iit unit 2nd

7/25/2019 IIT Unit 2nd

1/13

Unit II

Electronic Worksheet or Spread sheet:-

An electronic worksheet or spread sheet program is used to perform calculation store information

in the memory of computer and display in the information or the result in the required format onyour computer screen. In such a worksheet, information is entered through the keyboard and

display on the computer screen.

MS Excel is a fullfeatured spreadsheet program that allows organi!ing data, calculation, making

decisions, graphing data, and de"eloping professional looking reports. MS Excel is the most

powerful spreadsheet package brought by Microsoft. Some common application of spreadsheet is

in the following area.

#udget

Annual report of #usiness firms Income statement and income tax calculations.

#illing.

$roduction and marketing analysis. #anking

%ost effecti"e analysis.

&he information already entered on the screen can be changes "ery easily. #esides, when any

information is changed, the spreadsheet program on the basis of the new information. If you

change the unit price, the program will immediately recalculate and display the new total sales

"alue. &he worksheet program can also display the result in the from a graphs.

Component of MS Excel Window:-

'. &he Title bar displays the name of the current workbook or file.

(. &he Men bar is used to access menus from which one selects Excel)s "arious commands.*. &he standard toolbardisplays buttons that one can click with the mouse to perform commonly

needed tasks.+. &he formattin! toolbar displays button and lists that one can use to change the appearance of

data.

"# Cells to place data and formulas.

$# &he acti%e cell is indicated by a black outline.

&he row headin! and colmn headin! help to identify cells.


2/13

'# &he stats bardisplays information about the status of Excel and the system.

(# &he scroll bar are used to mo"es around using the mouse.

)*# &he formla bar at the top of Excel windows that one uses to enter or edit "alues or formulas in

cell or charts.

+eatres of MS-Excel:-

Some of main features are

)# Windows-based application:- MS Excel has an interface similar to -indows operating system.

ike as windows application, Excel ahs toolbars, Autocorrect, /nline help. &his makes Excel

easier to learn.

,# Workbook: -orkbook are containers that hold one or more worksheets. 0eeping all sheet that

related toa pro1ect in one file reduces the maintains different files.

# .ditin!: -orksheet auditing is a feature that checks a worksheet for errors. Auditing can be

used to relate formulas in different cell and locate the source of a calculation error.

/# 01E spport: Excel worksheet can contain any ob1ect, like a document, a picture or a "ideo clip.

&his feature is known as /b1ect inking and Embedding

"# 2ata entr3 forms: one can create custom data entry forms within a worksheet. 2alidation rules

and formatting can be included within a form.

$# 1ar!e data mana!ement capacit3: &he most powerful and useful feature of Excel is the ability

to store and organi!e data. Excel can maintain large "olumes of the data at a time. A worksheet

can contain 344*3 rows and (43 columns. Each cell contains max. (44 characters.

2ata anal3sis featres: Excel contains powerful tools that helps in data analysis. $i"ot table, data

map tool etc.

'# Chart and !raph: Another basic feature of MS Excel is the ability to create customi!able charts

and graphs of data. It draws graph, pie charts, pie charts and line graph.


3/13

9.+ormattin!: MS Excel allows for formatting options similar to MS -ord .It is ha"ing altered font

si!e, style and color etc.

10. +ormlas: - It pro"ides mathematical formulas into cell to carry out calculation on other

cells. 5ormulas can simple and complex. It can sol"e the complex problem.

Mo%in! and Cop3in! data in Excel:-

)# Mo%in! Cell:- &o cut cell content that will to mo"e to another cell select Edit and then %ut from

the menu bar or click the %ut button on the standard toolbar.

,# Cop3in! Cells:&o copy the cell content, select Edit then copy from the menu bar or click the

%opy button the standard toolbar.

# 4astin! Ct and Copied Cell:-6ighlight the cell where to paste the cut or copied content. Select

Edit and then from the menu bar or click the $aste button on the standard toolbar.

/# 2ra! and 2rop:-If mo"ing the cell content only a short distance, the drag and drop method may

be easier. Simply drag the highlighted border of the selected cell the destination cell with the

mouse.

+ormla and +nction:-

5ormula is an expression that is designed to perform calculation. 5ormula helps to calculate andanaly!e the data in the worksheet. 5ormulas can be used for simple calculation.

$roperties of 5ormula

A formula in the worksheet always begins with an equal sign 789. &his sign informs excel that

formula is in use.

After a formula is entered, the resulting "alue is display in the cell.

-hen a cell containing a formula is selected, the underlying formula display in the formula bar.

Most commonly used operators are

/perator :escription


4/13

;

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

:i"ision

?aised to the $ower

+nction:-A 5unction is a readytouse formula that can be used to perform a calculation on

the data in the worksheet.

'. &ext functions.

(. Mathematical functions.

*. Statistical function.

+. :ate and &ime function

4. ogical function.

)# Text +nction:-

&ext 5unction :escription

en

ower

@pper

?ept

5ind

ength

ower of letter

@pper of letter

?epeat the letter

5ind return position of matching text.


5/13

,# Mathematical fnction:-

Mathematical fnction 2escription

Sum

$roduct

Sqrt

Int

$ower

?eturn the sum

?eturn the product

?eturn the square root of number

?eturn the integer part

?eturn the number raised to power

# Statistical fnction:-

Statistical 2escription

A"erage

Max

Min

?eturn the a"erage

?eturn the maximum "alue

?eturn the minimum "alue

/# 2ate and Time:-

2ate and Time 2escription

ow

&oday

?eturn the current date and time

?eturn only current date

"# 1o!ical fnction:-

1o!ical fnction 2escription


6/13

.52

06

50T

I+

?eturn true if all condition are true otherwise false

?eturn true, if any of the condition is false otherwise true

?eturn true if condition is false and false if condition is true

?eturn "alue' if condition is true and "alue( if condition is false

Chart78raphs:-

%harts are graphical representation of information. &hey are "ery easy to understand and compare

different patterns and trends in the data. %hart and graph are used to make information clearer andeasier to understand. A good picture is worth a thousand numbers. MS Excel offers a wide "ariety

of chart types, including bar, line, pie and doughnut.

T3pes of chart:-

'. Colmn char:- %olumn chart or graph are one of the most common types of charts used to display

data. &hese are most often used to show amounts or the number of times a "alue occurs. &he

amounts are displayed using "ertical bar or rectangle. &he taller the bar, the greater number of

times the "alues occurs.

,# 9ar chart:- A bar chart is a chart that shows information about two or more discrete ob1ects,

e"ents, locations, groups of people, etc. the bar graph is used to make comparison. A bar chart in

Excel is 1ust a column bar where the bars are displayed as hori!ontal


7/13

# 1ine chart:- A line charts shows continuous change o"er time. 5or example, a line graph can be to

obser"e the changes in temperature in year. It is easy to determine when the "alue in the graph

was the highest or when it was the lowest.

/# 4ie chart:- A pie chart is a circular graph where the pieces of the pie are used to represent a

percentage of a whole. $ie charts do not use hori!ontal and "ertical axes to plot charts. &he circle

of pie charts representation 'BBC. &he circle is subdi"ided into slices representation data "alues.

&he si!e of each slices shows what part of the 'BBC it representation.


8/13

"# ;


9/13

Creatin! a Macro:-

'. /pen up the worksheet where macro is to be used.

(. Select cells.

*. %lick on &ools, point macro and select record new macro.

5ame: - &ype the name of the macro.

Store macro in: -&his is the current workbook on which one is working. #ut one can sa"e

macros in a desired workbook also.

2escription: -Enter a description of the macro.

After filling the information click the /0 button to start the macro recorder.

-hate"er will be done now, in the workbook, will be recorded. ew manually perform the series

of actions that the macro is supposed to recreate.

To 6n a Macro:-

)# %lick on tool, and then select Macro.

,# Select Macro name.

# %lick the ?un button.


10/13

&he macro dialogue box also allows deleting and editing macros.

Conditional formattin!:-

Excel conditional formatting is a hidden and powerful feature. It can change the outlook of the

pro1ect, sales budget and analytical outputs.

Adding condition formatting to a cell in Excel allows on one to apply different formatting options,

such as color, to a cell or cells based on the data in the cells.

&he conditions can be based on the selected cell)s contents or based on the content of another cell.

/ne can control the following formats

umber format

5ont si!e, font style.

5illing color and fill pattern. #order color and border style.

%onditional formatting is to automatically change the format of any cell based on the "alue in the

cell, or other cells. %onditional formatting is "ery useful during error flagging, as it can quickly

let the user know the underlying data.

Step to se Conditional +ormattin!:-

Suppose one has to enter the marks of the student in $%S test and the teacher wants to know who

is obtaining below +B. So condition has to be set for the same to apply conditional formatting.

'. Select the column of marks entries.

(. /pen the format menu and click on the %onditional 5ormatting option. A conditional formatting

dialog box appears. @sing the pull down list in front of the F%ell 2alue IsG box set the condition

for formatting. In this example the condition has been set that be cell with marks below +B should

become gray in color and bold in style.


11/13

*. %lick /0 when finished.

ow we will get the final result of the list.

8oal seek:-

Hoal seek can be taken as opposite of formulas. 5ormulas con"ey about the output of certain

"ariables used in an equations. Hoal seek tell what inputs should be gi"en in order to get certain

output.

MS Excel pro"ides this feature to calculate the "alues according to different formulas used on

"arious inputs parameters. It is a sort of in"erse calculation. Sometimes it is possible to find the

parameter "alue mathematically but it is not easy to deal with complex formulas containing a

number of parameter. &he Hoal Seek enables one to find a parameter "alue with the trial and

error method in no time.


12/13

Hoal seeking is useful to find the "alue of a "ariable that will gi"e a known result in an equation

that in"ol"es that "ariable. Hoal seeking is a method in which the "alue of a designated cell

"aries until the "alue of another ell matches the "alues set in ad"ance.

Workin! of the 8oal Seek +nction:-

-orking of the Hoal Seek function is explained here with an example. A company sells four

different products at the rate of ?s.'4, ?s.(4, ?s+ and ?s.'(J and sell 'BBB, 4BB, 'BB and 'B

product units a month respecti"ely. &he company)s total income amounts to ?s.**3JB. ow the

question is In order to raise the income too ?s.+BBBB how many product units priced ?s.'(J

must be soldK &he Hoal Seek function will work as under

Select the LHoal Seek) item on the &ool menu.

Specify the following parameters in the opened windows

'. Set cell:- Set cell with a "alue to fine 7%ell :39. &here must be a formula in this cell.

,# To %ale:- the total "alue income 7+BBBB in this case9


13/13

# 93 chan!in! cell:- this cell contains the "alue that can be changed during the calculation

process 7trial and error method9 7%ell %4 the number of product units to se sold9. &he cell

format is numerical.

&hen click /0 and Excel will find the "alue of %ell %4 automatically. It is equally to 4.*4. #ut

as the number of product units is integer the most possible "alue will be 4 units.

iit unit 2nd

Documents