among Small-scale Farmers in Yam Growing Areas of Nigeria and Ghana

Key Research QuestionWhat are the market factors that drive the modernization of the yam sector in West Africa?

Key TakeawayNon-price variables (institutional factors and productivity) play a significant role in determining yam market participation decisions.

Policy ImplicationPolicies that reduce transactions costs and induce farmers to commercialize could be critical alternatives to policies based on price to promote a marketed surplus by yam farmers and thereby poverty alleviation

(Mignouna et al. Tropicultura, forthcoming)

Highlight 1: Market studies


• Production of 11 Technical Policy Papers to inform policy formulation for aflatoxin control in EAC

• Production of policy briefs

• Engaging policy makers at various levels: AUC, country, district levels

Highlight 3: Policy Advocacy


Objective 5:Targeting: geographic and social scaling of innovations

Outcomes• Better targeting of technologies through geo-spatial analysis of development domains and production systems• Large-scale adoption of technologies through

strategies for technology out-scaling and up-scaling from pilot areas to larger domains for impact

• Policy processes and policy advocacy


Highlight 1: GIS guiding interventions

Map of maize production overlaid with that of poverty incidence in Nigeria


Donor

Beneficiary(Smallholder)

1. IITA to operate with national agricultural research institutions

2. Work with development projects and programs to leverage experiences (e.g. NAFAKA project, MVIWATA, FIPS-Africa, RUDI, NGOs)

3. Leverage resources within IITA Sister Projects (e.g. Africa RISING and N2Africa)

4. Deepen work with districts local governments

5. Communication and coordination

Scaling model – Principles (Example of AR Tanzania)

Achievement 2: Social scaling

Research

Development Common mandate


Indicator 2016 target 2016 Achievement % change

1. Number of households who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of the scaling model

9400 12943 130%

2. Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of the scaling model

13,000 10,345 80%

Africa RISING in Tanzania


AgResults Aflasafe Pilot in Nigeria

Parameters 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016

Number of implementers 4 9 16Number of farmers 1,015 3,271 6,279Treated area (ha) 1,457 4,998 6,601Maize aggregated for sale (tons) 2,031 7,220 9,368Samples with <4 ppb AF (%) (n = 660) 99.0% (n = 232) 93% (n = 268) 95%

Return on Investment (ROI)(-28 to 510%)

mean 210%(71 to 1,674%)

mean 489%(21 to 3,018%)

mean 542 %Aflasafe maize kept for family 46% 20.3% 25.8%


Objective 6: Ex-post impact evaluation (especially on poverty, food security, nutrition, NRM)

Outcomes• Framework and methodologies for IA• Assess the impact of aR4D on CI, NRM, IPM and PH• Assess C/B of genetic resource conservation • Tracking IITA’s contribution to poverty reduction (#people lifted out of poverty)Quasi-experimental impact

evaluation framework


Highlight 1: Framework and methods

Advanced econometric models of ex post impact assessment adapted and applied to assessment of IITA technologies and policy interventions on food security, poverty

DNA techniques combined with household/farm level data to improve adoption rates of crop technologies

Methods developed and applied in estimating the number of poor lifted out of poverty, thus allowing to track the contribution of IITA technologies towards poverty reduction

Framework and methodologies for epIA


Highlight 2: Tracking KPI-Poverty over Time

2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20200

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

11600000

9961379

7281379

5061379


Databases

Large-scale cross-sectional datasets on gendered data on production, adoption, food consumption, nutrition, and poverty for:

- Cassava: SARD-SC, CMS/Nigeria, SPIA/Nigeria - Maize: SARD-SC, SIMLEZA/Zambia, DTM/Nigeria- Yam: BMGF Yam/Nigeria and Ghana- NRM: CIALCA/ GLR, AR/Ghana, DTM/Nigeria- Etc.


The way Forward:

We have done well in the past

We can do better in the future


• Goal• Vision• Strategic objective

No change


Justification• Expansion in staff (and qualitative social scientists)

• New opportunities: TAAT, Youth, mechanization, etc

• Learning from the 4 years experience: synergies between current Obj 2 and part of Obj 5

about social scaling of technologies; synergies between Obj 6 and Obj 3 closeness of approaches used in Obj 1 (ex-ante)

and Obj 5 about geographic targeting

Make change to Structure of the Strategy


Proposed changes• Merge Obj 1 and part of Obj 5 about geographic targeting ===== Group 1• Merge Obj 2 and part of Obj 5about social scaling of technologies ===== Group 2• Maintain Obj 4 as stand alone ====== Group 3 • Merge Obj 6 and Obj 3 ===== Group 4

Make change (Cont)

Refreshed Strategy 2017-2020The four groups (if accepted) will translate into new objectives of the Refreshed Social Science and Agribusiness Research for Development Agenda 2017-2020


THANK YOU FOR LISTENING


Working Groups

GROUP 1 (Obj 1 & part of Obj 5)

GROUP 2 (Obj 2 & part of Obj 5)

GROUP 3 (Objective 4)

GROUP 4 (Objective 6 & 3)

Alene, Arega Bamba Zoumana Abass, Adebayo Adetonah, Sounkoura

Coulibaly, Ousmane Hillbur, Per Abdoulaye, TahirouAmpadu-Boakye Theresa

Gbegbelegbe, Sika Kotu, Bekele Adeoti, Razack Assfaw, TesfamichealManda, Julius Mignouna, Djana Akande, Adebowale Bullock, ReneeNcho Simon Muthoni, Francis Ampaire Edidah Dontsop, PaulNgwira, Robert Ojiako, Ifeanyi Baars Edward Feleke, ShiferawNwafor Manson Schut, Marc Diallos, Thierno Fisher, GundulaTaondyande, Maurice Sseguya Haroon Djouake, Rousseau Gaya, HyeladiVayssieres, Jean Francois Tufa, Adane Kingi, Stephen Manyong, VictorYade Mbaye Gichohi, Wanjiku Okechukwu, Richardson Nkengla Lilian Wopong

Pali Pamela Tegbaru, AmareTarawali, GbasseyYami, MastewalBoom Jaap

iita’s social science & agribusiness r4d agenda, 2012-2020: update on implementation and way...

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